The invention discloses a garbage classification method, device and system based on image identification. The method includes the steps of S1, pre-processing a garbage picture to be identified to obtain a picture to be segmented; S21, segmenting the picture to be segmented to obtain a plurality of sub pictures; S22, acquiring feature information of each sub picture, judging whether the feature information belongs to a preset threshold range, if so, judging the corresponding sub picture as a segmented picture, and if not, performing S23; S23, further segmenting the segmented picture for each sub picture; S3, normalizing the size of each segmented picture into a preset size; and S4, acquiring feature vectors of the segmented pictures, and judging the category of the segmented pictures according to the feature vectors and standard templates in a standard template library. The invention is advantageous in that garbage identification can be quickly performed through the image identification technique, people are assisted in quick garbage classification in daily life, and the workload for secondary garbage sorting is reduced.