81 results about "Sandwich immunoassay" patented technology

Methods and apparatus are provided for assaying cell samples, which may be living cells, using probes labeled with composite organic-inorganic nanoparticles (COINs) and microspheres with COINs embedded within a polymer matrix to which the probe moiety is attached. COINs intrinsically produce SERS signals upon laser irradiation, making COIN-labeled probes particularly suitable in a variety of methods for assaying cells, including biological molecules that may be contained on or within cells, most of which are not inherently Raman-active. The invention provides variations of the sandwich immunoassay employing both specific and degenerate binding, methods for reverse phase assay of tissue samples and cell microstructures, in solution displacement and competition assays, and the like. Systems and chips useful for practicing the invention assays are also provided.

The invention provides methods for identifying antibody preparations that can form a pair of antibodies that optimally detect a target antigen, for example, in a sandwich immunoassay. These methods provide high affinity and epitope-specific antibodies.

Devices and methods for performing assays to determine the presence or quantity of a specific analyte of interest in a fluid sample. In devices according to this invention two separate flow paths are established sequentially in the device with a single user activation step. The first flow path delivers the analyte of interest (if present in the sample) and conjugate soluble binding reagents to the solid phase. If analyte is present, an analyte:conjugate complex is formed and immobilized. The volume of sample delivered by this first path is determined by the absorbent capacity of the solid phase, and not by the amount of sample added to the device, relieving the user from the necessity of measuring the sample. The sample / conjugate mixture is prevented from entering the second flow path because the capillarity and the surface energy of the second flow path prevent it from being wetted by this mixture. The second flow path allows a wash reagent to remove unbound conjugate and sample from the solid phase to the absorbant, and optionally to deliver detection reagents. The invention may be adapted to many assay formats including, sandwich immunoassays, colloidal gold, or sol particle assays, heterogeneous generic capture assays and competitive assays. In one embodiment, sandwich assays can be performed by immobilizing an analyte binding reagent on the solid phase, and drying a labeled analyte binding reagent in the first flow path. In a competitive assay embodiment, the first flow path would contain labeled analyte that is dissolved by the sample, and the analyte binding reagent is immobilized on the solid phase. In each of these embodiments, the assay can be further modified to run in a "generic capture" format, where the solid phase binding reagent is instead conjugated to a generic ligand such as biotin, and dried in the first flow path (either together or separately from the other assay reagents), and a generic ligand binding reagent (such as avidin) is immobilized on the solid phase. Another aspect of the present invention includes a subassembly for the immunoassay device that is comprised of a plastic housing and a means for delivering fluid and / or wash solution. This subassembly comprises a structure formed from a hydrophobic polymer selectively treated with a water insoluble surface active agent that has been applied as a solution in an organic solvent rendering portions of the surface hydrophilic. When the surface is contacted with an aqueous liquid, it flows only along the treated areas, creating a defined fluid flow path, thereby delivering sample / conjugate solutions to said solid phase.