The invention discloses a geothermal energy collecting pile foundation which comprises a tubular pile, heat conduction liquid, a spreader plate, a cover plate, a bottom plate, heat conduction pipes, a collector and the like, wherein the bottom of the pile is completely closed by adopting reinforced concrete, the reinforced concrete cover plate is arranged on the top of the pile, a plurality of holes are arranged in the cover plate, the spreader plate is arranged in a cavity in the tubular pile, a plurality of holes are arranged in the locations, close to the bottom, of the spreader plate, the cavity of the tubular pile is filled with the heat conduction liquid, the heat conduction pipes penetrate through the holes in the cover plate and extend in the heat conduction liquid in the cavity of the tubular pile, and the heat conduction pipes are connected with the collector and form a circulating channel with the cavity of the tubular pile. The invention also discloses a construction method of the pile. The construction method comprises the following technical steps of: constructing the tubular pile in a foundation, excavating pile core soil, making the bottom plate, installing the spreader plate, installing the cover plate, installing the heat conducting pipes, injecting the heat conducting liquid and the like. The geothermal energy collecting pile foundation has the advantages of simple and convenience for construction, no influence on the stress of the tubular pile body, convenience for examination and maintenance, wide application range and low construction cost, and is an energy saving and emission reduction pile with economy and high efficiency.