261results about How to "Avoid excessive accumulation" patented technology

An improved electrosurgical instrument and method is disclosed for simplifying making incisions and other treatments using electrosurgery. The electrosurgical instrument comprises a body having more than two electrodes with at least two electrodes having alternating current power supplied to them such that they comprise a bipolar alternating current configuration and employ a means other than electrode spacing, composition, or geometry for reducing or preventing accumulation of eschar that would otherwise form a short circuit current path and interfere with obtaining a predetermined surgical effect. In one aspect, such means for reducing or preventing eschar accumulation consists of at least one other electrode having a direct current voltage between it and at least one of the two electrodes forming the alternating current bipolar configuration. In another aspect of the invention two or more pairs of alternating current electrodes comprising bipolar electrodes are powered with alternating current having a nonzero RMS voltage sufficient to at least reduce eschar accumulations on one electrode or induce electrolysis of at least one component of a medium surrounding at least one pair of bipolar electrodes. The electrodes are separated from each other using electrically insulating materials such that electric current does not flow between at least two of the bipolar alternating current electrodes unless they contact at least one other electrically conductive medium, such as patient tissue or a medium comprising at least in part a solid, liquid, gas, or ionized component that allows electric current to flow between electrodes. In the aspect where at least one electrode is powered by direct current the electrodes are configured such that electrical current does not flow between at least one of the bipolar alternating current electrodes and at least one of the direct current electrodes unless one or more media, such as patient tissue or a medium comprising at least in part a solid, liquid, gas, or ionized component that allows electric current to flow between electrodes, are contacting or adjacent to the electrodes having a direct current voltage difference between them. The assembly comprised of the electrodes and the separating insulating materials may also employ one or more means to reduce the current flowing between them that does not produce a desired predetermined surgical effect with one aspect of such means being using an outer insulating coating configured such that one or more portions of at least one of the bipolar alternating current electrodes are insulated while leaving exposed other portions of such insulated electrodes so that they are capable of being in electrical communication with tissue or at least one material in electrical communication with tissue.

An battery-powered electrosurgical instrument includes a blade having a conductor edge portion and insulation layer with geometric shapes and composition that concentrate electrosurgical energy and reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage, thereby providing more efficient application of electrosurgical energy. The more efficient use of electrosurgical energy permits configuring the system to be battery-powered. The system may be portable or configured as a battery-backup powered system.

An electrosurgical instrument blade includes a body having more than two electrodes with at least two electrodes having alternating current power supplied to them provide a bipolar alternating current configuration and employ a means other than electrode spacing for reducing or preventing accumulation of eschar. The electrodes are separated from each other using electrically insulating materials such that electric current does not flow between at least two of the bipolar alternating current electrodes unless they contact at least one other electrically conductive medium, such as patient tissue. The conductor edge portion and insulation layer each have geometric shapes and composition to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage. The outer profile of the insulation layer and conductive element are configured to facilitate the flow of electrosurgical decomposition products away from the conductor edge where they are formed.

An improved means for insulating electrosurgical instruments and its use for electrosurgical instruments for reducing smoke generation at a surgical site is disclosed. An insulating layer is employed that may include a ceramic material that is substantially sealed with a coating comprising substantially of a material based on polydiorganosiloxanes or derivatives thereof that have been cured, preferably with the aid of temperatures in excess of about 150° F. In one aspect of the invention, an insulating layer having a thermal conductance of about 1.2 W/cm²° K. and a dielectric withstand strength of at least about 50 volts is employed. Such insulating layer may advantageously comprise one or more insulating materials with pores that have been sealed so as to prevent biological materials from entering the pores with such sealing material preferably containing one or more of silicate materials or materials that form silicates. In another aspect of the invention, the metal body is provided to have a thermal conductivity of at least about 0.35 W/cm° K., and may advantageously comprise a metal selected from the group: gold, silver, aluminum, copper tantalum, tungsten, columbium and molybdenum. In yet a further aspect, the metal body may include an intermediate layer that defines a peripheral edge portion of reduced cross-section (e.g., about 0.001 inches thick or less) for electrosurgical signal transmission. Such intermediate layer may comprise a metal having a melting point of at least about 2600° F. Heat sink means may be included in various embodiments to establish a thermal gradient away from functional portions of the instrument (i.e., by removing heat from the metal body). In one embodiment, the heat sink means may comprise a phase change material that changes from a first phase to a second phase upon absorption of thermal energy from the metal body.

A thermoplastic film or sheet having a thickness of about 1 mil (0.026 mm) to about 20 mils (0.51 mm) containing a surface embossed layer comprising a copolymer of alpha olefin(s) with alpha, beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid comonomer(s), ionomers derived therefrom and combinations thereof useful for making solar cell laminates, wherein the surface is embossed with a pattern which provides channels for de-airing, the channels having depth of about 20 microns or less, a width of about 30 microns to about 300 microns and spaced about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm apart, and use thereof in photovoltaic cells and the manufacture thereof.

A method for conducting electrosurgery using increased crest factors employs an electrosurgical instrument having at least one conductive element that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor edge portion of the conductive element. The conductor edge portion and insulation layer each having unique geometric shapes and composition of the parts concentrate the electrosurgical power, reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage. The outer profile of the insulation layer and conductive element are configured to facilitate the flow of electrosurgical decomposition products away from the conductor edge where they are formed. The combined effects of the electrosurgical instrument configurations enable safe use of crest factors of 5 or greater in electrosurgical procedures.

An electrosurgical blade for use in electrosurgery includes a body having at least one conductive element that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor edge portion of the conductive element. The profile of the electrosurgical blade is configured to concentrate the flow of electrosurgical energy in a concentration region to facilitate starting or initiating the electrosurgical process. The profile of the electrosurgical blade is further configured to prevent excessive delivery of electrosurgical energy to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage.

An electrosurgical needle includes a body having at least one conductive element in the form of a needle that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor tip portion of the conductive element. The conductor tip portion and insulation layer each have unique geometric shapes and composition of the parts to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage. The electrosurgical needle electrode is configured to concentrate the flow of electrosurgical energy at the tip region.

An electrosurgical blade includes a conductive element that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor edge portion of the conductive element. The conductor edge portion and insulation layer each have unique geometric shapes and composition of the parts to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage. The outer profile of the insulation layer and conductive element are configured to facilitate the flow of electrosurgical decomposition products away from the conductor edge where they are formed.

An electrosurgical instrument includes a body having at least one conductive element that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor edge portion of the conductive element. The profile of the electrosurgical instrument is configured to concentrate the flow of electrosurgical energy in a concentration region to facilitate starting or initiating the electrosurgical process. The profile of the electrosurgical instrument is further configured to prevent excessive delivery of electrosurgical energy to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage.

An electrosurgical instrument includes a conductive element in the form of a needle that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor tip portion of the conductive element. The conductor tip portion and insulation layer each have unique geometric shapes and composition of the parts to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage. The electrosurgical needle electrode is configured to concentrate the flow of electrosurgical at the tip region.

An electrosurgical instrument is disclosed for simplifying making incisions and other treatments using electrosurgery. The electrosurgical instrument comprises a body having at least one conductive element that is surrounded by an insulation layer except at a conductor edge portion of the conductive element. The conductor edge portion and insulation layer each having unique geometric shapes and composition of the parts to reduce or eliminate the production of smoke and eschar and reduce tissue damage. The outer profile of the insulation layer and conductive element are configured to facilitate the flow of electrosurgical decomposition products away from the conductor edge where they are formed.

The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a dispersant and a disperse phase containing a hydrophobic material, the dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from the group consisting of carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000. The invention further relates to the preparation and use of the dispersion in the production of paper. The invention also relates to a substantially water-free composition containing a hydrophobic material, an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000, as well as it use in the preparation of an aqueous dispersion.

An electronic control unit (an ECU) detects an operating condition of an engine and quantity of particulate matters accumulated in a diesel particulate filter (a DPF) having an oxidation catalyst from a pressure difference across the DPF. The ECU operates temperature increasing means for regenerating the DPF based on the above detection results. During a low speed and light load operation, the ECU does not perform temperature increasing operation similar to an operation performed during a middle load operation. Instead, the ECU performs operation such as reduction of recirculated exhaust gas quantity in order to inhibit an increase in the quantity of the accumulated particulate matters. When the operating condition is changed afterward, the temperature increasing means is operated, so safe regeneration of the DPF is achieved.

The present invention generally relates to polymer films having improved adhesion to poly(vinyl alcohol) films. More particularly, the invention relates to a protective cover sheet comprising a low birefringence protective polymer film, a layer that promotes adhesion to poly(vinyl alcohol), and a tie layer between the said low birefringence polymer film and said layer promoting adhesion to poly(vinyl alcohol). The cover sheet has excellent adhesion to poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing dichroic films and eliminates the need to alkali treat the cover sheet prior to lamination to the dichroic films, thereby simplifying the process to manufacture polarizing plates for use in displays.

The invention generally relates to polymer films used as protective cover sheets for polarizer plates, a method for producing polarizing plates, and a Liquid Crystal Display employing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to a cover sheet composite having a removable, carrier substrate and a cover sheet comprising a low birefringence polymer film and a layer that promotes adhesion to polyvinyl alcohol on the same side of the carrier substrate as the low birefringence polymer film. The guarded cover sheet of the invention is less susceptible to defects due to dirt and abrasion during the manufacture of the cover sheet and polarizer plates. In addition, the cover sheet has excellent adhesion to polyvinyl alcohol-containing dichroic films and eliminates the need to alkali treat the cover sheet prior to lamination to the dichroic films.

A III-V group nitride system semiconductor self-standing substrate has: a first III-V group nitride system semiconductor crystal layer that has a region with dislocation lines gathered densely, the dislocation lines being gathered substantially perpendicular to a surface of the substrate, and a region with dislocation lines gathered thinly; and a second III-V group nitride system semiconductor crystal layer that is formed up to 10 μm from the surface of the substrate on the first III-V group nitride system semiconductor crystal layer and that has a dislocation density distribution that is substantially uniform.

The present invention is drawn to a method and apparatus for cooling a hybrid transmission electric motor. More precisely, an annular chamber is formed between a housing for the electric motor and a transmission housing. Coolant is disposed in the annular chamber and is applied to the electric motor through a plurality of coolant apertures in the motor housing to cool the motor.

The invention generally relates to polymer films used as protective cover sheets for polarizer plates, a method for producing polarizing plates, and a Liquid Crystal Display employing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to cover sheet composites having a removable, carrier substrate and, optionally, a strippable, protection layer that protects the cover sheet from abrasion and dirt during the manufacture of the cover sheet and polarizer plates.