The invention discloses a geographic coding method, which comprises the steps that a, the coding precision is determined according to the preset inquiring range; b, the ith division is carried out, the earth surface is divided into a plurality of sub regions, in addition, the numbering is carried out, and each sub region is continuously subjected to number division until each divided region is relevant to the coding precision; c, the fall corresponding sub region number of the specified geographic position is obtained, in addition, whether the number falls in the boundary region of the corresponding sub region or not is judged, and through coding, the one-dimensional ith geographic code and the ith boundary identification are obtained; the steps b to c are repeated for N times so that any specified geographic position at least has the boundary identification of one center region; d, N geographic codes and boundary identifications are combined. The invention also discloses a position inquiring system and a position inquiring method adopting the geographic coding method. The position inquiring system and the position inquiring method are suitable for real-time and massive inquiry of any specified position in the preset inquiring range or the approximate inquiry of nearby positions without the inquiring range.