Gasification process for producing synthesis gas from garbage and biomass raw materials

Abstract

The invention provides a gasification process for producing synthesis gas from garbage and biomass raw materials, which relates to a gasification processing technique of garbage and biomasses. The gasification process is characterized in that the technological process mainly comprises a raw material solid matter process, a gas phase circulation loop, a calcium oxide circulation loop and a synthesis gas drawing process; one or a mixture of more garbage, the biomasses and coal is sent into a gasification furnace to perform gasification so as to generate the synthesis gas; and simultaneously, calcium oxide is sent into the gasification furnace, an exothermic reaction of absorbing carbon dioxide by the calcium oxide provides the heat required by the gasification reaction in the furnace, and water vapor is sent into a plasma spraying gun and is heated to more than 3,100 DEG C to generate H2, O, O2 and H2O<*> which are sprayed into the gasification furnace to perform reactions with the garbage and the biomasses and supply heat into the furnace. The gasification process adopts a measure to spray the calcium oxide into the furnace to not only greatly reduce the electric energy consumption of the plasma spraying gun, but also improve the quality and the yield of the synthesis gas, thus the aim of transforming the garbage and the biomasses into clean energy can be achieved easily.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to the treatment technology of garbage and biomass, in particular to the gasification technology of garbage and biomass. Background technique [0002] At present, energy is in short supply, environmental protection is grim, and garbage is flooding. With the development of my country's national economy and the continuous expansion of urban scale, garbage is increasing rapidly, and its content of harmful components is getting higher and higher. If it is not handled properly, it will pollute the environment and threaten people's health. This will not only restrict The progress of the society also affects the sustainable development of the national economy. At present, China's treatment of municipal solid waste mainly includes sanitary landfill technology, composting (biochemical) technology and incineration technology. Most areas use sanitary landfill to treat municipal solid waste, which not only takes up a lot of land, wastes resou...

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Problems solved by technology

At present, China's treatment of municipal solid waste mainly includes sanitary landfill technology, composting (biochemical) technology and incineration technology. Most areas use sanitary landfill to treat municipal solid waste, which not only takes up a lot of land, wastes resources, but also easily pollutes Land and groundwater; the composting method only uses about 40% of organic matter, and the content of heavy metals in composting products must be strictly controlled to prevent polluted soil and crops entering the food chain. There is a problem with the sale of composting products, and supporting incineration process equipment, The supporting flue gas purification system also needs to be matched with a sanitary landfill, which also has hidden dangers of secondary pollution; using the incineration power generation method to deal with urban domestic waste can achieve reduction and recycling of domestic waste, but incineration The main goal pursued by the domestic waste disposal method is to fully burn the waste in the incinerator, followed by energy recovery. Since the waste incineration flue gas has a large water content and a high concentration of hydrogen chloride, it is highly corrosive to materials. The heat energy recovery device cannot be installed in the strong radiation area, which will affect the heat energy recovery. Therefore, the waste incineration power generation has the following disadvantages: 1. The main goal is to treat waste, and the energy utilization rate is only about 20%; 2. Flue gas, carbon dioxide The amount of emissions is large, and the pollutants in the flue gas include dust, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carcinogenic and highly toxic substances (dioxins, furans), heavy metals (mercury, lead, chromium, etc.), although there is flue gas Purification system, but it is difficult to completely eliminate, especially the discharge of dioxins and furans exceeding the standard. At present, there is still a lack of technically reliable NO x 3. Waste incineration power plants can only be built in economically developed large cities, and the amount of waste resources in small and medium-sized cities is not suitable for building waste-to-energy plants, so they cannot be widely used

However, the waste of agricultural and forestry surplus materials in our country is astonishing. Except for a small part of rural areas that are used to ferment and produce biogas, most of them are directly burned, landfilled, and rotted.

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