The invention relates to a wide-temperature-range optical cable for a ship and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of communication optical cables. An outer sheath material is prepared by compounding
polyethylene and modified
polyphenyl ether, the use temperature range of the optical cable sheath material is remarkably improved, a compatible
flame retardant is further prepared, the
flame retardant has grafted double bonds and can be grafted on a
polyethylene molecular chain under the action of an initiator, and after
grafting modification, the
flame retardant can be grafted on the
polyethylene molecular chain, so that the use temperature range of the optical cable sheath material is greatly improved. The
biphenyl structure in the flame-retardant compatilizer and the
biphenyl structure in the modified
polyphenyl ether can generate pi-pi conjugate to enhance the
intermolecular force between the polyethylene and the modified
polyphenyl ether, so that the
interface bonding force between the polyethylene and the modified polyphenyl
ether is remarkably improved, and the phase
separation problem caused by the polarity difference between the flame retardant and the polyethylene is reduced; the dispersing effect of the flame retardant in a
polymer is improved, the flame retardance of the material is improved, migration of the flame retardant is inhibited, and the
mechanical property of the sheath material can be effectively improved.