The invention relates to a method for measuring earth pressure on the outer side of a shield tunnel. The adopted measurement device comprises an oil bag, a silicon rubber O-shaped sealing ring, a water-swelling rubber sleeve, a cylinder barrel, a piston, a steel wire rope for pulling the piston, a piston installation support component for installation, an electronic control system and an oil supply unit, wherein the oil bag is used to sense soil deformation and transfer earth pressure, is meshed with the cylinder barrel by threads, and presses the silicon rubber O-shaped sealing ring to realize the sealing of hydraulic oil; the lower part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an external thread and an internal thread, the external thread is matched with the internal thread of a hoistinggrouting hole, and the internal thread is connected with the piston installation support component; a convex groove for fixing the piston is arranged at a lower position of the cylinder barrel, the threads at the bottom and the top of the cylinder barrel have opposite directions, and the thread at the bottom of the cylinder barrel has the same direction as the internal thread of the hoisting grouting hole; and the piston is located in the cylinder barrel, and comprises an "upper" part of the piston, a formulation pair wire, a heating rod, a pressure liquid level set temperature transmitter, anoil delivery pipe, an exhaust pipe and a "lower" part of the piston.