203 results about "Electric energy consumption" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent energy and power system automatic control, and particularly relates to a cross-level collaborative regulation and control system integrating meteorological prediction, power market and equipment state, which comprises a central collaborative controller, a data acquisition unit, a communication network and an execution terminal, the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring meteorological data, power load data, electric energy consumption cost data and equipment operation state data in real time; the execution terminal at least comprises a photovoltaic inverter, an energy storage converter and a charging pile controller; the central cooperative controller is configured to execute three cooperative optimization closed loops, namely, a data fusion and prediction closed loop, a multi-target dynamic optimization closed loop and a multi-time scale control closed loop. According to the system and the method provided by the invention, the problems of real-time performance and accuracy of multi-source heterogeneous data fusion are solved; the balance optimization bottleneck of multiple targets such as economy, stability and environmental protection in the dynamic process is broken through; full-time-scale seamless cooperative control from second-level emergency response to hour-level economic dispatching is realized; and the self-adaptive capability and the overall performance of the system in different application scenes are improved.

The invention discloses a water pump energy efficiency optimization method and system, relates to the field of water pump energy efficiency optimization, is used for optimizing electric energy consumption of a water pump and further improving the energy-saving effect, and comprises the following steps: collecting operation parameters of the water pump; based on the operation parameters, an actual performance model of the water pump is periodically reconstructed; the actual performance model reflects a lift-flow relation and a power-flow relation of the water pump at different rotating speeds; according to the current target working condition and the actual performance model, optimal operation parameters of the water pump are calculated; and adjusting the operation of the water pump according to the optimal operation parameters.

The invention discloses a winching tail rope energy storage electric type electric automatic winding device, and relates to the technical field of automatic winding devices. The automatic winding device for the winching tail rope comprises a rotating rod, a bearing and a wire coil which are arranged on an electric tailstock, and the rotating rod is fixedly inserted into an inner ring of the bearing so that the wire coil can rotate along with the rotating rod; the automatic winding device for the winching tail rope further comprises a detection mechanism. When the electric winch releases the steel wire rope, the electric tailstock rotates passively, at the moment, the motor reducer module in the system serves as a generator, kinetic energy of the electric tailstock is converted into electric energy, and the converted electric energy can be stored in a matched energy storage element. When the winching mill pulls the steel wire rope, the stored electric energy drives the electric tailstock to rotate and wind the steel wire rope, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved. According to the winching tail rope energy storage electric type electric automatic winding device, electric energy consumption or storage is achieved according to two different working conditions that a winching drags or releases a steel wire rope, the winding efficiency and effect are guaranteed, and the energy recovery effect can be improved.

This utility model relates to the field of battery production equipment technology, specifically to a hybrid conveyor-type back-contact battery sintering and photoinjection integrated furnace, including a frame with a sintering section and a photoinjection section. A chain conveyor belt is installed in the sintering section, and a conveyor roller conveyor is installed in the photoinjection section. A transfer device is provided between the chain conveyor belt and the conveyor roller conveyor. Chain conveying is used only in the sintering section, while roller conveyor conveying is used in the photoinjection section. This combination of methods effectively reduces the length of the chain conveyor, thus avoiding the instability and scratching of the battery cells associated with chain conveying. Furthermore, the end of the chain conveyor only needs to be initially cooled to above 200°C before entering the photoinjection area cavity, avoiding the process of cooling followed by heating. This reduces the steps of cooling and heating the battery cells and furnace belt, thus reducing energy consumption.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric precipitation, in particular to overload monitoring equipment and a monitoring method for electric precipitation equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring target production data; determining a target dust discharge amount according to the target production data; and determining the target current magnitude according to the target dust discharge amount. The method has the advantages that the neural network is used for conducting deep learning on online collected production data, a corresponding relation model between the dust amount and the power plant production data is established, the smoke dust emission amount is predicted based on the model, the average secondary current amount of the electric field is adjusted in real time on the basis, and the purposes of reducing consumption and reducing power consumption are achieved. According to the invention, the control aims of improving the reliability of the IGBT and prolonging the service life of the IGBT are fulfilled, the spark discharge phenomenon can be reduced or avoided as much as possible, equipment such as the IGBT and a trigger circuit board can be better protected, and unnecessary electric energy consumption can be effectively reduced at the same time.

The application relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation water treatment, and discloses a flow regulating valve which comprises a valve seat, a valve shell, a valve core and an elastic diaphragm, the valve seat is provided with a left-right through flow hole, a cylindrical valve core is sealingly connected to the left side of the valve seat corresponding to the position of the flow hole, a plurality of openings are arranged on the valve core wall in a circumferential direction, an elastic diaphragm is sealingly wrapped on the outer side of the valve core corresponding to the positions of the openings, a water passing inner cavity which is left-right through and sealingly communicated with the flow hole is formed between the elastic diaphragm and the valve core, the valve shell is sleeved on the outer side of the valve core and sealingly connected to the valve seat at the left end, and an adjusting outer cavity which is closed at the left end and opened at the right end is formed between the valve shell, the valve seat, the valve core and the elastic diaphragm. The application has a reasonable structure, the water passing section area of the water passing inner cavity can be adjusted according to the water head, so that the flow rate is relatively stable, the whole device is controlled by hydraulic self-driving, no manual cost or electric energy consumption is needed during operation, and the operation cost is low.

This application discloses a distributed kitchen waste treatment device, which includes a treatment component, a low-temperature heat pump, and a crushing and dehydration device. The treatment component includes a treatment box, which includes a housing. The housing has a treatment chamber, a first feed inlet, and an exhaust gas outlet. The treatment component also has an air inlet. This invention can reuse the humid and hot exhaust gas generated during the fermentation of kitchen waste. The low-temperature heat pump uses the heat from the humid and hot exhaust gas and the heat energy generated by its own operation to convert the air and humid and hot exhaust gas into dry and hot air for fermenting kitchen waste. Compared with the existing electric indirect heating method, this effectively reduces power consumption. Furthermore, the condensate generated by the humid and hot exhaust gas after being treated by the low-temperature heat pump is used to remove oil and salt from the kitchen waste, eliminating the need for additional hot water and achieving water recycling. This increases water utilization, saves costs, reduces wastewater volume, and makes the overall operation more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy dispatching management, in particular to an operation management method and system for a power generation and energy storage system, and the method comprises the steps: receiving ambient light irradiation through a distributed photovoltaic module, executing the photoelectric conversion work, generating internal electric energy of the system, and storing the internal electric energy of the system through an energy storage module, and recording the change condition of the stored electric energy of the energy storage assembly to generate a power generation storage information flow, recording the electric energy consumption condition of the electric energy dispatching module dispatched from the urban power grid to generate an electric energy consumption information flow, and dispatching the electric energy consumption information flow on the basis of an electric energy dispatching management model pre-deployed in the electric energy dispatching module. The power generation storage information stream and the power consumption information stream are analyzed to adjust a power scheduling mode.

TITLE Method for monitoring the operation of a plurality of aeronautical measurement probes, and associated monitoring system and aeronautical measurement architecture. The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the operation of a plurality of aeronautical measurement probes, each probe comprising heating means, the method comprising the following steps: - acquisition (110) of a plurality of consumption data, each consumption data characterizing the electrical consumption of the heating means of one of the aeronautical measurement probes; - determination (120) of at least one similarity relationship between at least two consumption data; - comparison (130) of the similarity relationship(s) with a threshold; - detection (140) of an operating anomaly based on the result of the comparison(s). Figure for the abstract: Figure 3

The utility model discloses an air mixing type two-stage rotating wheel dehumidification air conditioning unit, and relates to the technical field of air conditioners. Wherein the first dehumidification rotating wheel is provided with a first dehumidification channel and a first regeneration channel, and the first dehumidification rotating wheel is a low-temperature regeneration rotating wheel; the second dehumidification rotating wheel is provided with a second dehumidification channel and a second regeneration channel; the fresh air channel, the first dehumidification channel, the second dehumidification channel and the air supply channel are sequentially communicated through a pipeline; the outlet end of the regeneration air channel, the second regeneration channel, the first regeneration channel and the exhaust channel are sequentially communicated through pipelines, and the inlet end of the regeneration air channel and the outlet end of the air return channel are connected to the pipeline between the first dehumidification channel and the second dehumidification channel; the temperature adjusting device is arranged in the air supply channel; the heat pump system comprises a condenser; the electric heater and the condenser are arranged in the regeneration air channel, and the electric heater is located between the condenser and the second regeneration channel. The utility model can reduce the consumption of electric energy, improve the energy recovery utilization rate, and achieve the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection.

The present application relates to a kind of systems for improving the thermal efficiency of underwater transport platform fuel cell auxiliary system, including water circulation pipeline consisting of fuel cell stack, alloy hydrogen storage tank assembly, circulating water tank and circulating water pump in series;Hot water delivery pipeline;And, oxygen inlet pipeline and hydrogen inlet pipeline;The water outlet of the circulating water tank is divided into two routes, one is connected with fuel cell stack, another is connected with hot water delivery pipeline;The hot water delivery pipeline includes heating water tank that can provide hot water to fuel cell stack, and heating device in heating water tank and heat release by chemical reaction.The present application provides suitable circulating hot water in the temperature range of fuel cell stack and alloy hydrogen storage tank assembly by chemical reaction of heating agent and water heat release for fuel cell system when cold start, high-power variable load and continuous high-power operation, without increasing power consumption, so that the efficiency of the whole system is improved by more than 10%.

Disclosed are an energy management device for a battery, an operation method thereof, and a wearable device comprising same. The energy management device comprises: a motor for generating torque on the basis of electric energy supplied from a battery or generating regenerative current by using back electromotive force; an energy management circuit for controlling the supply of electric energy from the battery to the motor and controlling the charging of the battery by the regenerative current generated by the motor; and one or more processors for controlling the energy management circuit. The energy management circuit comprises: a rechargeable battery; a battery charging circuit for charging the battery on the basis of the regenerative current; and an electric energy consumption circuit for consuming electric energy corresponding to at least a portion of the regenerative current generated by the motor.

The system accurately recalculates the remaining driving range based on the fluctuating electric power consumption / fuel efficiency, which varies depending on the characteristics of each vehicle and each driver. [Solution] The driver assistance system comprises an input unit that identifies the driver of a vehicle and inputs driver characteristic data indicating the driver's operation of the vehicle, and vehicle characteristic data related to the vehicle's electric power consumption / fuel consumption; a processing unit that performs machine learning based on the driver characteristic data and vehicle characteristic data to estimate the electric power consumption / fuel consumption associated with the driver and vehicle, and recalculates the cruising range based on the electric power consumption / fuel consumption and the vehicle's remaining charge / fuel level; and an output unit that outputs the cruising range.

The application discloses a kind of domestic waste landfill leachate zero discharge treatment device and method thereof, it is related to leachate processing technical field, including pedestal, the top of the pedestal is fixedly installed with support frame, the inner wall of support frame near top is fixedly installed with support sleeve, the inner wall of support sleeve is fixedly installed with evaporation tank, the top of the pedestal is provided with liquid heating mechanism.The application is heated by the design of the whole liquid heating mechanism, circulating pump, can make heat conducting oil from heat conducting oil tank, conveying pipe, heating sleeve and the inner cavity of reflux pipe circulation, control the work of electric heating wire at the same time, heat conducting oil can be heated, that is, the function of heating the concentrated liquid in the evaporation tank is realized, and the temperature of heat conducting oil in the inner cavity of heat conducting oil tank is detected by the design of temperature sensor, and the electric heating wire is controlled to stop working when the temperature is greater than the preset value, to avoid the problem that continuous work can cause large power consumption.

The utility model discloses a low-energy-consumption vacuum-pumping system of a coating machine, which comprises a coating vacuum chamber, a fine pumping assembly, a pre-pumping assembly and a maintaining pump assembly, the coating vacuum chamber is provided with a vacuum-pumping port and an inflation port, the inflation port is provided with an inflation valve, the fine pumping assembly comprises a first molecular pump, and the pre-pumping assembly comprises a second molecular pump. A high-pressure valve set used for controlling connection and disconnection is connected between the first air inlet end and the vacuumizing opening. A rough pumping valve set is connected between the second air inlet end and the vacuumizing opening, and a preceding-stage valve set is connected between the second air inlet end and the first exhaust end. The maintaining pump assembly comprises a second molecular pump and a maintaining pump body which are sequentially connected in the gas circulation direction, and the third gas inlet end is communicated between the first gas exhaust end and the gas inlet side of the preceding-stage valve set. And the electric energy consumption is greatly saved.

The invention discloses a vacuum heat preservation conveying pipe device and a pipeline conveying system, the pipeline conveying system comprises two conveying pipe devices, a pump and a control unit, each conveying pipe device comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe and an electric heating structure, each inner pipe is arranged in the corresponding outer pipe, and each outer pipe is arranged in the corresponding electric heating structure. A closed cavity is formed between each inner pipe and each outer pipe, each electric heating structure surrounds each inner pipe, each inner pipe is connected and communicated, the pump pumps air in each cavity to enable each cavity to be in a vacuum state, the control unit controls the operation states of each electric heating structure and the pump, heat energy transmitted outwards through each outer pipe is reduced, and the heat energy utilization rate is improved. The inner pipe is easily kept at a default temperature, and the electric energy consumption of each electric heating structure is reduced.

The utility model discloses an SF6 gas leak detection auxiliary quantifying device, which comprises a detection cover, a gas collection port, a gas suction pipeline, a gas pump and a detection pipeline, the top of the detection cover is provided with the gas collection port, the opening of the gas collection port faces the inside of the detection cover, and the upper end of the gas collection port is connected with the gas suction port of the gas pump through the gas suction pipeline. An air outlet of the air pump is connected with an exhaust pipeline; the detection pipeline penetrates through the detection cover, one end of the detection pipeline is provided with an air inlet, the air inlet is arranged in the detection cover, and the other end of the detection pipeline is provided with a detection instrument adapter. The device is simple in structure and convenient to use, can be repeatedly used, does not cause the loss of other materials except for the electric energy consumption, greatly shortens the leakage detection time, and improves the detection efficiency and accuracy.

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of equipment testing, and discloses an aging test device and an aging test method thereof. The aging test device is used for testing two inverters of the same model, and comprises a first connection circuit, a battery simulation circuit providing a first output voltage and a switching circuit. And the switching circuit and the first connecting circuit take the output of one inverter as the input of the other inverter to form a first closed-loop test loop or a second closed-loop test loop. According to the testing device, energy can be recycled in a closed-loop system, and electric energy consumption and heat productivity are remarkably reduced. Moreover, the two inverters to be tested can be matched with each other in voltage and frequency, so that the strict requirement on the voltage output range of the battery simulation circuit is reduced.

The utility model provides a waste calcium carbide remelting and upgrading conveying device, which belongs to the technical field of conveying devices, and comprises a crushing chamber, a rotator arranged in the crushing chamber, two first rotating shafts rotationally connected in the rotator, two crushers fixedly connected to the lower ends of the two first rotating shafts, and two second rotating shafts rotationally connected in the two crushers. The two first gears are fixedly connected to the circumferential surfaces of the two first rotating shafts, the gear ring is fixedly connected to the interior of the crushing chamber, and the first gears are meshed with the gear ring. Meanwhile, powder calcium carbide directly reaches the furnace bottom through the inside of the electrode and does not make contact with a furnace charge layer, current shunting is eradicated, waste products are directly added to the furnace bottom after being powdered and can be rapidly reacted and fused with semi-finished product calcium carbide, and electric energy consumption is greatly reduced.

The application discloses a kind of coal powder bin system for optimizing boiler start-stop and its use method, the coal powder bin system, including A powder bin, B powder bin, carbon dioxide supply device and control unit, the A powder bin and B powder bin are equipped with powdering unit and powder feeding unit, A powder bin and B powder bin are communicated with carbon dioxide supply device, A powder bin is equipped with pressure sensor and temperature sensor, the control unit is electrically connected with carbon dioxide supply device, powdering unit, powder feeding unit, pressure sensor and temperature sensor respectively.The coal powder bin system and its use method of the application are used, while the efficiency of boiler start-stop is considered, the fuel and electric energy consumption of boiler start-stop are saved.

The invention discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly power distribution cabinet with a heat dissipation function, particularly relates to the technical field of power distribution cabinets, and is mainly characterized in that a guide frame plate is connected to the top end of a power distribution cabinet body and is welded and fixed, an adjusting screw rod is located in the guide frame plate and is rotationally connected through a bearing, and an expansion heat dissipation mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the adjusting screw rod; the expansion heat dissipation mechanism comprises two threaded sleeve blocks arranged on the outer wall of the adjusting screw rod. According to the invention, the expansion heat dissipation mechanism is adopted to start the output end of the adjusting gear motor, so that the adjusting screw rod rotates in the guide frame plate, the distance between the two threaded sleeve blocks is increased, and the side space between the expansion heat dissipation fins and the power distribution cabinet body is increased; the diffused heat in the power distribution cabinet body can be discharged from five surfaces through the rectangular spaces on the two sides, the heat dissipation effect is better, continuous electric energy consumption is not needed, and the environmental protection and energy saving performance is effectively improved.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat dissipation of electronic equipment, and relates to a heat dissipation device of a modular electronic case. Comprising a cooling fan, a cover plate and a flow guide blocking structure. Symmetrically-distributed sliding grooves are formed in the flow guide blocking structure in the length direction, and the air volume adjusting mechanism is arranged on the sliding grooves and comprises a sliding block, an overturning plate and a vertical strip. The turnover plate is connected with the vertical strip through a hinge, clamping rods are arranged on the two sides of the vertical strip respectively and matched with round holes in the sliding blocks, the two sliding blocks correspond to sliding grooves in the flow guide blocking structure respectively, a containing groove is formed in the vertical strip, an arc-shaped strip is arranged on the turnover plate, and when the turnover plate rotates, the arc-shaped strip stretches into the containing groove. An extrusion screw rod penetrates through a through hole in the arc-shaped strip and then extrudes the blocking frame, and the rotation angle of the overturning plate is fixed; the heat dissipation fan is installed on the cover plate, and the cover plate covers the flow guide blocking structure to form the heat dissipation device. The flow direction of the gas is guided, the utilization efficiency of the gas is improved, the operation load of the fan can be reduced, and electric energy consumption is reduced.

The invention provides a power distribution network electric energy metering method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the voltage and current space-time distribution data of a key node of a power distribution network, and carrying out the space-time scanning to obtain space-time scanning data; obtaining electric energy data and an electric energy quality health index based on the data; using a convolutional neural network to identify an electric energy abnormal mode in real time according to the electric energy data, and generating a fault positioning report; generating a dynamic verification parameter through a self-evolution verification protocol according to the power quality health index and the fault positioning report; the metering strategy is adjusted accordingly; and executing electric energy metering according to the adjusted strategy, calculating electric energy consumption data of the power distribution network in real time, and generating a metering report. The verification parameters linked with the regional electric energy quality state are dynamically generated through the self-evolution verification protocol, adaptive adjustment of the key node data acquisition frequency is achieved, namely, the high-quality electric energy region downsampling frequency and the poor-quality region upsampling density are achieved, and the electric energy metering precision, adaptability and the intelligent level are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of bus ducts, discloses a low-impedance optimization and heat dissipation management system for a high-frequency large-current bus duct, and solves the problems that the resistance of the existing bus duct is too large, the electric energy loss is serious during high-frequency large-current transmission, the heat dissipation position is fixed, the length span of the bus duct is large, and heat cannot be quickly conducted out. The bus duct comprises a bus duct shell, a temperature sensor is integrated in the bus duct shell, an equipment shell is fixedly installed on the top of the bus duct shell, a protection box is fixedly installed on the rear portion of the bus duct shell, a servo motor is fixedly installed at the inner bottom of the protection box, and a supporting frame is fixedly installed on the upper portion of the protection box and located on the rear portion of the bus duct shell; the resistance of the bus duct is small, the electric energy loss is low, high-frequency large-current transmission is met, the heat dissipation position can be movably adjusted, heat of each section in the bus duct is uniformly discharged, local overheating damage is avoided, and the operation stability and safety of the bus duct are guaranteed.

The utility model discloses an abrasive dust collecting device for a brake pad grinding machine, which comprises a supporting frame, a feeding device is arranged on a transverse vertical plate of the supporting frame in a sliding mode, and a rotating grinding wheel is arranged on a longitudinal vertical plate of the supporting frame through a rotating shaft rod. One end of the rotating shaft rod fixedly penetrates through the longitudinal vertical plate through a bearing to be communicated with an abrasive dust collecting bag, the other end of the rotating shaft rod is suspended, and the rotating shaft rod rotates through a transmission device fixed to the longitudinal vertical plate. And the interior of the rotating shaft rod is hollow, fan blades are fixedly arranged in the rotating shaft rod, and when the rotating shaft rod rotates, the rotating shaft rod drives the rotating grinding wheel to rotationally grind the brake pads in the feeding device, meanwhile, the fan blades are driven to rotate, and abrasive dust outside the rotating shaft rod is extracted into the abrasive dust collecting bag to be collected. The device is simple in principle, only one driving source is arranged in the whole operation process, in the long-time use process, electric energy consumption can be greatly reduced, and the device is more environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic chemical engineering control, and discloses an energy management intelligent control method for preparing electronic-grade hydrofluoric acid. The method comprises the steps that historical energy parameters, production quality data and the current production state of the preparation process are obtained, the historical energy parameters comprise electric energy consumption, steam consumption, cooling water flow and reaction kettle temperature, and the production quality data comprise product purity, metal ion content, particulate matter number and output rate. And establishing a multi-modal energy efficiency model according to the data, wherein the model comprises a plurality of efficient production points corresponding to different energy parameter combinations. And then, the current production state is positioned, a nearest optimal efficient production point is determined, an energy efficiency situation field is established, an energy efficiency gradient is calculated, a progressive regulation and control path is constructed based on the gradient to generate a staged energy regulation and control instruction, and finally, the staged energy regulation and control instruction is sent to energy control equipment. The method realizes dynamic and accurate regulation and control of energy, optimizes energy utilization, guarantees product quality, and is suitable for large-scale production of electronic-grade hydrofluoric acid.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of gas filling, and particularly relates to a drying device for detecting a gas cylinder by utilizing waste nitrogen of an air separation device, which comprises the air separation device, a heater and a drying box, a waste nitrogen outlet of the air separation device is connected with the drying box through a pipeline via the heater, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the top of the drying box, and an exhaust fan is arranged on the exhaust pipe. Bottle drying stations are arranged in the drying box, one bottle drying station is correspondingly provided with one nitrogen pipe, and each nitrogen pipe is provided with an angle valve. The temperature controller is respectively connected with the heater and a thermometer arranged at an outlet of the heater; the controller is respectively connected with the alarm, the induced draft fan and the exhaust fan, the alarm is arranged in the drying workshop, and the induced draft fan is arranged on the wall of the drying workshop. The device has the beneficial effects that waste nitrogen discharged by the air separation device is fully utilized, and moisture in the inspection gas cylinder is heated, purged and dried by virtue of the heater and the drying box, so that the waste nitrogen is recycled, and the labor intensity of personnel is reduced; and high electric energy consumption in the gas replacement process is saved.

The application discloses a correction method for electric energy consumption of a lighting system in a unit overall performance test, which comprises the following steps: A, dividing the power design value of the lighting system of the whole plant according to regions and public properties and listing them before the test; B, confirming the intermittence coefficient of each region lighting system and the public coefficient; C, obtaining the electric energy consumption design value of the lighting system of the whole plant; D, checking the lighting system of the whole plant by an operator and a witness during the test, and counting the operation state of each region lighting system; E, obtaining the theoretical actual value of the electric energy consumption of the lighting system of the whole plant; F, obtaining the total correction amount of the electric energy consumption of the lighting system in the unit overall performance test; and G, the total correction amount of the electric energy consumption of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment calculated according to steps A to F can reflect the electric energy consumption value of the system under the design condition. The correction method provided by the method can correct the factors influencing the electric energy consumption of the lighting system to the design condition, and is helpful for comparing the test result of the thermal power unit overall performance with the design guarantee value.

The present invention provides an electrochemical apparatus (300a) comprising an electrolytic cell (100) for producing an electrolysis product (50, 60) and a reaction vessel (200) for consuming at least some of the electrolysis product (50, 60) as a reagent in an exothermic chemical reaction. The electrolytic cell (100) comprises an electrochemical device, itself comprising an electrode (10) and a conduit (20). The electrode (10), which is configured as an electrode (10, 70) of the electrolytic cell (100), has a first part for immersion in an electrolyte, a second part for making electrical contact with a current-carrying conductor, and a third part between the first and second parts for making thermal contact with a heat transfer fluid (HTF). The conduit (20) is arranged to bring the heat transfer fluid (HTF) into thermal contact with the third part of the electrode (10). The electrode (10) is made of carbon, which has reduced electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity at temperatures above ambient. Therefore, if the third part of the electrode (10) is heated by means of the HTF, its electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity are reduced. The former enables more efficient flow of electrical current between the first and second parts of the electrode and therefore reduces the total internal resistance of the electrolytic cell (100). The latter reduces the flow of heat between the first and second parts of the electrode (10) and therefore helps to prevent heat loss from the electrolytic cell (100) via the electrode (10) to the current-carrying conductor. Both effects make the electrolytic cell (100) more energy efficient. The apparatus (300a) further comprises a product transfer pathway (110) arranged to transfer the electrolysis product (50, 60) from the electrolytic cell (100) to the reaction vessel (200), and a first heat exchanger (210) arranged to transfer heat (Q) from the reaction vessel (200) to the heat transfer fluid (HTF) in the conduit (20). The electrochemical device may therefore be used to inject waste heat from the exothermic chemical reaction into the electrolytic cell (100). This reduces the electrical power consumption of the electrolytic cell and also makes the combination of the electrolytic cell (100) with the exothermic chemical reaction supplying the heat (Q) more energy efficient overall. The invention also provides methods of operating such an electrochemical apparatus. The invention is particularly suited to producing Group 1 and Group 2 metals by electrolysis with increased energy efficiency.

The invention discloses a composite throttling static pressure gas radial bearing for a wafer thinning machine gas floating main shaft, and belongs to the technical field of static pressure gas bearings. Comprising a bearing shell, a bearing inner ring and a composite throttler which are sequentially arranged in the bearing shell in the axial direction, compression cages symmetrically arranged on the two axial outer side end faces of the bearing shell, and elastic rings, grading rings and pre-tightening compression rings which are arranged between the bearing shell and the interiors of the compression cages. The compression cage comprises a compression cage outer ring, a compression cage inner ring, a compression ring axially arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a plurality of elastic compression structures evenly connected between the compression ring and the compression cage outer ring and the compression cage inner ring in the circumferential direction. By designing the compression cage structure, the radial vibration motion of the bearing inner ring is converted into the axial vibration of the pre-tightening compression ring, then the strain energy of the elastic ring is converted into electric energy consumption, piezoelectric shunt damping is provided for the bearing, the vibration amplitude of the bearing inner ring is reduced, and the stability of the static pressure gas radial bearing is effectively improved.