The invention discloses a sensor for temperature and heat-flow measuring under a high temperature environment. The sensor comprises a protection case body and measurement assemblies. The two sets of measurement assemblies are arranged on a fixation base, which is arranged on the front end face of the protection case body, in the same way; a cooling jacket in each measurement assembly is arranged in a through-hole of the fixation base; and an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which are internally and externally sleeve-connected, are arranged in the cooling jacket. Measurement columns, each of which is externally coated with a heat-insulation inner sleeve and a heat-insulation outer sleeve respectively, are fixedly arranged on the front end face of the fixation base; and the middle part of each measurement column is connected with an electric heating terminal of one thermocouple and the real part of each measurement column is connected with an electric heating terminal of one thermocouple. The sensor for temperature and heat-flow measuring is formed through the said structure; through double thermopiles, heat-flow, that reaches the end faces of the measurement columns, can be measured, besides, temperature of gas or solid that is contacted with the end faces of the measurement columns can be measured; the sensor, which can work under the high temperature environment, with the highest working temperature up to 1300 DEG C, can realize a two-parameter measurement of the temperature and the heat-flow.