The invention relates to a feeder automation processing method and a device of a distribution network, wherein a first-time reclosing of a power station outlet recloser is used for eliminating transient line fault, if the first-time reclosing fails, the line fault of the time is permanent fault, section switches on all main networks on the line are separated, and then normal power supply of non-fault sections is recovered by being matched with time to isolate the fault sections according to the voltage and change condition thereof; if the permanent fault on a short branch line occurs, the section switch at the forficate part of the short branch line is separated and locked after two times of overcurrent pulse is counted and two sides of the switch lose power, thus realizing automatic isolation of the fault sections. In addition, the scheme also fully considers the processing during sing-phase earth fault. The invention leads fault processing to be simple, convenient and reliable, and can recover the normal power supply of all lines with transient fault or non-fault lines during permanent fault in a short time to the maximal extent.