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46results about How to "Maximizing conversion" patented technology
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Methods for making higher value products from sulfur containing crude oil
ActiveUS20060254956A1High purityLow operating pressureHydrocarbon oil crackingTreatment with hydrotreatment processesFiberHydrogen
A process for upgrading, or refining, high sulfur containing heavy hydrocarbon crude oil to a lighter oil having a lower sulfur concentration and, hence a higher value product, is disclosed. The process includes reacting the high sulfur heavy hydrocarbon crude oil in the presence of a catalyst and low pressure hydrogen to produce a reaction product stream from which the light oil is recovered. Part of the reaction product is separated and subjected to further upgrading to produce a lower sulfur oil product for application as distillate fuels. The upgrading process also produces residual oil that is suitable for making olefins, carbon fiber or road asphalt. Catalysts utilized in the processes of the invention can include a transition metal containing compound, the metal being selected from Group V, Group VI, and Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and mixtures of these metals.
Owner:SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
Production of liquid fuels by a concatenation of processes for treatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock
ActiveUS7214720B2Maximize conversion of carbonReduce and to upgrade naphthaThermal non-catalytic crackingCatalytic crackingNaphthaKerosene
Owner:INST FR DU PETROLE +1
Production of liquid fuels by a concatenation of processes for treatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock
ActiveUS20050250862A1Maximize conversion of carbonLimit costly adjustmentThermal non-catalytic crackingCatalytic crackingSyngasChemistry
The invention relates to an installation and a process for the production of liquid fuels starting from a solid feedstock that contains the organic material in which: a) the solid feedstock is subjected to a gasification stage so as to convert said feedstock into synthesis gas, b) the synthesis gas is subjected to a purification treatment, c) the purified synthesis gas is subjected to a conversion stage that comprises the implementation of a Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis so as to convert said synthesis gas into a liquid effluent and a gaseous effluent, d) the liquid effluent is fractionated so as to obtain a gaseous fraction, a naphtha fraction, a kerosene fraction and a gas oil fraction, and e) at least a portion of the naphtha fraction is recycled in gasification stage a).
Owner:INST FR DU PETROLE +1
Method and apparatus for generating combustible synthesis gas
InactiveUS20070012229A1Maximizing conversionExtensive interactionProductsGasifier feeding meansCombustionProcess engineering
The present application discloses an apparatus for gasification of solid, liquid and gaseous organic feed materials having a fuel value into synthesis gas. The apparatus comprises: a gasification reactor vessel having a tapered interior with a minimum of four zones for introducing reaction gas mixtures, a central perforated diffuser pipe, a solid and liquid material inlet at the upper end of the uppermost zone, a solid and gas discharge outlet at the lower end of the bottom zone, wherein the reactor vessel defining a sequence of reaction zones from the material inlet to the material outlet including drying, pyrolysis, combustion and gasification zones, and confining downwardly moving the column of the feed materials within the zones, gas feed inlet pipes for introducing reaction gas into the zones, a synthesis gas discharge pipe below the zones, and a heat exchanger below the zones.
Owner:JC ENVIRO ENTERPRISES CORP
Oscillating fluid power generator
ActiveUS20070297903A1Reduce purchasing costsIncrease technical and economic viabilityEngine fuctionsWorking fluid for enginesOscillating flowEngineering
A system and method for harvesting the kinetic energy of a fluid flow for power generation with a vertically oriented, aerodynamic wing structure comprising one or more airfoil elements pivotably attached to a mast. When activated by the moving fluid stream, the wing structure oscillates back and forth, generating lift first in one direction then in the opposite direction. This oscillating movement is converted to unidirectional rotational movement in order to provide motive power to an electricity generator. Unlike other oscillating devices, this device is designed to harvest the maximum aerodynamic lift forces available for a given oscillation cycle. Because the system is not subjected to the same intense forces and stresses as turbine systems, it can be constructed less expensively, reducing the cost of electricity generation. The system can be grouped in more compact clusters, be less evident in the landscape, and present reduced risk to avian species.
Owner:MORRIS DAVID C
Solar cell and method of manufacturing the same
ActiveUS20150144183A1Improve efficiencyMaximizing conversionFinal product manufactureSemiconductor/solid-state device manufacturingBoundary regionSolar cell
A solar cell is discussed. The solar cell according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive type region and a second conductive type region disposed on the same side of the semiconductor substrate, wherein at least one of the first and second conductive type regions includes a main region and a boundary region disposed at a peripheral portion of the main region, and the boundary region has at least one of a varying doping concentration and a varying doping depth.
Owner:SHANGRAO JINKO SOLAR TECH DEV CO LTD
Methods for making higher value products from sulfur containing crude oil
ActiveUS7790018B2High purityLow operating pressureHydrocarbon oil crackingTreatment with hydrotreatment processesFiberHydrogen
A process for upgrading, or refining, high sulfur containing heavy hydrocarbon crude oil to a lighter oil having a lower sulfur concentration and, hence a higher value product, is disclosed. The process includes reacting the high sulfur heavy hydrocarbon crude oil in the presence of a catalyst and low pressure hydrogen to produce a reaction product stream from which the light oil is recovered. Part of the reaction product is separated and subjected to further upgrading to produce a lower sulfur oil product for application as distillate fuels. The upgrading process also produces residual oil that is suitable for making olefins, carbon fiber or road asphalt. Catalysts utilized in the processes of the invention can include a transition metal containing compound, the metal being selected from Group V, Group VI, and Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and mixtures of these metals.
Owner:SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
Residue conversion process that includes a deasphalting stage and a hydroconversion stage
ActiveUS20120061293A1Quality improvementReduce contentTreatment with hydrotreatment processesMetal/metal-oxides/metal-hydroxide catalystsHydrogenDistillation
Owner:INST FR DU PETROLE
Ethanol production system
ActiveUS20050260554A1Great feed valueEconomically feasibleBioreactor/fermenter combinationsBiological substance pretreatmentsChemistryEthanol
Owner:EASY ENERGY SYST INC
Optically excited atomic frequency standard
InactiveUS7378913B2Maximizing conversionRadiation pyrometryPulse automatic controlOptical radiationPolarizer
An optically-excited atomic frequency standard that subjects alkali metal atoms (111) to circularly-polarized optical radiation. The atomic frequency standard is improved by the use of a circular polarizer (202) to control the intensity of the circularly-polarized optical radiation. The circular polarizer includes a linear polarizer (203) and a quarter-wave retarder (205), with the light to be circularly polarized passing first through the linear polarizer (203) and then through the quarter-wave retarder (205). In the atomic frequency standard, the optical radiation (105) to which the circular polarizer (202) is applied is itself linearly polarized, and the intensity of the circularly polarized light produced by the circular polarizer (202) is controlled by rotating (303) the circular polarizer. The degree of rotation determines how much of the linearly-polarized optical radiation passes through the linear polarizer, and thus how much circularly-polarized light is produced.
Owner:MICROSEMI FREQUENCY & TIME
Oscillating fluid power generator
ActiveUS8657575B2Reduce purchasing costsIncrease technical and economic viabilityEngine fuctionsWorking fluid for enginesElectricityTurbine
A system and method for harvesting the kinetic energy of a fluid flow for power generation with a vertically oriented, aerodynamic wing structure comprising one or more airfoil elements pivotably attached to a mast. When activated by the moving fluid stream, the wing structure oscillates back and forth, generating lift first in one direction then in the opposite direction. This oscillating movement is converted to unidirectional rotational movement in order to provide motive power to an electricity generator. Unlike other oscillating devices, this device is designed to harvest the maximum aerodynamic lift forces available for a given oscillation cycle. Because the system is not subjected to the same intense forces and stresses as turbine systems, it can be constructed less expensively, reducing the cost of electricity generation. The system can be grouped in more compact clusters, be less evident in the landscape, and present reduced risk to avian species.
Owner:MORRIS DAVID C
Apparatus for absorbing acoustical energy and use thereof
ActiveUS8191678B2High sensitivityMaximizing conversionPiezoelectric/electrostrictive microphonesCeilingsAcoustic absorptionEngineering
An apparatus comprising a combination of a microphone and a composite acoustic panel. The composite acoustic panel comprises materials having different spectra of acoustic absorption. The materials may be integrated in a single layer or in a plurality of different layers.
Owner:SE ELECTRONICS INT
Overfire air port and furnace system
InactiveUS7047891B2Reduce the amount requiredWell mixedMaintainance of heating chambersDamper arrangementAtmospheric airEngineering
An Overfire Air (OFA) port design and method for use in a furnace system is disclosed. The OFA port design effectively reduces the amount of harmful pollutants emitted into the atmosphere upon discharge from an associated furnace.
Owner:FOSTER WHEELER NORTH AMERICA CORP
Systems and methods of achieving high brightness infrared fiber parametric amplifiers adn light sources
ActiveUS20110013268A1Minimize powerMaximizing conversionLaser detailsFibre transmissionFiber optical parametric amplifierPeak value
Fiber optic amplification in a spectrum of infrared electromagnetic radiation is achieved by creating a chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure having a radially varying pitch. A chalcogenide PCF system can be tuned during fabrication of the chalcogenide PCF structure, by controlling, the size of the core, the size of the cladding, and the hole size to pitch ratio of the chalcogenide PCF structure and tuned during exercising of the chalcogenide PCF system with pump laser and signal waves, by changing the wavelength of either the pump laser wave or the signal wave, maximization of nonlinear conversion of the chalcogenide PCF, efficient parametric conversion with low peak power pulses of continuous wave laser sources, and minimization of power penalties and minimization of the need for amplification and regeneration of pulse transmissions over the length of the fiber, based on a dispersion factor.
Owner:US GOVT REPRESENTED BY THE SEC OF THE NAVY CHIEF OF NAVAL RES ONR NRL
Method and apparatus for generating combustible synthesis gas
InactiveUS7819070B2Maximizing conversionExtensive interactionProductsGasifier feeding meansCombustionReaction zone
The present application discloses an apparatus for gasification of solid, liquid and gaseous organic feed materials having a fuel value into synthesis gas. The apparatus comprises: a gasification reactor vessel having a tapered interior with a minimum of four zones for introducing reaction gas mixtures, a central perforated diffuser pipe, a solid and liquid material inlet at the upper end of the uppermost zone, a solid and gas discharge outlet at the lower end of the bottom zone, wherein the reactor vessel defining a sequence of reaction zones from the material inlet to the material outlet including drying, pyrolysis, combustion and gasification zones, and confining downwardly moving the column of the feed materials within the zones, gas feed inlet pipes for introducing reaction gas into the zones, a synthesis gas discharge pipe below the zones, and a heat exchanger below the zones.
Owner:JC ENVIRO ENTERPRISES CORP
Process for synthesizing alkylated arylamines
InactiveUS20060276677A1Maximize high conversionMaximizing conversionAmino preparation from aminesOrganic compound preparationHydrogen halideOrganic chemistry
An improved process and novel catalyst system for alkylating arylamines generally comprising the combination of an arylamine and an alkylating agent in the presence of a trialkyl aluminum compound and a hydrogen halide. The improved process and new catalyst system allows for higher total conversion of the arylamine feedstock without sacrificing substitution product selectivity and also allows for the reaction of recycled alkylene feedstock.
Owner:ALBEMARLE CORP
Virtual electrode current injection using seismic focusing and seismoelectric conversion
InactiveUS20140104980A1Promote conversionReduce ambiguitySeismic energy generationElectricityPower flow
The present invention relates to acoustic wavefields produced using sources appropriately delayed in time and focused at known positions and times in a heterogeneous medium. Seismoelectric conversion occurs if the acoustic focus point coincides with a discontinuity in electrical and hydrological medium properties, thus generating a current density. The current generates a potential difference, which can be observed at a distance by an array of monitoring electrodes. Since the acoustic wavefield is precisely located at a position and time, this electrical source behaves like a controlled virtual electrode whose properties depend on the strength of the acoustic wavefield and on the medium properties. This procedure can be used to increase the robustness and resolutions of electrical resistivity tomography and to identify hydrological parameters at various points in the medium by scanning the medium by changing the position of the acoustic focus.
Owner:COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES
Method for predicting catalyst performance
Owner:CHEVROU USA INC
Regenerative autothermal catalytic steam reformer
InactiveUS7179313B2Maximum efficiencyMinimize formationHydrogen/synthetic gas productionFuel cellsAirflowEngineering
A compact steam reformer produces hydrogen to power a fuel cell, such as can be used in a vehicle. The steam reformer includes a first channel, at least partly coated with a steam reforming catalyst, and a second channel, at least partly coated with a combustion catalyst, the channels being in thermal contact with each other. Heat from the combustion is used in the steam reforming reaction. In another embodiment, the gas streams feeding the reforming and combustion channels pass through a valve which reverses the gas streams periodically. The combustion channel becomes the reforming channel, and vice versa, so that carbon deposits in the former reforming channel are burned off. This arrangement enables the reforming reaction to continue indefinitely at peak efficiency.
Owner:JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC
Battery charging method and system with three-stage temperature-compensated charge profile
ActiveUS8841884B2Constant charge currentConstant float currentBatteries circuit arrangementsElectric powerCharge currentBattery charge
A battery charging method and system with a temperature-compensated charge profile requires that, during a ‘bulk stage’, a regulated constant charge current is provided to the battery until the voltage across it increases to a predetermined ‘absorption stage voltage limit’, at which time charging transitions to an ‘absorption stage’. During the absorption stage, a charge current is provided which maintains the voltage across the battery at the absorption stage voltage limit, until: 1) the charge current falls to a predetermined current threshold, 2) the charge delivered to the battery during the absorption stage reaches a predetermined charge threshold, or 3) the difference in charge between two successive intervals of equal duration becomes zero, at which time charging transitions to a ‘float stage’. During the ‘float stage’, a regulated constant charge current is provided, such that the voltage across the battery varies with the temperature of the battery.
Owner:ENERPRO
Process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes to aromatic hydrocarbons
InactiveUS20120240467A1Maximizing conversionMolecular sieve catalystGaseous fuelsAlkaneAromatization
A process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes into aromatics which comprises first reacting a mixed lower alkane feed comprising at least propane and ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane into first stage aromatic reaction products, separating ethane from the first stage aromatic reaction products, reacting ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products, and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products.
Owner:SHELL OIL CO
Novel cracking catalytic compositions
InactiveUS20120222991A1Minimize formationYield maximizationMaterial nanotechnologyTreatment with plural serial cracking stages onlyOrganic chemistryOne stage
Novel catalytic compositions for cracking of crude oil fractions are disclosed. The catalytic compositions comprise a basic material. When used in a cracking process, preferably a FCC process, the resulting LCO and HCO fractions have desirably low aromatics levels. Further disclosed is a one-stage FCC process using the catalytic composition of the invention. Also disclosed is a two-stage FCC process for maximizing the LCO yield.
Owner:ALBEMARLE NETHERLANDS BV
Reaction of glycoladehyde
PendingUS20210139410A1Increase conversion rateHigh selectivityOrganic compound preparationPreparation by reductive alkylationPtru catalystHydrogenation catalysis
A two-step one-pot process for reacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of a reactive organic fluid for instance a reactive solvent is provided. The first step comprises of contacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of a reactive fluid for instance a reactive solvent under inert atmosphere to produce unsaturated intermediates, and reacting the reaction mixture obtained in step 1 with hydrogen in the presence of a supported hydrogenation catalyst in a second step.
Owner:TAMINCO BV
High temperature reforming process and catalyst for use therein
InactiveUS20150239802A1Reduce crackingMaximize conversionCatalytic naphtha reformingHydrocarbons from unsaturated hydrocarbon additionHalogenHydrocarbon
A process for generating aromatics from a hydrocarbon feedstream is disclosed. The process includes the steps of (a) passing the hydrocarbon feedstream to a reformer, wherein the reformer is operated at a temperature greater than 540° C.; and (b) reforming the hydrocarbon feedstream to aromatics in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises (i) a refractory inorganic oxide support, (ii) a platinum group metal, (iii) a Group IVA metal, (iv) a third metal selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and (v) a halogen.
Owner:UOP LLC
Optically excited atomic frequency standard
InactiveUS20070097365A1Solve dim lightEfficient conversionRadiation pyrometryPulse automatic controlOptical radiationPolarizer
An optically-excited atomic frequency standard that subjects alkali metal atoms (111) to circularly-polarized optical radiation. The atomic frequency standard is improved by the use of a circular polarizer (202) to control the intensity of the circularly-polarized optical radiation. The circular polarizer includes a linear polarizer (203) and a quarter-wave retarder (205), with the light to be circularly polarized passing first through the linear polarizer (203) and then through the quarter-wave retarder (205). In the atomic frequency standard, the optical radiation (105) to which the circular polarizer (202) is applied is itself linearly polarized, and the intensity of the circularly polarized light produced by the circular polarizer (202) is controlled by rotating (303) the circular polarizer. The degree of rotation determines how much of the linearly-polarized optical radiation passes through the linear polarizer, and thus how much circularly-polarized light is produced.
Owner:MICROSEMI FREQUENCY & TIME
Systems and methods of achieving high brightness infrared fiber parametric amplifiers and light sources
ActiveUS9099835B2Minimize powerMaximizing conversionActive medium materialFibre transmissionFiber optical parametric amplifierPeak value
Fiber optic amplification in a spectrum of infrared electromagnetic radiation is achieved by creating a chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure having a radially varying pitch. A chalcogenide PCF system can be tuned during fabrication of the chalcogenide PCF structure, by controlling, the size of the core, the size of the cladding, and the hole size to pitch ratio of the chalcogenide PCF structure and tuned during exercising of the chalcogenide PCF system with pump laser and signal waves, by changing the wavelength of either the pump laser wave or the signal wave, maximization of nonlinear conversion of the chalcogenide PCF, efficient parametric conversion with low peak power pulses of continuous wave laser sources, and minimization of power penalties and minimization of the need for amplification and regeneration of pulse transmissions over the length of the fiber, based on a dispersion factor.
Owner:US GOVT REPRESENTED BY THE SEC OF THE NAVY CHIEF OF NAVAL RES ONR NRL
EcoCharge powered planes and drones
ActiveUS9539906B2Maximizing conversionMaximum conversionElectric power distributionUnmanned aerial vehiclesElectric aircraftDisruptive technology
The earth's magnetic field has not been mined as a source of energy. With average field strength of 0.5×10−4 Tesla around the world it is easy to understand why. A disruptive technology is needed to mine the earth's magnetic field. Such a technology, graphene, is now at an early stage of development with excellent properties in the form of high conductivity, low resistivity, durable, light weight, low cost sheets. Multiple sheets of graphene provide a significant multiplier to earth's magnetic field yielding a feasible source of ecologically clean power. Graphene based EcoCharge units can be driven by electric motors putting graphene in motion to mine the earth's magnetic field. Estimates show that for a Solar Impulse 2 like electric plane, eight EcoCharge units weighing 64 lbs generate 60 kW RMS continuously replacing 3,000 lbs of photovoltaic cells generating 50 kW RMS during the day only.
Owner:MCCRADY DENNIS DRAKE
Process for producing a gasoline with a low sulphur and mercaptans content
ActiveUS9957448B2Sufficient conversionMaximizing conversionTreatment with hydrotreatment processesHydrocarbon oils treatment productsHydrogenHydrodesulfurization
The present application concerns a process for the treatment of a gasoline containing sulphur-containing compounds and olefins, with the following steps:a) a step for hydrodesulphurization of said gasoline in order to produce an effluent which is depleted in sulphur by passing the gasoline mixed with hydrogen over at least one hydrodesulphurization catalyst;b) a step for separating the partially desulphurized gasoline from the hydrogen introduced in excess as well as the H2S formed during step a);c) a catalytic step for sweetening desulphurized gasoline obtained from step b), which converts residual mercaptans into thioethers via an addition reaction with the olefins.
Owner:INST FR DU PETROLE
Process for xylenes production
ActiveUS9199893B2High activityIncrease productionHydrocarbon by hydrogenationCatalytic naphtha reformingAlkaline earth metalNaphtha
Provided is a process for producing aromatics including the steps of preparing a C8 hydrocarbon stream, feeding a naphtha stream and the C8 hydrocarbon stream to a reforming unit, and reforming the naphtha stream and the C8 hydrocarbon stream to yield aromatics. The process combines a co-feed containing C8 hydrocarbons, an alkali / alkaline earth metal-containing reforming catalyst, and a high temperature operating regime to achieve significant improvements in a reforming process for the production of xylenes and other aromatics.
Owner:UOP LLC
Oxidative coupling of methane at near ambient feed temperature
ActiveUS10843982B2More temperatureMaximizing conversionCatalystsHydrocarbon preparation catalystsProcess engineeringOxidative coupling of methane
Methods of performing a startup of an oxidative coupling of methane reaction to produce C2+ hydrocarbons are described. The methods can include incrementally varying startup parameters of the oxidative methane reactor and using the feed gas as a coolant such that high C2+ hydrocarbon selectivity is achieved.
Owner:SABIC GLOBAL TECH BV
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