160 results about "Intermediate energy" patented technology

One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for calibrating a lighting control system. The lighting control system is a daylight-harvesting system that controls the output of the lighting system based on available daylight and / or other light sources to reduce energy usage while providing lighting for an area. The lighting system includes multi-level lighting capabilities for one or more light sources. First, the system measures the light levels for the area when the lighting system: is turned on at a high energy-level; is turned on at an intermediate energy-level; and is turned off. The system determines from these measured light levels the light output of the lighting system in the different states. Then, during operation, the system measures a present light level for the area. The system then adjusts the light output of the lighting system for the area based on a lighting control parameter (e.g an on set-point and an off set-point pair), the present light output of the lighting system, and the present light level for the area.

A DC / AC converter is disclosed having two DC voltage connections (1,2), between which are provided in a parallel circuit configuration, an intermediate energy storage (C1) and a bridge circuit providing at least two parallel branches, each branch providing two in-series-connected switch units (A,B and C,D), to each of which a rectifier diode (DA,DB,DC DD) is connected in parallel, and having at least two AC connections, of which each single AC connection is connected via a connecting line, in each of which an inductor (L1 respectively L2) is provided, to one of the parallel branches of the bridge circuit between two the switch units (A,B respectively C,D) via one connecting node. In at least two connecting lines, two separate electrical connecting paths are provided, in each of which a switch (E respectively F) and an in-series-switched rectifier diode (DE respectively DF) are provided. The rectifier diodes (DE,DF) in the single connecting paths are switched in an opposite conducting direction.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for calibrating a lighting control system. The lighting control system is a daylight-harvesting system that controls the output of the lighting system based on available daylight and / or other light sources to reduce energy usage while providing lighting for an area. The lighting system includes multi-level lighting capabilities for one or more light sources. First, the system measures the light levels for the area when the lighting system: is turned on at a high energy-level; is turned on at an intermediate energy-level; and is turned off. The system determines from these measured light levels the light output of the lighting system in the different states. Then, during operation, the system measures a present light level for the area. The system then adjusts the light output of the lighting system for the area based on a lighting control parameter (e.g an on set-point and an off set-point pair), the present light output of the lighting system, and the present light level for the area.

An energy management system for a transport device, in particular for a motor vehicle running on fuel and electricity, includes an energy source, an intermediate energy store and an electric energy consumer, in particular an electric drive. Control and / or regulation of the provision of energy, which is dependent on information relating to future energy requirements and supplied by means of at least one part of the transport device, can be carried out by the energy management system by means of the intermediate energy store and / or the energy requirements.

A double hetero structure light-emitting diode device includes an active layer (6), a positive-electrode-side cladding layer, a negative-electrode-side cladding layer (4), a window layer (9) and an undoped AlInP layer. The positive-electrode-side cladding layer includes an undoped AlInP layer (7) grown to have a thickness of 0.5 μm and an intermediate layer (8) doped to assume p-type conductivity and having an intermediate energy band gap value between that of the undoped AlInP layer and that of the window layer. The window layer on the intermediate layer is a GaP layer grown at 730° C. or higher and at a growth rate of 7.8 μm / hour or more in the presence of Ze serving as a dopant. The negative-electrode-side cladding layer is provided with an undoped AlInP layer (5) having a thickness of 0.1 μm or more. With this configuration, there is provided a light-emitting diode device that enhances the crystallinity of a window layer, prevents generation of faults caused by a high-temperature process and attains high luminance at a wavelength falling within a yellow-green band.

To greatly increase the storage density of a storage apparatus, an electron beam E emitted from a cold cathode 101 is accelerated by an accelerating electrode 102, caused to converge by a convergence electrode 103, deflected by a deflection electrode 104 and applied to a minute region of a storage film 105. The storage film 105 includes, for example, a phase change film 105a. The film is rapidly heated and cooled to change into an amorphous state upon irradiation with an electron beam E with high energy, while being gradually cooled to change into a crystallized state upon irradiation with an electron beam E with approximately intermediate energy, thereby storing data. Upon irradiation with an electron beam E with low energy, the potential difference between a detection electrode 105b and an anode 105c is detected depending on the state, i.e., the amorphous or crystallized state, thereby reading stored data.

A DC / AC converter is disclosed having two DC voltage connections (1,2), between which are provided in a parallel circuit configuration, an intermediate energy storage (C1) and a bridge circuit providing at least two parallel branches, each branch providing two in-series-connected switch units (A,B and C,D), to each of which a rectifier diode (DA,DB,DC DD) is connected in parallel, and having at least two AC connections, of which each single AC connection is connected via a connecting line, in each of which an inductor (L1 respectively L2) is provided, to one of the parallel branches of the bridge circuit between two the switch units (A,B respectively C,D) via one connecting node. In at least two connecting lines, two separate electrical connecting paths are provided, in each of which a switch (E respectively F) and an in-series-switched rectifier diode (DE respectively DF) are provided. The rectifier diodes (DE,DF) in the single connecting paths are switched in an opposite conducting direction.

The invention relates to a beam extraction method for an intermediate energy superconducting proton cyclotron. The fundamental harmonic procession is introduced in the method to increase the distance of an extraction ring, on the basis that two electrostatic deflection plates extract a beam, a plurality of passive magnetic channels are arranged on a beam track with the combination of the characteristic of the superconducting cyclotron, so that a beam phase space on an extraction path is matched through a mode like beam line design, then the beam loss after deflecting the plate is reduced to the greatest extent, and the final extraction efficiency can be 80% or above.

The invention discloses a medical proton linear accelerator. The medical proton linear accelerator comprises an ECR ion source, an RFQ accelerator, an SDTL and a traveling wave proton accelerator which are connected in sequence; a separated type drift tube linear accelerator, namely SDTL, is adopted in an intermediate energy acceleration section; the traveling wave proton accelerator is adopted in a high energy acceleration section, so that the medical proton linear accelerator is more compact in structure and smaller in occupied space; the energy of the emitted proton beams can be continuously adjustable within a rang of 70-250MeV, so that the requirement of adjusting energy of different beams in a patient body due to different tumor positions in tumor treatment can be satisfied; in addition, the SDTL and the traveling wave proton accelerator both adopt a structure which is formed by multiple sections connected in sequence, and can be constructed in different periods and different stages, so as to satisfy requirement on proton energy of different hospitals; and energy upgrading also can be performed according to treatment demands in post periods.

The invention aims at providing a compensation type neutron dose instrument which comprises a packaging layer, a slowing-down sphere body and a heavy metal layer, wherein the slowing-down sphere body is arranged in the packaging layer, a neutron fission multiplication layer is arranged between the slowing-down sphere body and the packaging layer, the heavy metal layer is arranged in the slowing-down sphere body, a counter is arranged in the heavy metal layer, and an air rod is arranged in the slowing-down sphere body along a radial direction. According to the invention, neutron fluence response in a heat energy region can be improved, the neutron fluence response in an intermediate energy region can be correspondingly reduced, and accompanying Gamma rays in a neutron radiation field can be shielded.

Method of controlling a voltage controlled PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) frequency converter comprising a single phase rectifier bridge (10) connectable to a sinusoidal single phase supply, a DC intermediate circuit (11) and a controlled inverter bridge (12) for generating an AC output voltage with varying amplitude and frequency to a load, said inverter bridge (12) having PWM controlled semiconductor switches (V11–V16) and flywheel diodes (D11–D16) connected in inverse-parallel with the semiconductor switches, wherein the DC intermediate circuit (11) is provided with a DC capacitor unit, and wherein the frequency converter is controlled so that the supply line current (Iin) is essentially sinusoidal and in phase with the supply line voltage (Uin). The inverter bridge is controlled so that the curve of filtered average current (Idc) in the DC intermediate circuit follows essentially the curve of the rectified AC supply voltage (Udc), the rectifier bridge is (10) connected to the inverter bridge (12) directly without a DC capacitor unit acting as an intermediate energy storage, and the curve of the power fed to the load has essentially the form sin2(2πft) (f=line frequency t=time).

The invention discloses a topological structure of a two-phase interleaved converter based on coupled inductors and belongs to the technical field of the power and electron technology. The two-phase interleaved converter based on the coupled inductors comprises a direct-current input source, two power switch tubes, the two coupled inductors with two windings, three one-way rectifier diodes, an output diode, a clamping capacitor, two intermediate energy-storage capacitors and an output filter capacitor. According to the two-phase interleaved converter based on the coupled inductors, the boosting capacity is high, output with a higher step-up ratio can be achieved, and stress of the peak voltage of the power switch tubes and stress of the peak voltage of the diodes are reduced to a certain extent; meanwhile, zero-current switching-on of the power switch tubes and turning-off the diodes are achieved through the leakage inductance of the coupled inductors, in this way, the conversion efficiency of a whole conversion circuit is improved, and input current ripples are reduced due to the adoption of a two-phase interleaved control method.

An overvoltage protection system for the intermediate circuit of frequency converter, said frequency converter being a voltage-controlled PWM-frequency converter comprising an uncontrolled mains bridge (10) to be connected to an alternating-current source (UL1, UL2, UL3), a direct-voltage intermediate circuit and a controlled load bridge (12) for producing a multi-phase alternating voltage (UU, UV, UW) of variable frequency, wherein the direct-voltage circuit of the frequency converter contains a low-capacitance direct-voltage capacitor, the mains bridge (10) being connected to the load bridge (12) directly without a high-capacitance direct-voltage capacitor serving as an intermediate energy storage, and which overvoltage protection system contains a varistor (R1). The overvoltage protection system consists of a series connection of the varistor (R1) and a semiconductor switch (V1), said series connection being connected in parallel with the direct-voltage capacitor, which semiconductor switch has a voltage rating lower than the normal operating level of the direct-voltage intermediate circuit.

A method and apparatus for amplifying audio signals without exceeding an input current limit budgeted for the audio power amplifier circuit includes an intermediate energy storage between a battery and the audio power amplifier which provides an energy reserve to support amplifying peaks where the peaks have a peak power that is greater than the power that can be drawn from the battery due to the input current limit. Speech signals, which include substantial periodic content having short peaks relative to a pitch period, can be amplified without depleting the intermediate energy storage, allowing the intermediate energy storage to recover after a peak and before occurrence of a next peak. When an audio signal is amplified that results in depletion of the intermediate energy storage, a depletion recovery circuit reduces the overall audio gain to reduce the power demand of the audio power amplifier so as to substantially avoid distortion.

The invention relates to a three-energy coal ash content online monitoring device which comprises a low-energy gamma source Am241, an intermediate-energy gamma source Cs137, and a lanthanum bromide detector for receiving the low-energy and intermediate-energy gamma rays, wherein gamma photons emitted by the low-energy gamma source Am241 and the intermediate-energy gamma source Cs137 irradiates the coal sample in a sample container; the output terminal of the lanthanum bromide detector is connected with the input terminal of a multi-channel data analysis spectrometer; the collected gamma energy spectrum information and the characteristic X-ray spectrum information are transmitted to a data processing and spectrum unscrambling system; and the data processing and spectrum unscrambling system is used for processing the data. The three-energy coal ash content online monitoring device can be used for coal sampling and automatic rapid detection of as-received coal vehicles without bypass belts, and can be mounted and detected only by slightly changing the structure of the rear end of the sample container.

The invention discloses a gradient type macromolecule-based neutron absorption grid tray material which comprises a fast neutron slow absorption layer, an intermediate energy neutron absorption layer and a heat neutron absorption layer, wherein the three absorption layers are formed by gradient lamination; a neutron absorption body material doped in the fast neutron slow absorption layer is a lithium fluoride, lithium hydride or boron carbide absorption body material; a neutron absorption body material doped in the intermediate energy neutron absorption layer is a samarium oxide neutron absorption body material; a neutron absorption body material doped in the heat neutron absorption layer is a gadolinium oxide or cadmium oxide neutron absorption body material. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the gradient type macromolecule-based neutron absorption grid tray material. The gradient type macromolecule-based neutron absorption grid tray material has the characteristics of high absorption efficiency, long service life, high mechanical property, simple technology and the like, has a certain absorption effect on gamma photons, can be used for spent fuel storage and neutron sources of other types and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a fluorescent layer, a preparation method thereof, and an application of the fluorescent layer in nuclear batteries. A fluorescent powder layer is arranged on a glass substrate by a physical sedimentation method. The fluorescent layer is used in a nuclear battery structure and arranged between a radiation source and a photovoltaic semiconductor assembly. The fluorescent layer is used as an intermediate energy conversion medium from radiation energy to electric energy. Radiation damage of the radiation source to the photovoltaic semiconductor assembly is effectively isolated, the service life of the nuclear battery is prolonged, and the problem that a semiconductor in a radiation voltaic effect nuclear battery is easily damaged by radiation is solved. A Beta radiation source, the fluorescent layer and a photovoltaic assembly are combined into a whole by a laminated arrangement mode. The structure is compact. The effective action area can be increased. The output power of the battery can be improved. The nuclear battery has high mobility and good safety performance, and is applicable to electronic devices like monitors, signal receivers and micro controllers.

A solar cell of the present invention comprises a p-type semiconductor layer, an n-type semiconductor layer and a superlattice semiconductor layer sandwiched between the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer, wherein the superlattice semiconductor layer has a superlattice structure in which barrier layers and quantum layers are stacked alternately and repeatedly, and has two or more intermediate energy levels where electrons optically excited from a valence band of the quantum layers or the barrier layers stay for a constant time, the intermediate energy levels being located between a top of the valence band of the barrier layers and a bottom of a conduction band of the barrier layers, and can achieve a high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency.

A lightweight neutron remmeter for measuring neutron equivalent dose with a response range from the thermal energy levels to around 14 MeV is achieved using a center BF3 proportional neutron detector moderated by enclosure within a cylindrical center tube and two adjacent BF3 proportional neutron detectors. A cylindrical hydrogenous material covered by a boron loaded rubber wrap moderates the center detector within the center tube. The adjacent neutron detectors are uncovered. In this manner the center detector responds to fast neutrons and the over response to thermal and intermediate energy neutrons is corrected by the adjacent neutron detectors readings and an algorithm implemented by a RADIAC.

The invention discloses a high-gain boost converter with an inductance-capacitance switching network, which comprises a power switching tube, two Boost power inductors, an intermediate energy storage capacitor and three rectifying diodes. The invention realizes output boosting by using the intrinsic characteristic of an LC (Latching Controller) switching network and can achieve high-gain of output voltage by combining with a Boost converter.

The invention belongs to magnetic field measurement technology of cyclothros, in particular to a high-precision method of magnetic field measurement for a compact intermediate energy cyclothron. According to the high-precision method of the magnetic field measurement for the compact intermediate energy cyclothron, the positioning of a measurement point adopts a positioning mode which combines circumferential movement with radial movement, the circumferential movement is driven by a stepper motor, the radial movement is driven by servo motor, a control algorithm adopts a mode which combinines a greedy algorithm with an optimal algorithm, and therefore computing requirements of measurement precision can be met. The high-precision method of the magnetic field measurement for the compact intermediate energy cyclothron solves the problems of long time and low precision of the intermediate energy cyclothron magnetic field measurement and can complete magnetic field high-precision measurement work in shorter time.

The invention discloses a double-switch magnetoresistive motor system based on synchronous drive. The system comprises a power convertor, a direct-current power supply, a position detector, a controller, a main switch magnetoresistive motor and a sub switch magnetoresistive motor, wherein the position detector is used for detecting and acquiring position state information of a rotor of the main switch magnetoresistive motor; the controller is used for constructing and generating a group of driving signals according to the position state information so as to control the power convertor; and the power convertor is used for controlling the connection and the disconnection of each stator winding of the two switch magnetoresistive motors according to the driving signals. The synchronous drive of the two motors can be realized through only one set of power convertor, the main and sub motors synchronously run naturally, and net balance is not caused between the two motors. The power convertor is of the simplest structure, and only one switch tube and only one freewheel diode are required for each phase. When the main motor is in a power generation state and the sub motor is in an electric state, the sub motor can be directly driven without additional intermediate energy decoupling device and power convertor.

The invention describes a capillary optical element with a complex structure of capillaries and a method for its manufacture. To achieve uniform transmission, for example, a lens can be used as a capillary optical element which has a complex structure with channels of different diameter. The channels with the smaller diameter operate effectively at higher energies, channels with intermediate diameters are intended for an intermediate energy range, whereas channels with a large diameter are used in a low energy range. A lens can consist, for example, of three zones: channels with small diameter are used in the central zone, channels with intermediate diameters are used in the intermediate annular zone, and the peripheral zone has channels of large diameters. The number of zones can arbitrary. In addition, a technical process for manufacturing the complex capillary structures is described.

The invention relates to the technical field of ionization radiation testing, and provides a double-channel counting system and a measurement method of a dose equivalent in a high dose condition, so as to solve the problem of the measurement of the dose equivalent in the high dose condition. The measurement method mainly comprises the following steps: initializing the double-channel counting system; respectively performing measurement on an intermediate energy radiation field and a high energy radiation field; performing linear fitting on measured values obtained in various conditions, so as to obtain an interpolation equation. Through the adoption of the technical scheme, the correction of both the counting lineation and energy response of a semiconductor detector is realized within a certain radiation field average effective energy range.

The invention describes a capillary optical element with a complex structure of capillaries and a method for its manufacture. To achieve uniform transmission, for example, a lens can be used as a capillary optical element which has a complex structure with channels of different diameter. The channels with the smaller diameter operate effectively at higher energies, channels with intermediate diameters are intended for an intermediate energy range, whereas channels with a large diameter are used in a low energy range. A lens can consist, for example, of three zones: channels with small diameter are used in the central zone, channels with intermediate diameters are used in the intermediate annular zone, and the peripheral zone has channels of large diameters. The number of zones can arbitrary. In addition, a technical process for manufacturing the complex capillary structures is described.

The invention discloses a GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) experiment device of a steep-front impulse voltage field. The device comprises an oil-immersed impulse voltage generator, an intermediate energy storage peak oil line, a sharpening clearance unit, a connecting bus and a transmission line, wherein the oil-immersed impulse voltage generator is connected with the first port of the sharpening clearance unit through the intermediate energy storage peak oil line, and the second port of the sharpening clearance unit is connected with the first port of the transmission line through the connecting bus; the second port of the transmission line is connected with a gas insulated switchgear to supply a steep-front impulse voltage generated by the GIS experiment device of the steep-front impulse voltage field to the gas insulated switchgear; and the level height difference between the first port and the second port of the transmission line can be adjusted. The GIS experiment device adopts an integral and compact structural style to be convenient to transport, effectively avoids external disturbance and reduces the experimental cost. Meanwhile, the height difference of the GIS experiment device of the steep-front impulse voltage field and GIS equipment can be adjusted, and the GIS experiment device is very convenient for field installation.

The invention discloses a color-changeable OLED device and a preparation method therefor. The color-changeable OLED device comprises ITO glass, wherein a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a first ultra-thin light emitting layer, an intermediate energy transfer regulation and control layer, a second ultra-thin light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a negative electrode are adhered to the ITO glass from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the first ultra-thin light emitting layer and the second ultra-thin light emitting layer are light emitting materials with different colors; and the intermediate energy transfer regulation and control layer is an main body organic material. The color-changeable OLED device provided by the invention adopts two kinds of ultra-thin light emitting bodies, and is prepared by a physical vapor deposition method; the prepared OLED device can realize wide adjustable color gamut range; and in addition, the OLED device has the characteristics of high efficiency, low roll-off and low cut-in voltage.

The invention provides an energy management circuit and an energy management method for a triboelectric nanogenerator. The energy management circuit comprises a pulse current control switch, an intermediate energy storage element, and a target energy storage element. The pulse current control switch is used for instantaneously turning on, after induced electrostatic charge is generated between twoelectrode layers of a triboelectric nanogenerator due to the movement of two relative motion parts of the triboelectric nanogenerator, the two electrode layers to generate instantaneous pulse current. The intermediate energy storage element is used for storing electric energy of the instantaneous pulse current. The target energy storage element is used for storing electric energy of the intermediate energy storage element. The configuration of the pulse current control switch overcomes the shortcoming of low output current of the triboelectric nanogenerator, so that large instantaneous pulsecurrent can be output, and instantaneous output power is enhanced. Efficient energy storage of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is implemented by introducing an element having an inductive reactance characteristic as an intermediary for energy conversion and storage processes.

The invention belongs to the field of irradiation protective material and in particular relates to a neutron irradiation protective clothing material and a preparation method for the same. The technical scheme is that the neutron irradiation protective clothing material is characterized by at least comprising five layers of filler non-woven fabric with various functions; the outmost layer (1) is a non-woven fabric containing heavy metal; the second layer (2) is a non-woven fabric without fillers; the third layer (3) is a filler non-woven fabric with boron; the fourth layer (4) is a filler non-woven fabric with high boron content; and the innermost layer (5) is a filler non-woven fabric with lead. During the use, the five layers are orderly overlapped and sewed together. Each functional layer is prepared according to the following steps of (a) melt-blowing, (b) spraying and (c) composing. The neutron irradiation protective clothing material has shielding functions for intermediate energy neutrons, thermal neutrons, X and Gamma rays; the fabric is soft, comfortable to wear and has high shielding efficiency; and the production technology is simple, production efficiency is high and production cost is low.

A method and apparatus for amplifying audio signals without exceeding an input current limit budgeted for the audio power amplifier circuit includes an intermediate energy storage between a battery and the audio power amplifier which provides an energy reserve to support amplifying peaks where the peaks have a peak power that is greater than the power that can be drawn from the battery due to the input current limit. Speech signals, which include substantial periodic content having short peaks relative to a pitch period, can be amplified without depleting the intermediate energy storage, allowing the intermediate energy storage to recover after a peak and before occurrence of a next peak. When an audio signal is amplified that results in depletion of the intermediate energy storage, a depletion recovery circuit reduces the overall audio gain to reduce the power demand of the audio power amplifier so as to substantially avoid distortion.