50results about How to "Reduce charring" patented technology

An improved electrosurgical instrument and method is disclosed for simplifying making incisions and other treatments using electrosurgery. The electrosurgical instrument comprises a body having more than two electrodes with at least two electrodes having alternating current power supplied to them such that they comprise a bipolar alternating current configuration and employ a means other than electrode spacing, composition, or geometry for reducing or preventing accumulation of eschar that would otherwise form a short circuit current path and interfere with obtaining a predetermined surgical effect. In one aspect, such means for reducing or preventing eschar accumulation consists of at least one other electrode having a direct current voltage between it and at least one of the two electrodes forming the alternating current bipolar configuration. In another aspect of the invention two or more pairs of alternating current electrodes comprising bipolar electrodes are powered with alternating current having a nonzero RMS voltage sufficient to at least reduce eschar accumulations on one electrode or induce electrolysis of at least one component of a medium surrounding at least one pair of bipolar electrodes. The electrodes are separated from each other using electrically insulating materials such that electric current does not flow between at least two of the bipolar alternating current electrodes unless they contact at least one other electrically conductive medium, such as patient tissue or a medium comprising at least in part a solid, liquid, gas, or ionized component that allows electric current to flow between electrodes. In the aspect where at least one electrode is powered by direct current the electrodes are configured such that electrical current does not flow between at least one of the bipolar alternating current electrodes and at least one of the direct current electrodes unless one or more media, such as patient tissue or a medium comprising at least in part a solid, liquid, gas, or ionized component that allows electric current to flow between electrodes, are contacting or adjacent to the electrodes having a direct current voltage difference between them. The assembly comprised of the electrodes and the separating insulating materials may also employ one or more means to reduce the current flowing between them that does not produce a desired predetermined surgical effect with one aspect of such means being using an outer insulating coating configured such that one or more portions of at least one of the bipolar alternating current electrodes are insulated while leaving exposed other portions of such insulated electrodes so that they are capable of being in electrical communication with tissue or at least one material in electrical communication with tissue.

An improved means for insulating electrosurgical instruments and its use for electrosurgical instruments for reducing smoke generation at a surgical site is disclosed. An insulating layer is employed that may include a ceramic material that is substantially sealed with a coating comprising substantially of a material based on polydiorganosiloxanes or derivatives thereof that have been cured, preferably with the aid of temperatures in excess of about 150° F. In one aspect of the invention, an insulating layer having a thermal conductance of about 1.2 W/cm²° K. and a dielectric withstand strength of at least about 50 volts is employed. Such insulating layer may advantageously comprise one or more insulating materials with pores that have been sealed so as to prevent biological materials from entering the pores with such sealing material preferably containing one or more of silicate materials or materials that form silicates. In another aspect of the invention, the metal body is provided to have a thermal conductivity of at least about 0.35 W/cm° K., and may advantageously comprise a metal selected from the group: gold, silver, aluminum, copper tantalum, tungsten, columbium and molybdenum. In yet a further aspect, the metal body may include an intermediate layer that defines a peripheral edge portion of reduced cross-section (e.g., about 0.001 inches thick or less) for electrosurgical signal transmission. Such intermediate layer may comprise a metal having a melting point of at least about 2600° F. Heat sink means may be included in various embodiments to establish a thermal gradient away from functional portions of the instrument (i.e., by removing heat from the metal body). In one embodiment, the heat sink means may comprise a phase change material that changes from a first phase to a second phase upon absorption of thermal energy from the metal body.

Ablation electrode assemblies include an inner core member and an outer shell surrounding the inner core member. The inner core member and the outer shell define a space or separation region therebetween. The inner core member is constructed from a thermally insulative material having a reduced thermal conductivity. In an embodiment, the space is a sealed or evacuated region. In other embodiments, irrigation fluid flows within the space. The ablation electrode assembly further includes at least one thermal sensor in some embodiments. Methods for providing irrigation fluid during cardiac ablation of targeted tissue are disclosed that include calculating the energy delivered to irrigation fluid as it flows within the ablation electrode assembly through temperature measurement of the irrigation fluid. Pulsatile flow of irrigation fluid can be utilized in some embodiments of the disclosure.

Isocyante-based polymer foams containing functionalized nano-scale materials in which the functional groups are OH, NH₂, COOH or NCO groups. The incorporation of such functionalized nano-scale materials into the isocyanate-based polymer foams provides foams with improved properties such as insulation values, mechanical properties and flame retardancy performance properties, including but not limited to k-factor and dimensional stability.

Ablation electrode assemblies having a longitudinal axis include an electrode core member; an electrode shell; and an irrigant distribution element. The electrode core member comprises a thermal insulator and has a first end; a second end; and at least one irrigation passageway. The electrode shell comprises an electrically conductive material, defines an inner volume, and has a first end; and a second end. The second end of the electrode shell is configured for connection to the first end of the electrode core member. The electrode shell is sufficiently flexible for deflection of the distal end of the electrode shell relative to the longitudinal axis of the ablation electrode assembly. The irrigant distribution assembly comprises a first end; and a second end, wherein the second end of the irrigant distribution element defines a circumferential irrigation port between the irrigant distribution element and the electrode core member.

A system and method for producing synthetic fuels are disclosed in which a slurry comprised of a particulate solid portion dispersed in a carrier liquid portion is provided. The solid portion comprises (i) a feedstock of carbon-containing polymeric materials that are substantially free of each of halogen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, and contain about 5 to about 25 percent by weight water, and (ii) a catalytic amount of metal particles. The carrier liquid portion is a hydrocarbon/oxyhydrocarbon composition. The feedstock constitutes about 10 to about 60 weight percent of the slurry. The slurry is heated anaerobically to provide an elevated temperature of about 250° to about 455° C. and a pressure of about 20 to about 50 atmospheres that are maintained for a time period sufficient to provide a combustible liquid fuel at least 80 percent of which contains about 6 to about 21 carbon atoms per molecule.

Embodiments of the invention include a compact, lightweight, hand-held laser treatment device that combines the emissions of two separate laser energy sources into a common optical pathway for improved therapeutic effect. In some embodiments, the device includes a housing having separate first and second laser sources disposed within the interior thereof. In some embodiments, the laser energy emissions from the two internal laser sources can be individually or concurrently transmitted to a delivery tip of the device via a laser transmission path also defined within the interior of the housing. In some embodiments, the structural and functional features of the first and second laser sources, in concert with the unique architecture of the laser transmission path, can be configured to provide efficacy and efficiency in the operation of the device within the spatial constraints of the lightweight, hand-held housing thereof.

The invention discloses a bionic anti-sticking high-frequency electrotome bit, and belongs to the technical field of energy-carrying minimally invasive medical instruments. The bionic anti-sticking high-frequency electrotome bit takes a plant leaf with anti-sticking and desorption functions as a prototype, a bionic surface form with round grooves and strip-shaped grooves distributed in a compound mode is machined in the surface of a high-frequency electric-conduction blade by simulating the surface form of the plant leaf, the round grooves and the strip-shaped grooves are distributed in the length direction of the blade alternatively, and the interval between the two types of forms is equal to the radius of the circle; the round grooves and the strip-shaped grooves are respectively distributed in the width direction of the blade at equal intervals, and the center distance is 460-700 micrometers; the diameter of each round groove is equal to the width of each strip-shaped groove and is 180-300 micrometers; the length of each strip-shaped groove is 800-1400 micrometers; the depth of each round groove and the depth of each strip-shaped groove are the same and are both 60-100 micrometers. The bionic anti-sticking high-frequency electrotome bit effectively reduces the carbonization and sticking phenomena of the tissue when the electrotome works at a high temperature, and is favorable for heat radiation, and the minimum sticking quality is reduced by about 39% compared with a smooth electrotome bit.

The invention discloses mesoporous carbon prepared by using a manganese compound, and a preparation method thereof. According to the method, manganese oxide crystal nanoparticles formed by decomposinga manganese compound during pyrolysis carbonization of a carbon precursor have mesoporous size characteristic, the manganese compound can catalyze the carbon precursor to form carbon, and the manganese compound is used as a template agent precursor so as to prepare mesoporous carbon. The method specifically comprises: 1, uniformly mixing a thermoplastic carbon precursor and a manganese compound through solid phase powder or a liquid phase solution; 2, carrying out high-temperature carbonizing on the mixture in an inert atmosphere to obtain a MnO-nanoparticle-coating carbide; and 3, uniformlymixing the carbide and a dilute acid solution, and removing MnO to obtain mesoporous carbon. According to the present invention, the prepared mesoporous carbon has characteristics of high specific surface area, high mesoporosity, large mesopore volume, easily-controlled pore structure and easily-controlled pore size distribution, can greatly reduce the carbonization temperature of the carbon precursor, and can be widely used in the fields of adsorption, catalysis and separation.

The invention discloses a method for preparing cyclopentanone from adipic acid. The method comprises the following steps: (1) filling heat conduction oil in a reaction kettle, stirring, slowly adding a composite catalyst after heating to 100 DEG C, continuously dropping melted adipic acid after continuously heating to 250 DEG C, and controlling the reaction temperature to be 250 to 260 DEG C during the dropping process; (2) after condensing cyclopentanone generated during the reaction and water, collecting the condensed matter as hydrated ketone, and exhausting CO2 gas generated during the reaction from high altitude after being condensed; and (3) rectifying hydrated ketone obtained in the step (2) at normal pressure after being neutralized and salted out through sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride to obtain a cyclopentanone finished product. The composite catalyst is prepared by mixing stannous oxide, borax, strontium carbonate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2:(6-8):0.05. According to the invention, the composite catalyst is adopted, so that the yield of cyclopentanone is improved, the polymerization and the carbonization of organic matters such as cyclopentanone and the like are reduced, produced hydrated ketone can reach more than 98%, and the unit consumption of adipic acid is low.

The invention discloses a coal gasification furnace, a coal gasification system and a preparation method of active coke and relates to the technical field of coal gasification. The invention aims at solving the problem of tedious and complex preparation process of the active coke in the prior art. The coal gasification furnace comprises a gasification area, an activation area and a communication channel, wherein the activation area is positioned under the gasification area; the communication channel is communicated with the gasification area and the activation area; the activation area is internally provided with a primary activation spraying nozzle and a secondary activation spraying nozzle; the secondary activation spraying nozzle is positioned under the primary activation spraying nozzle; semicoke and crude coal gas generated from gasification reaction of raw coal in the gasification area are introduced into the activation area through the communication channel; active coke intermediates are generated by primary activation reaction between the semicoke and primary activation gas sprayed from the primary activation spraying nozzle; the active coke is generated by secondary activation between the active coke intermediates and secondary activation gas sprayed from the secondary activation spraying nozzle.

An improved method and equipment for tissue/vessel sealing is disclosed for the sealing, coagulation and transection of tissue during surgical procedures. The improvement is accomplished through better management of heat and moisture present during tissue treatment by having tissue grasping surfaces comprised of an outer non-conducting region and an inner conductive region, and including channels in the jaw assembly to direct steam and moisture away from surrounding tissue. The outer region follows the perimeter each jaw, isolating the treatment zone and preventing steam and excess heat from leaving the tissue treatment zone, reducing thermal margins and unintended patient burns. The outer region also prevents surrounding moisture from affecting the treatment zone and allowing more consistent results.

A system and method for producing synthetic fuels are disclosed in which a slurry comprised of a particulate solid portion and a carrier liquid portion is provided. The solid portion comprises (i) a feedstock of carbon-containing polymeric materials that are substantially free of each of halogen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, and contain about 5 to about 25 percent by weight water, and (ii) a catalytic amount of metal particles. The carrier liquid portion is a hydrocarbon/oxyhydrocarbon composition. The feedstock constitutes about 10 to about 60 weight percent of the slurry. The slurry is heated anaerobically to provide an elevated temperature of about 250° to about 455° C. and a pressure of about 20 to about 50 atmospheres that are maintained for a time period sufficient to provide a combustible liquid fuel at least 80 percent of which contains about 6 to about 21 carbon atoms per molecule.

The invention relates to a plant-derived PET master batch and a product prepared from the same. According to the invention, anti-carbonization additives including chitin and starch are added into a plant extract, and a modified plant extract is obtained after internal mixing of an internal mixer, so that carbonization in a high-temperature melting process is reduced, and the components of the plant extract are not lost; PET slices and the modified plant extract are blended and melted to prepare plant-derived PET master batch, wherein the master batch is uniform in particle size; and after fiber spinning, film making, bottle blowing or plastic making, the product has fragrance, is helpful for releasing negative ions, and has antibacterial performance, and the moisture regain of fibers is improved.

A preparation method for bone-ash ceramic comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials, specifically performing mechanical beating on raw materials, sieving with a 200 mesh sieve for usage; performing mixing pulping on the prepared raw materials for usage; utilizing pressure to form a green body; drying at 500-600 DEG C; after drying is performed, placing at 0-5 DEG C for 1-2 h; glazing at normal temperature; and putting in a kiln and sintering for forming. According to the preparation technology, roasting for obtaining a green body can be finished at a relatively low temperature, and the prepared bone-ash ceramic has excellent heat stability, high qualified rate and low production cost.

The invention discloses a wood-plastic composite material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-5 parts of cellulose nano fiber, 5-30 parts of plant fiber powder,30-90 parts of polyvinyl chloride particles, 25-80 parts of nano calcium carbonate, 0.5-2 parts of nano zinc oxide, 1-5 parts of an AC foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of a coupling agent and 0.5-3 parts ofa lubricant. In the wood-plastic composite material disclosed by the invention, the cellulose nano fiber is added, which is nanoscale fiber obtained by defibrillation of natural plant fiber and has the properties of great length-diameter ratio, large specific surface area and low thermal expansion and can effectively improve the toughness and impact strength of the wood-plastic composite material. Moreover, the cellulose nano fiber can serve as a foaming nucleation point in the composite material foaming process, and under the action of the foaming agent, is helpful in forming microporous bubbles of the composite material, reducing the bubble size and improving the uniformity of the bubble structure, wherein the microporous structure can make the material light and also can adsorb organicvolatile gases or allergic matters such as formaldehyde generated indoors.

The invention provides a preparing method of a semen cassiae composite fiber of a polyester carrier. The method includes the steps of preprocessing semen cassiae extracts, preparing a wall material, preparing a microcapsule and conducting spinning. The semen cassiae composite fiber of the polyester carrier is high in tow evenness, slippery in silk layer and good in package forming and has the antibacterial rate of 95.5-97.6% for microsporum odouins, the antibacterial rate of 93.9-94.2% for trichophyton schoenleini, the antibacterial rate of 90.8-92.1% for microsporum gypseum, the total anthraquinone wastage rate of 16.36-23.33% and the chrysophanol wastage rate of 6.38-15.79%. The semen cassiae composite fiber has the advantages of keeping the activity of the semen cassiae extracts and reducing the wastage rate and solves the charring problem in the high-temperature fusion spinning process of the semen cassiae extracts and polyester chips.