The invention relates to a rat infestation intelligent monitoring system and method based on a cloud server. The system comprises a thermal infrared camera equipment, an intelligent terminal and a cloud server connected in order; the thermal infrared camera equipment monitors motion trails of the rate by using thermal infrared sensing technology and the camera technology and sends the monitored video frame to an intelligent terminal; the intelligent terminal judges a mobile object, records the current video frame and marks the motion trails, and transmits the video clip with the motion trailsto the cloud server; the cloud server identifies the mobile rate and saves the current video clip, and marks the rat location and the motion trails in the current video clip, and then performs the data summary analysis processing to obtain the related parameter information about the rat activity so as to realize the rat infestation intelligent monitoring. The system performs rough identification through the intelligent terminal and finely identifies the mobile rate in cooperation with the cloud server, the rat infestation intelligent monitoring is realized, the rat infestation can be discovered and controlled as early as possible, the unnecessary loss is reduced, the manual cost is lowered, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.