434 results about "Glucose detection" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical sensing and health monitoring, and discloses a noninvasive glucose detection system. The system comprises an interstitial fluid extraction device, a photoelectric sensing module and a main control circuit which are integrated on a flexible substrate. The interstitial fluid extraction device drives subcutaneous interstitial fluid to migrate to the hydrogel interface layer under the action of reverse ion electroosmosis; the photoelectric sensing module receives interstitial fluid through a hydrogel interface layer, a working electrode of the photoelectric sensing module comprises a Cu monatomic imprinting recognition layer, and imprinting holes formed by Cu monatomic sites are specifically coordinated with glucose molecules. The master control circuit controls sampling and determines the glucose concentration based on the photocurrent signal. Noninvasive sampling and monatomic imprinting photoelectric detection are fused, sampling-detection integration is achieved, and the device has the advantages of being noninvasive, painless, high in selectivity, high in interference resistance, comfortable to wear and the like and is suitable for continuous monitoring of blood glucose.

The invention discloses a wearable sweat glucose detection system based on multi-shell metal organic framework encapsulated enzyme and a preparation method of the wearable sweat glucose detection system. The detection system comprises a sweat collection and sensing module, an electrochemical detection module and an iontophoresis module, the sweat collecting and sensing module comprises a micro-fluidic channel and a screen-printed electrode; the micro-fluidic channel is used for collecting sweat; the screen-printed electrode comprises a working electrode for detecting glucose, a counter electrode and a reference electrode to form a three-electrode system; wherein the working electrode for detecting the glucose is provided with a functional layer, and the functional layer is modified by multi-shell metal organic framework layered encapsulation enzyme for detecting the glucose and chitosan for fixing the multi-shell metal organic framework layered encapsulation enzyme; the electrochemical detection module is used for obtaining electrochemical sensing detection data; and the iontophoresis module is used for outputting an adjustable constant current source to enable iontophoresis to stimulate skin to sweat. The portable long-time continuous detection of sweat glucose can be realized, and the detection method is rapid and convenient.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating postprandial blood glucose response of a human body based on continuous blood glucose data and application. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a continuous blood glucose detection value and meal starting time; matching a first blood glucose recording point after eating according to the dining time, intercepting blood glucose data of 2 hours after meal, and preprocessing the data; constructing four postprandial blood glucose response modes by applying the continuous blood glucose data of FPCA and based on a characteristic function of which the interpretation degree ranks top two obtained by the FPCA; through comparison of postprandial blood glucose response mean value curves of the four blood glucose response modes, the four response modes can evaluate postprandial blood glucose by integrating the blood glucose concentration range and whether the fasting homeostasis can be rapidly recovered or not.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical health monitoring, and relates to a noninvasive blood glucose detection method based on reinforcement learning and multi-modal dynamic weight fusion, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out adaptive dynamic weight distribution on the weight of an ECG signal and a PPG signal based on a reinforcement learning network, optimizing a signal processing parameter, and determining whether to trigger threshold adjustment; performing weighted feature fusion on the ECG signal and the PPG signal to obtain a fusion feature vector; the fusion feature vector is input into a prediction and early warning double-branch output structure, the prediction and early warning double-branch output structure comprises a regression branch and a classification branch, the regression branch is used for continuously predicting the blood glucose value, and finally a single blood glucose concentration value is output; and the classification branch is used for early warning level judgment, and finally outputting classification alarms for continuous prediction results so as to complete noninvasive blood glucose detection. The method has the beneficial effects that the fluctuation influence of user movement and temperature on noninvasive blood glucose data acquisition is reduced, and the individual difference suitability and long-term stability of noninvasive blood glucose detection are improved.

The invention relates to the field of nano-enzymes, in particular to a nano-enzyme, a preparation method and a method for detecting glucose by using the nano-enzyme. The nano-enzyme comprises a carrier and platinum nano-particles coated on the surface of the carrier, and the carrier is oxidized nano-diamond particles with the particle size of 20-30 nm. The core structure of the nano-enzyme, namely a composite system of the carrier and the platinum nano-particles, is defined, the platinum nano-particles serve as a metal nano-material with excellent catalytic performance and are a core component for simulating peroxidase activity, the size of the oxidized nano-diamond carrier is controlled to be 20-30 nm, the dispersity of the material is guaranteed, and the catalytic activity of peroxidase is improved. And the catalytic efficiency of the composite system can be further improved through a size effect. According to the structural design, the problems of insufficient catalytic activity and poor stability of a single nano material are solved through the synergistic effect of the carrier and the load component, and a material foundation is laid for subsequent efficient glucose detection.

The invention discloses a real-time adjusting method for insulin infusion volume, which adopts a closed-loop control method, and dynamically adjusts the infusion volume of an insulin pump based on a comparison result of a predicted blood glucose parameter and a preset blood glucose range through collected blood glucose data and predicted future blood glucose data, thereby realizing more accurate blood glucose control. The invention further discloses a closed-loop infusion system designed based on the real-time adjustment method. The closed-loop infusion system comprises a controller, a blood glucose detection system, an insulin pump and a continuous glucose monitoring system. Compared with open-loop control, the closed-loop control can monitor the blood glucose level of the patient in real time and automatically adjust the insulin infusion amount according to real-time data, and the high-automation system can more accurately maintain the blood glucose within the target range and reduce blood glucose fluctuation. Moreover, the closed-loop control system reduces the requirements of patients or medical staff for manually calculating and adjusting the insulin dosage, so that personal errors are reduced, automatic adjustment can better adapt to individual differences and dynamic changes of the patients, the burden of the patients on blood glucose monitoring and insulin dosage adjustment is reduced, and the safety and effectiveness of treatment are improved.

The invention provides a power management and power consumption control device and method of a continuous blood glucose detection circuit. Relates to the technical field of continuous blood glucose detection, solves the problems of power consumption control and switching in the prior art, and is characterized in that a power input end of a charge pump is connected with an anode of an external power supply; the control input end of the charge pump is connected with a mode control signal end; the power output end of the charge pump is connected with the first control end of the power switch device; the switching signal control end of the charge pump is connected with the second control end of the power switching device through the delayer; the output end of the power switch device is connected with the working voltage input end, and the working voltage output end is connected with the grounding capacitor; the power output end of the charge pump is connected with the input end of the power-on reset module, the power switch switching signal end of the power-on reset module is connected with the power switch switching signal end of the charge pump, and different working modes can be achieved, so that power consumption control is achieved.

The invention relates to a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy noninvasive blood glucose detection method, and relates to the technical field of noninvasive blood glucose detection. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a bioelectrical impedance spectrum of the forearm of a human body by using a bioelectrical impedance sensor, then, reducing the difference of bioelectrical impedance between different subjects and sessions by using a proposed baseline correction method, and finally, expanding and balancing a sample based on an Optuna hyper-parameter optimization algorithm. Frequency and feature selection and regression model establishment are integrated into one evaluation index, and overall optimization of hyper-parameters is achieved. Specifically, the problems of small sample size and large blood glucose extreme value estimation deviation are simultaneously solved by using a data generation method based on K nearest neighbor in combination with a Clark error grid evaluation index and sample density weighting. Secondly, according to prior information of a data structure, using sparse group minimum absolute shrinkage with a weight proportion threshold value and a selection operator to simultaneously select frequency and characteristics which contribute to modeling to the greatest extent; and finally, an ensemble learning algorithm XGBoost is selected and used to establish a final model. The overall optimization method improves the robustness of the model and the accuracy of the estimation result.

The invention relates to a sweat glucose detection device based on an enzyme-free wearable wireless patch and application, and belongs to the technical field of sensors. The invention provides a sweat glucose detection device based on an enzyme-free wearable wireless patch. The sweat glucose detection device comprises a microfluidic channel, a sensor array and a signal acquisition module. Sweat is obtained by the microfluid channel, and after entering the system, the sweat flows into the mixing cavity through the Tesla valve and reacts with NaOH solid in the cavity to form an alkaline solution, so that the pH value of the sweat is adjusted to meet the working requirements of the sensor. The sensor array is used for preprocessing and detecting sweat signals, and an Au NPs / Ni-BDC NFs modified electrode in the module can monitor glucose and calibrate temperature and pH in real time. According to the wearable wireless patch system formed through the design, the limitation of the prior art is successfully overcome, continuous and enzyme-free monitoring of glucose in sweat is achieved, and a new thought is provided for application of nanometer materials in wearable equipment.

The invention discloses a sweat glucose detection bandage and a preparation method thereof, a hydrophobic layer OTS film and a UVO or plasma surface treatment technology are introduced to enhance the comparison between a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region, and an accurate patterned wettability surface can be simply and conveniently obtained, so that PEDOT: PSS is accurately deposited in a channel region and a grid region. In addition, due to the fact that the OTS treatment is conducted on the two faces of the bandage, after the UVO treatment is conducted on the single face of the bandage, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic difference is formed on the two faces of the bandage. Due to the structure, retention and diffusion of liquid on the surface are reduced, one-way flow of the detected liquid is effectively guided, and accuracy and stability of sweat glucose detection are ensured.

The invention relates to a noninvasive blood glucose detection technology, in particular to a blood glucose detection method for a noninvasive blood glucose meter and a blood glucose detector. The invention discloses a blood glucose detection method for a noninvasive blood glucose meter. The blood glucose detection method comprises the following steps: acquiring near-infrared light data and mid-infrared light data and calculating corresponding weight coefficients; acquiring a predicted blood glucose value by using the blood glucose detection model, calculating credibility, comparing the credibility with a preset credibility threshold, and executing corresponding operation; and acquiring a blood glucose health assessment result by using the blood glucose health assessment model. The near-infrared spectrum technology and the mid-infrared spectrum technology are combined, the influence of environmental factors is considered in real time, the weight coefficients of the near-infrared light data and the mid-infrared light data are calculated respectively, analysis of the spectrum data is adjusted and optimized, a more accurate blood glucose detection result is provided, and the accuracy of blood glucose detection is improved. And reliable blood glucose measurement values can be obtained under different environmental conditions.

The invention provides a Ru / RuO2 nano foam enzyme as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nano enzymes. The preparation method of the Ru / RuO2 nano foam enzyme comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing graphene, a ruthenium precursor and a solvent, carrying out reflux reaction, and collecting a solid product A; and mixing the solid product A and the molten salt 1, grinding, adding into the molten salt 2 in a molten state, preserving heat, and cooling, washing and drying after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the Ru / RuO2 nano foam enzyme. The preparation method disclosed by the invention does not need a tight inert atmosphere and a complex calcining process, and is simple; the colorimetric sensing method for glucose detection based on the nano-enzyme has extremely low detection limit, shows high specificity and sensitivity, and is suitable for accurate glucose detection.

The invention relates to conductive hydrogel, which is CS hydrogel of Ga grafted MXene, Ga is liquid metal gallium, MXene is Ti3C2Tx, Tx is-F,-OH or-O, CS is chitosan, a two-dimensional sheet structure of single-layer MXene provides a chain, and adjacent chains are connected through liquid metal Ga spheres to provide a three-dimensional chain structure of the conductive hydrogel. The invention also relates to the conductive hydrogel, a preparation method thereof, a flexible electrochemical sensor and application of the flexible electrochemical sensor in glucose detection. According to the invention, disease markers such as glucose in human sweat can be rapidly detected with high sensitivity for a long time, the operation is simple, professional workers are not needed, and real-time daily monitoring can be realized.

The invention discloses a substrate integrated waveguide microwave sensor for glucose detection, and aims to solve the problem of low sensitivity of an existing non-invasive glucose sensor. The substrate integrated waveguide microwave sensor for glucose detection comprises an input feeder line, an integrated waveguide and a split ring resonator, the integrated waveguide is a fan-shaped microstrip line, the split ring resonator is arranged in the middle of the fan-shaped microstrip line, the input feeder line is located on the central axis of the integrated waveguide, and the split ring resonator is located in the middle of the integrated waveguide. One end of the input feeder line is located on the outer side of the arc of the integrated waveguide, the other end of the input feeder line extends into the integrated waveguide, and a metalized through hole array is arranged in the circumferential direction of the arc of the integrated waveguide. The SIW structure and the SRR structure are combined to be used for glucose detection, efficient space utilization and excellent electromagnetic characteristics are achieved, the performance and sensitivity of the sensor are remarkably improved, and the sensor shows excellent sensitivity and linear response in the glucose concentration range of 0-1000 mg / dL.

The invention relates to the technical field of glucose detection, and discloses a method for detecting glucose in d-ribose fermentation broth, which comprises the following steps: step 1, diluting a d-ribose fermentation broth sample and adjusting the d-ribose fermentation broth sample to a predetermined pH value to form a pretreated sample; 2, removing impurities and concentrating target components through solid-phase extraction to obtain a treated sample; 3, separating the sample by using high performance liquid chromatography, setting a mobile phase, a flow rate and a chromatographic column temperature, and separating to obtain a glucose component; and 4, injecting the separated components into a mass spectrum system on line, and detecting a characteristic ion signal of glucose. The high-sensitivity and accurate detection of glucose in the d-ribose fermentation liquor can be realized by adopting a high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined technology. Through optimized sample pretreatment and mobile phase selection, interference of other carbohydrates on glucose detection is reduced, and accurate determination of glucose concentration is ensured.

The invention provides a non-invasive blood glucose detection device. The non-invasive blood glucose detection device comprises a flexible circuit board, at least one blood glucose detection module and an adhesive layer, the at least one blood glucose detection module is arranged on the flexible circuit board, and each blood glucose detection module comprises a blocking structure, a light-emitting element, a light sensing element and a transparent cover plate. The blocking structure forms a first space and a second space which are isolated from each other; the light-emitting element and the light sensing element are respectively positioned in the first space and the second space; the transparent cover plate is combined with the blocking structure to seal the first space and the second space. The adhesive layer is arranged on the flexible circuit board and located on the periphery of the at least one blood glucose detection module.

The invention discloses a noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction system and method based on a deep triplet network. Belongs to the technical field of blood glucose detection and particularly relates to the technical field of noninvasive blood glucose detection. The problem that a conventional noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction method does not have universal applicability is solved. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a model building module and a prediction module. The data acquisition module is used for acquiring and preprocessing spectral characteristic data of the finger part of the volunteer; the data processing module divides the preprocessed data into a training set, a verification set and a test set; the model building module is used for building a noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction model and training the noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction model by using the data in the data processing module to obtain an optimal noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction model; the noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction model comprises a triple input network, an improved Transform network and an SVR (Support Vector Regression) regression prediction network; the prediction module is used for predicting the blood glucose concentration of the human body according to the optimal noninvasive blood glucose concentration prediction model.

The invention provides a nano enzyme, a preparation method and application thereof, and a glucose concentration detection method. The Ru / Co-N and Zn-CNCs nano-material is prepared by adopting a calcination method and a reduction method, the material can quickly catalyze the oxidation reaction of TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the cascade reaction colorimetric sensor for glucose detection is successfully constructed by combining with glucose oxidase, and the preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, economical and efficient; due to the synergistic effect generated by doping of Ru metal, the nano-enzyme has better catalytic activity, meanwhile, through combination with glucose oxidase, the system can achieve ultra-sensitive colorimetric detection of glucose, excellent stability and linear response characteristics are shown, and the detection accuracy is further improved. Through colorimetric detection, the method can sensitively detect glucose in a range of 10-2000 [mu] M, and the detection limit is as low as 0.61 [mu] M.

The invention provides a full-dynamic non-invasive blood glucose detection method based on a full-spectrum peak segment optimization algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, performing blood glucose testing on a nail bed part of a human little finger by matching an infrared dual-wavelength semiconductor laser with a spectrograph, and recording blood glucose Raman spectrum data obtained in each blood glucose testing; step S2, carrying out pretreatment on the obtained blood glucose Raman spectrum data; s3, dividing the preprocessed blood glucose Raman spectrum data into a training set and a prediction set, analyzing through a principal component analysis method and a partial least square regression analysis method, and establishing a model; s4, inputting the preprocessed blood glucose Raman spectrum data as an independent variable into the model in the step S3, analyzing the blood glucose concentration of the human body, and giving a reference value; according to the full-dynamic non-invasive blood glucose detection method based on the full-spectrum peak segment optimization algorithm, the accuracy of quantitative analysis of a high-fluorescence background sample through a Raman spectrum is achieved, complex treatment on the sample is not needed, and the accuracy of human body non-invasive blood glucose detection is improved.

The invention discloses a glucose electrochemical sensor based on protein passivated graphene as well as a preparation method and application of the glucose electrochemical sensor. The glucose electrochemical sensor comprises a glass substrate, a working electrode, a reference electrode, a counter electrode, Ag / AgCl ink coated on the surface of the reference electrode, and a composite structure formed on the surface of the working electrode, and the composite structure is composed of Prussian blue, graphene, a protein film and glucose oxidase which are sequentially modified on the surface of the working electrode. According to the present invention, the Prussian blue, the graphene, the protein film and the glucose oxidase are sequentially modified on the surface of the working electrode to construct the glucose electrochemical sensor based on the protein passivated graphene, and the glucose electrochemical sensor has characteristics of good specificity, good reproducibility and good long-term stability, therefore, the method has a good application prospect in glucose detection.

The invention discloses a hydrogel microneedle patch for noninvasive blood glucose detection as well as a preparation method and application of the hydrogel microneedle patch. According to the invention, the microneedle patch is prepared by a turnover technology and is noninvasively applied to the skin surface, so that simple and rapid extraction of interstitial fluid in vivo and a new method for real-time, rapid and quantitative detection of blood glucose in vivo are realized. The hydrogel microneedle patch contains two hydrogel components: one hydrogel component is hydrogel which can be cured and formed by ultraviolet light, and the other hydrogel component is hydrogel which can be cured and formed by ultraviolet light; and the other hydrogel is functional hydrogel with pH responsiveness, and glucose oxidase is added, so that the hydrogel can sensitively react to in-vivo glucose. The double-response hydrogel is jointly mixed and prepared into a microneedle patch form, the microneedle patch is endowed with noninvasive / minimally invasive property when applied to the skin surface, the microneedle patch is very suitable for extraction of interstitial fluid in vivo, and then real-time, rapid and accurate detection of the blood glucose level in vivo is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical detection equipment, and provides a small noninvasive blood glucose detection system and method based on frequency shift and amplitude constraint, the small noninvasive blood glucose detection system and method based on frequency shift and amplitude constraint comprises a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), the system comprises a double-frequency complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) sensor, a detector, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a nixie tube and a power supply module for supplying power, after frequency sweeping is completed, the detector output voltage data stored in the RAM is converted into a power value through calculation, the amplitude of the transmission coefficient of the sensor is obtained according to an S21 parameter formula, and the FGPA controls a nixie tube to display the resonant frequency and the resonant depth of the sensor according to a key. The method is mainly applied to design and manufacturing occasions of medical equipment.

According to the intelligent real-time blood detection system based on the intravascular indwelling sensors, through an intravascular indwelling multi-sensor integrated system (electrochemical / optical coaxial layered design), continuous monitoring of one-time puncture for more than or equal to 7 days is achieved, in a clinical test, puncture within 7 days can be reduced from 28 times to 3 times, an improved Kalman filtering algorithm eliminates signal crosstalk, and the detection accuracy is improved. The D-S evidence theory is combined to dynamically fuse multi-modal data, so that the blood glucose detection MARD is reduced to 4.1%, the blood potassium error is less than 0.08 mM, and the motion artifact residual error is 1t; and 0.5%. A real-time data transmission and intelligent alarm system significantly improves clinical response efficiency, self-adaptively calibrates individual differences, and realizes high-precision long-acting monitoring.

The utility model provides blood glucose detection test paper and a blood glucose detection test paper storage box, and relates to the technical field of blood glucose detection consumables, the blood glucose detection test paper comprises a substrate, an electrode layer is laid on the substrate, and a mistake-proof slot is formed in the lower part of the substrate; an insulating layer is arranged above the electrode layer, a sampling window is formed in the insulating layer, an enzyme layer and a hydrophilic layer are arranged in the sampling window, the enzyme layer is attached to the upper surface of the electrode layer, and the hydrophilic layer is arranged above the electrode layer; a release film is laid on the insulating layer, the release film is divided into a sampling end, a main body and an electrode end through an easy-to-tear line, and the divided release film covers the sampling window, the insulating layer main body and the electrode end respectively. The sealing structure has the advantages of good sealing performance and capability of avoiding wrong insertion of front and back surfaces of electrode ends.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an iron-based covalent organic framework enzyme-loaded biological cascade catalytic material, and belongs to the field of materials. An iron-based covalent organic framework material is prepared by adopting a one-pot method, and glucose oxidase is further loaded, so that the biological cascade catalytic material for glucose detection is prepared. The biological cascade catalytic material obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention combines the advantages of nano enzyme and natural enzyme, and has excellent catalytic efficiency and long catalytic life; the Fe-COFs prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is strong in peroxidase-like activity and high in enzyme loading capacity, can adapt to a cascade system loaded by various enzymes, and widens the application prospect of constructing a biological cascade catalytic system based on COFs loaded natural enzymes.

The invention discloses a glucometer high-precision detection method based on a dynamic calibration algorithm and a glucometer, and relates to the field of blood glucose detection.The method comprises the steps that modal decomposition is conducted on a blood glucose current signal, the blood glucose current signal is decomposed into a plurality of frequency components, and an effective physiological component and an interference component are separated from the frequency components; performing time sequence feature extraction on the effective physiological component to obtain feature parameters at multiple moments, and performing correlation analysis on the feature parameters at the multiple moments, the environment temperature and the tissue impedance parameter to obtain a fusion feature vector; inputting the fusion feature vector into a parameter calibration model, and outputting a preliminary blood glucose value; a temperature correction coefficient is calculated according to the deviation between the environment temperature and the preset reference temperature, the initial blood glucose value is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature correction coefficient, and a final blood glucose detection value is obtained. By implementing the method, the detection accuracy of the glucometer can be improved.

The invention discloses a personalized adoptive non-invasive blood glucose monitoring method, system and device and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a blood glucose sample and a physiological parameter sample of a target individual, and calibrating a trained universal artificial intelligence prediction model according to the blood glucose sample and the physiological parameter sample of the target individual, a personalized artificial intelligence prediction model is obtained; the universality artificial intelligence prediction model is obtained by training according to a blood glucose sample and a physiological parameter sample of a group; acquiring physiological parameters of the target individual, and monitoring blood glucose of the target individual according to the physiological parameters of the target individual and the personalized artificial intelligence prediction model; the physiological parameters are obtained through non-creative measurement. The embodiment of the invention can noninvasively, accurately and continuously monitor the blood glucose of the target individual, and can be widely applied to the technical field of blood glucose detection.

The invention relates to the technical field of glucose detection, in particular to a high-sensitivity glucose detection material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation raw materials of the high-sensitivity glucose detection material comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of modified glucose oxidase, 6-10 parts of modified porous microspheres, 1-1.5 parts of chloroplatinic acid and 0.6-1 part of palladium acetate. The prepared detection material is high in detection sensitivity and good in repeatability and stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a CIOD-based noninvasive blood glucose detection sensor and method.The sensor comprises a multi-layer structure and comprises a first flexible polyimide substrate tightly attached to the skin, a temperature control assembly, a second flexible polyimide substrate and a glucose detection patch; the temperature control assembly comprises a temperature sensor and a heating wire and is used for thermally activating the skin; the glucose detection patch comprises three electrode areas filled with perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, wherein the first electrode area comprises a first sodium ion working electrode, a shared electrode and a detection working electrode; the second electrode region contains a sodium ion reference electrode; the third electrode area comprises a second sodium ion working electrode and an auxiliary electrode; the electrodes are connected through insulating coating wires; the shared electrode and the auxiliary electrode form an interstitial fluid extraction electrode pair, and the detection working electrode and the shared electrode form a glucose detector to detect a hydrogen peroxide signal generated by glucose oxidation; the first sodium ion working electrode, the second sodium ion working electrode and the sodium ion reference electrode form a sodium ion differential detector to calibrate a glucose signal. According to the novel noninvasive blood glucose detection sensor provided by the invention, efficient, noninvasive and portable blood glucose monitoring can be realized by combining thermal activation and differential self-calibration.

A glucose detection or monitoring system that includes a VCSEL laser with one or more active regions having quantum wells and barrier. The active regions are surrounded by one or more p-n junctions. The one or more active regions can include a selected shape structure, and one or more tunnel junctions (TJ). One or more apertures are provided with the selected shape structure, one or more buried tunnel junctions (BTJ) or oxide confine apertured, additional TJ's, planar structures and or additional BTJ's created during a regrowth process that is independent of a first growth process with a VCSEL output determined in response to a monitoring application of the VCSEL, the VCSEL having an HCG grating and a bottom DBR. A housing of a smartwatch interior houses the VCSEL laser. The smartwatch includes one or more of a display, an optical sensor, one or more electrodes, SIM card slot, speaker, microphone, charging pins, and a band.