The invention relates to a computed tomography (CT) iteration reconstruction method for an asymmetrical detector. The CT iteration reconstruction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: performing air correction, nonlinear correction, crosstalk correction, defocus correction and calibration correction on raw data acquired by a computed tomography scanner to obtain projection data; judging whether the projection data is CT scan data or helical scan data, and if the projection data is the CT scan data, grouping the CT scan data; calculating a projection weight to obtain a weight matrix; performing ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) iteration orthographic and back projection according to the weight matrix; judging whether iteration ending conditions are met, if so, ending the iteration orthographic and back projection to obtain an initial CT image; and performing postprocessing on the initial CT image to obtain the reconstructed CT image. By the method, the iteration back projection reconstruction is carried out by directly using incomplete projection data, artifact can be relived, noise level difference caused by data inconsistency due to interpolation is inhibited, and the CT iteration reconstruction method is mainly suitable for less-than-four-row CT detectors.