The application belongs to the field of
optical communication transmission technology, and discloses a high-
flame-retardant hollow-
core optical fiber cable with gradient heat insulation and self-ignition fire extinguishing mechanism, which comprises, from inside to outside, a hollow-
core optical fiber unit, an
aerogel heat insulation buffer layer, a microcapsule
phase change heat
absorption layer, a self-expanding ceramicized
flame-retardant layer and an outer sheath layer, wherein the overall structure is redesigned, and the specific structure and
processing method of some key components are improved, so that the gradient collaborative mechanism of "reflective heat insulation +
phase change heat absorption + expansion
carbonization" can be reasonably utilized, the safety threshold of the telecommunication equipment can be ensured under high-temperature environment, and higher
fire resistance integrity can be achieved; in addition, compared with the prior art, the problem of heat
convection sensitivity of the hollow-
core optical fiber caused by the internal hollow is effectively solved, the
phase stability of the optical transmission path in the
fiber core is ensured, and the critical temperature in the hollow-core
optical fiber cable can be more conveniently controlled.