497 results about "Step response" patented technology

Digital focusing method and apparatus in an image processing system, for digitally focusing an out-of-focus image, are provided. A defocused image is divided into sub-images of a predetermined size. An edge direction of each of the divided sub-images is estimated. Step responses with respect to the respective edge directions are calculated. A mean step response is obtained by averaging a predetermined number of the step responses. Point Spread Function (PSF) coefficients are obtained using the mean step response. An image blur transfer function is obtained using the PSF coefficients. An image restoration transfer function is obtained using the image blur transfer function. An original in-focused image is obtained by multiplying the image restoration transfer function by the defocused image in a frequency domain. Thus, an image can be restored in real time, and the size and weight of the image processing system can be reduced.

A methodology for process modeling and control and the software system implementation of this methodology, which includes a rigorous, nonlinear process simulation model, the generation of appropriate linear models derived from the rigorous model, and an adaptive, linear model predictive controller (MPC) that utilizes the derived linear models. A state space, multivariable, model predictive controller (MPC) is the preferred choice for the MPC since the nonlinear simulation model is analytically translated into a set of linear state equations and thus simplifies the translation of the linearized simulation equations to the modeling format required by the controller. Various other MPC modeling forms such as transfer functions, impulse response coefficients, and step response coefficients may also be used. The methodology is very general in that any model predictive controller using one of the above modeling forms can be used as the controller. The methodology also includes various modules that improve reliability and performance. For example, there is a data pretreatment module used to pre-process the plant measurements for gross error detection. A data reconciliation and parameter estimation module is then used to correct for instrumentation errors and to adjust model parameters based on current operating conditions. The full-order state space model can be reduced by the order reduction module to obtain fewer states for the controller model. Automated MPC tuning is also provided to improve control performance.

An integrated optimization and control technique integrates an optimization procedure, such as a linear or quadratic programming optimization procedure, with advanced control, such as model predictive control, within a process plant in which the number of control and auxiliary variables can be greater than the number of manipulated variables within the process plant. The technique first determines a step response matrix defining the correlation between changes in the manipulated variables and each of the process variables that are used during optimization. A subset of the control variables and auxiliary variables is then selected to be used as inputs to a model predictive control routine used to perform control during operation of the process and a square M by M control matrix to be used by the model predictive control routine is generated. Thereafter, during each scan of the process controller, the optimizer routine calculates the optimal operating target of each of the complete set of control and auxiliary variables and provides the determined target operating points for each of the selected subset of control and auxiliary variables to the model predictive control routine as inputs. The model predictive control routine determines changes in the manipulated variables for use in controlling the process from the target and measured values for each of the subset of the control and auxiliary variables and the M by M control matrix.

The present application relates to methods and systems for intelligently routing requests to one of a plurality of redundant servers. The methods and systems route the requests to a most highly ranked redundant server. The redundant servers are dynamically rank according to ranking information, wherein the ranking information may include server performance information, server response information, next step performance information, next step response information, historic information and other like information. Next step response information and next step performance information corresponds to information pertaining to servers the plurality of redundant servers depend upon. The methods and systems may further randomly re-rank the plurality of redundant servers. The methods and systems may further re-route unprocessed requests meeting non-performance criteria.

A simple yet effective and robust identification method is presented using process step responses for process identification that can provide a continuous transfer function with time-delay without iteration. A cascade relay provides accurate and reliable more points on the process frequency response. The internal model principle is employed to design single-loop controller of PID or high-order types with best achievable control performance for controller tuning, e.g. both single and multivariable cases are covered. The process identification and control design portions can be easily integrated into a control system auto-tuning package. Further, a general control scheme for disturbance rejection is given which can significantly improve disturbance rejection performance over conventional feedback systems with time delays. Practical issues such as noises, real-time implementation and tuning guidelines are also provided. The present invention provide general, systematic, effective, and applicable methods for process identification and control for a wide range of industries such as process and chemical plants, food processing, waste water treatment and environmental systems, oil refinery, servo and mechatronic systems, where a system model is needed for analysis, prediction, filtering, optimization and management, and / or where control or better control is required for their systems.

This invention provides a novel process identification and control package for high performance. For process identification, a simple yet effective and robust identification method is presented using process step responses to give a continuous transfer function with time-delay without iteration. A new relay, called cascade relay, is devised to get more accurate and reliable points on the process frequency response. For controller tuning, the internal model principle is employed to design single-loop controller PID or high-order types with best achievable control performance. The process identification and control design parts can be easily integrated into control system auto-tuning package. Further, a general control scheme for disturbance rejection is given which can significantly improve disturbance rejection performance over conventional feedback systems with time delays. Practical issues such as noises, real-time implementation and tuning guidelines are also provided. The invention covers both open-loop and closed-loop testing, and single and multivariable cases.

The invention relates to a device and method for detecting the dynamic properties of a two-dimensional directional mirror. The device comprises a dynamic photoelectric autocollimator, a controller of the dynamic photoelectric autocollimator, a hollow rotary platform, a controller of the hollow rotary platform, a rotary target, an adjustment platform, a data acquiring and processing system and a computer measurement and control system. Under the guidance of the computer measurement and control system, a target simulation reflector on the rotary target is driven by the rotary platform to simulate an optical target in movement, the dynamic photoelectric autocollimator provides the rapid and high-precision angle miss distance for the two-dimensional directional mirror, the data acquiring and processing system feeds back and controls the two-dimensional directional mirror to track the target simulation movement in real time, and the computer measurement and control system processes the measurement data of the photoelectric autocollimator in real time to obtain the data reflecting the dynamic response properties of the two-dimensional directional mirror. The device and method provided by the invention can be used for detection of properties of the two-dimensional directional mirror, such as axis shaking, step response, dynamic continuous tracking and the like.

A method for referencing a polyphase stepper motor by monitoring the current step response in at least one driven phase is presented. The coil current step response is compared to past step responses in order to determine when an increase in or maximum load is present. A combination of step to step variance, step response variance from mean current magnitude, and average current magnitude variance, as well as other measures can be combined to create an algorithm output. The output is compared to a pre-determined threshold and if the value is greater than the threshold, the motor is commanded to halt its position, which remains magnetically synchronous. This position is then used as a reference point to zero, or to home the motor.

The invention relates to the technical field of PID control, and discloses a fractional order integration PID controller setting and self-setting method. The method specifically comprises the following steps that firstly, the Bode ideal transfer function order beta and the amplitude cross-over frequency omega c are appropriately selected to meet the formula: 1<beta<2 and the formula: 0<omega c<omega max; secondly, when a controlled object mathematical model P(s) is known, the low order derivative of a transfer function model of a controlled object is solved, and then the third step is carried out, and when the controlled object mathematical model P(s) is unknown, the system information is identified according to the step response of the controlled object or the relay closed loop response, and the third step is carried out, wherein the two conditions are not met, the process is ended; thirdly, PID controller parameters with the fractional order integration are fast determined according to the parameter setting formula. According to the technical scheme, automatic control of an ordinary industrial process can be achieved easily.

A wind farm (10) may include a plurality of variable speed wind turbines (12, 14,16). A centralized controller (50) may be configured to selectively adjust a respective electrical output power from each of the wind turbines at least during an underfrequency condition. The controller may include a monitor (52) configured to monitor a grid frequency value relative to at least a first threshold value. A deviation of the grid frequency value beyond the first threshold value is indicative of the underfrequency condition. The controller further includes a control unit (54) configured to effect a step response to the electrical output power of the wind turbine in a direction selected to counteract the underfrequency condition.

A system and method for user configuration of an autotuning algorithm for a PID controller. User input is received via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) indicating a desired characteristic of a PID controller, such as stiffness or response time. The system is excited via a proportional controller to characterize the intrinsic behavior of the system, i.e., to calculate a system transfer function. An autotuning algorithm is configured in accordance with the user input. The configured autotuning algorithm is applied to the transfer function to generate gain values for the PID controller resulting in the PID controller characteristic specified by the user. The PID controller gains are loaded into the PID controller hardware or software, thereby configuring the PID controller to operate according to the desired characteristic specified by the user. The user may trigger and view a step response of the system to review the results of the tuning process.

The invention provides a corrosion detection method for a grounding net, as well as a system. The method comprises the steps as follows: the corrosion potential of detected grounding net metal is measured, constant current step signals are applied to the detected grounding net metal, and the constant current step response signals are collected; the wavelet filter treatment is performed to the collected grounding net soil corrosion electrochemical detection data; and the corrosion electrochemical parameter analysis processing is performed to the grounding net soil corrosion electrochemical detection data after the wavelet filter treatment, thereby generating the grounding net soil corrosion detection result. The grounding net corrosion status is detected accurately and conveniently by the electrochemical detection method.

Systems that sample a continuous analog time-domain signal. The invention is particularly applicable to systems whose analog components have a bandwidth limit below that desired or specified. The invention has been created to address particular problems in the design of digital sampling oscilloscopes (DSOs) that require more bandwidth than that which is easily achievable through traditionally analog techniques. A method and apparatus are provided in the form of a digital filter that is capable of surgically increasing the bandwidth of the system beyond the bandwidth achievable in an analog system. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this system can perform this bandwidth increase without degradation in the time-domain performance of the system such as pulse or step response. In some cases, the time-domain performance is improved by flattening of the frequency response. Additionally, the system, while boosting the bandwidth, is capable of simultaneously removing noise and therefore producing a digitized signal of higher fidelity than that obtained without the filter in place.

Provided is an image restoration method and apparatus, in which an image is restored by estimating the blur level of the image. The image restoration apparatus includes a block generation module which generates a plurality of overlapping blocks for an input image; a blur estimation module which generates a plurality of unit step responses for a current overlapping block from the overlapping blocks; a feature-map generation module which generates a feature map for the current overlapping block based on the unit step responses of the current overlapping block; and a filter application module which deblurs the current overlapping block by using a deconvolution filter to filter the feature map of the current overlapping block.

A method and apparatus for an automatic gain control (AGC) loop that utilizes multiple comparators to provide constant bandwidth tracking and step response, as well as fine granularity for decision directed convergence. In one embodiment, an odd number of comparators is used with square-law scaling at the output to achieve constant bandwidth step response for a wide range of input amplitude changes.

An apparatus for electronically controlling a quadrupole in a mass spectrometer, comprises radio frequency (RF) drive circuitry and direct current (DC) drive circuitry coupled to a quadrupole, an RF control loop associated with the RF drive circuitry, a DC control loop associated with the DC drive circuitry, and control loop circuitry associated with the DC control loop, the control loop circuitry configured to alter a response of the DC control loop during a settling time period of a step response such that ion transmission through the quadrupole is greater during the settling time than if the response of the DC control loop during the settling time is unaltered.

The invention provides a supercritical machine set steam temperature control method and system based on multivariable predictive control. The method includes the steps of: conducting pre-stage designing of a multivariable predictive controller to determine the control variables, the controlled variables and the disturbance variables, wherein the control variables include first stage temperature reducing water spray, second stage temperature reducing water spray, reheated temperature reducing water spray and the opening size of a fume gas baffle, and the controlled variables include main steam temperature and reheated steam temperature; discriminating a module of a process object and building a multi-input and multi-output step response model of the steam temperature system by applying step disturbance, simulating the multivariable predictive controller and adjusting the parameters of the multivariable predictive controller according to the built step response model; starting the multivariable predictive controller and switching the multivariable predictive controller from the simulated state to the actual online operation and control state and applying the output of the multivariable predictive controller to a controlled object to carry out real-time control. The supercritical machine set steam temperature control method and system can well ensure that the overheated steam temperature in a boiler is within the required range.

A method of controlling a distillation column having control valves to control both reflux and the vapor rate within the column. In accordance with the present invention, a temperature sensed in a top section of the column is magnified and utilized within the model predictive controller so that control is more aggressive as temperatures increase beyond a threshold temperature. Additionally, in the distillation column, or in fact in any other system in which two or more manipulated variables control two or more common controlled variables, special modeling techniques are utilized to make controller tuning easier to accomplish. In such modeling techniques, each manipulated variable is assumed to be able to have an effect on a controlled variable by a single step response model and other step response models are utilized so that the other manipulated variable(s) that also would have an effect on the same controlled variable are taken into account by the controller as feed forward variables.

The present application relates to methods and systems for intelligently routing requests to one of a plurality of redundant servers. The methods and systems route the requests to a most highly ranked redundant server. The redundant servers are dynamically rank according to ranking information, wherein the ranking information may include server performance information, server response information, next step performance information, next step response information, historic information and other like information. Next step response information and next step performance information corresponds to information pertaining to servers the plurality of redundant servers depend upon. The methods and systems may further randomly re-rank the plurality of redundant servers. The methods and systems may further re-route unprocessed requests meeting non-performance criteria.

The invention discloses a water turbine speed regulator PID parameter optimizing method and system. The method comprises the steps that the speed regulator PID parameter optimizing overall objective function J restraining ultra-low frequency oscillation is obtained, optimization is conducted through the optimization algorithm, the optimal PID parameter is sought, and the overall objective function is minimal. According to the method, the value obtained after weighting of the frequency step response deviation absolute value integral and speed regulating system damping at the focused ultra-low frequency band integral serves as the optimization objective, the obtained speed regulator parameter integrates the speed regulator adjusting performance and damping level at the same time, accordingly, the problem of ultra-low frequency oscillation caused by speed regulator negative damping is solved, and the speed regulator adjusting dynamic quality is combined.

A collision prevention method for motor vehicles (10) in which obstacles in front of the vehicle are detected by an on-board positioning system (16), a collision probability (P) is calculated from the position data (D) and one or more stepped responses to prevent the collision are triggered as a function of the collision probability (P), wherein at least one of the responses is a preparatory measure accelerating the implementation of a command (B), which may be output later, to decelerate the vehicle, without itself having any significant decelerating effect on the vehicle.

The invention provides a modeling method for a generator excited system which comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining the idle load characteristic of the generator, the idle load and the load characteristics of an exciting dynamo, the time constants of the generator and the exciting dynamo, the phase position and frequency characteristic of the generator excited system and the damping effects of low frequency oscillation by experiments; (2) building a field system model; (3) analyzing the obtained basic data to obtain normalized model parameters, building an original simulation model in a Matlab emulator to carry out step response simulation and carrying out corresponding corrections of the parameters in the model according to simulation calculation and field experiment errors until the errors meet the requirements; (4) transforming the parameters into practically useful model parameters in a power system analyzing program and carrying out further correction of the model parameters in the program according to the specific characteristics of the original model. The model parameters of the field system obtained by the invention have the advantage of enough precision, which can really reflect the performance indexes of the field system.

The invention provides a method for automatically testing main performance indexes of a pulse instrumentation radar, which is to connect a radar signal processor, a radar target simulator, an azimuth and pitch radar servo controller, a radar terminal display and control computer and a radar data processing computer through a communication network exchange to form an automatic test system under the uniform control of the radar terminal display and control computer, wherein the radar signal processor, radar target simulator, azimuth and pitch radar servo controller, radar terminal display and control computer and the radar data processing computer are connected to a radar receiver. Such automatic tests as receiver magnitude-phase consistency, receiver band width and dynamic range of the radar, and main performance indexes of servo maximum tracking speed (azimuth and pitch), servo maximum tracking acceleration (azimuth and pitch), servo step response characteristics and servo band width and the like are realized by adopting the radar target simulator and a special test program. The test results of the performance indexes are given visually, so that the estimation and judgement to the radar performance index are greatly convenient; and convenient detection ways are provided to guarantee the radar to keep a well state and available at any time.

The invention discloses a four-rotor aircraft attitude and position hybrid control method based on DIC-PID. The method comprises the steps that 1 a four-rotor aircraft is used as a single rigid body, and the nonlinear dynamics model is acquired through a Newton-Euler equation to determine in-out relation of a system; 2 attitude control is carried out on the internal loop of the four-rotor aircraft based on a DIC dynamic inverse control theory to form an inner ring attitude controller; 3 position control is carried out on the external loop of the four-rotor aircraft based on a PID theory to form an outer ring position controller, and decoupling control of attitude and position channels is realized; and 4 in a simulation environment, the proposed control method is tested through step response and a tracking rising spiral line. The hybrid control method provided by the invention has better ability to suppress external disturbance and unmodeled dynamics, and can meet the requirements of attitude control and position control of the four-rotor aircraft.

A digital circuit implementing pulse width modulation controls power delivered in what one can model as a second order or higher order system. An exemplary control plant could embody a step-down switch mode power supply providing a precise sequence of voltages or currents to any of a variety of loads such as the core voltage of a semiconductor unique compared to its input / output ring voltage. An algorithm produces a specific sequence of pulses of varying width such that the voltage or current delivered to the load from the system plant closely resembles a critical damped step response. The specific pulse width modulation sequence controls a plant that provides a near critical damped step response in one embodiment without a feed-forward or feedback loop physically embodied in the control system thereby reducing the parts cost or control semiconductor production yield cost while enhancing noise immunity and long term reliability of the control system. The specific algorithm exhibits tolerance to variations of twenty percent or greater in output load or ten percent or greater in control plant element parameters thus maintaining near critical damped step response characteristics when actual parameter values deviate from initial estimates.

The invention relates to a method for predicting and controlling steam temperatures of boilers on the basis of a state observation model. The method includes 1, replacing heat exchangers by multiple sections of concentration parameter links by a principle of natural segmentation or virtual segmentation, and using outlet parameters of media of various sections as representative parameters of the concentration links to build a mathematical model of enthalpy and temperature channels of the heat exchangers; 2, creating a state observer on the basis of output feedback and estimating outlet temperatures of the various sections; 3, connecting an MPC (multivariate model prediction controller) and a PID (proportion, integration and differentiation) regulator in a cascade manner to form a serial control circuit, acquiring step response coefficients according to the model of the enthalpy and temperature channels of the heat exchangers and acquiring set values of lead temperatures; 4, regulating the steam temperatures by the inner-loop PID regulator according to difference among the lead temperatures and output of the MPC and acquiring control signals of attemperation water valves. The method has the advantages that model building and verification are carried out, so that field test requirements can be reduced; states of inertial and lagged controlled objects are reconstructed via the state observer, so that characteristics of the objects can be modified; prediction and control are implemented, so that targets can be accurately and quickly controlled.

The invention provides a differential adjustable PID controller parameter project adjusting model and method. According to the method, a genetic algorithm optimization technology is used; an optimized PID controller parameter is used as a sample; a BP neural network technology is used to establish the PID controller parameter project adjusting model; according to the characteristic parameter of an actual thermal process step response curve and the differential share of a selected PID controller, an established neural network model is used to calculate the adjustment value of the PID controller parameter. According to the invention, the PID controller adjusted through the method is superior to a PID controller adjusted through a traditional project adjusting method in the aspects of fastness, stability, robustness and the like; the differential action of the PID controller can be easily adjusted; and deficiencies of a traditional PID controller parameter project adjusting method are effectively overcome.

The invention provides a parameter setting method of an alternating current servo system controller. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, according to the system inertia, distinguishing the system inertia; according to the distinguished system inertia J, obtaining the initial PI parameter by looking up the relationship table of PI (proportion and integration) parameter and system inertia; then, setting a target step command, sampling the corresponding feedback amount, and fitting the sampling points to obtain a system step response curve; according to the fit system step response curve, obtaining the overshoot, ascending time and stable fluctuation indexes of the response curve; according to the obtained indexes, distinguishing the types of the system step response curve. The method has the advantages that the response curve mainly have five types, and the PI parameter is correspondingly adjusted according to the types of response curve, until the indexes of the response curve meet the setting requirement of the actual application occasion; compared with the parameter optimizing method adopting the size of peak, the set parameter is more optimum, the obtained performance is better, and the operation is simple.

The invention discloses an intelligent integration method for anti-integral windup and overshoot suppression of a PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) control system. The intelligent integration method comprises the following steps: according to a set input valve r(t) and an output value y(t) of the system, calculating an error signal value e(t); judging whether an actually input signal of a controlled object has a measured value v(t) or not: when the actually input signal of the controlled object has the measured value v(t), calculating an executor over-limit signal x(t) according to a control signal u(t) output by a controller and the measured value v(t), and when the actually input signal of the controlled object does not have the measured value v(t), setting an executor limit value; setting an anti-integral windup parameter alpha for an integral error signal to eliminate system oscillation caused by executor over-limit; setting an overshoot suppression parameter beta for the integral error signal to suppress system step response overshoot caused by an integral action. The intelligent integration method for anti-integral windup and overshoot suppression of the PID control system not only can resist windup and suppress overshoot, but also does not change the original system stability, and has the advantages that the parameters are simple to set and the real-time high-accuracy quick control of the control system is easy to realize.