228results about How to "Resist formation" patented technology

The present invention is directed to the administration of aerosolized particles to specific area of the lungs, and in particular to the targeted delivery of aerosolized pharmaceutical formulations to a specific area of the lungs. More specifically, the present invention relates to devices and methods for depositing aerosolized particles to a specific area of the lungs by regulating aerosolizing parameters of the device. The present invention also relates to devices, systems and methods for disease management, where the aerosolizing parameters are adjusted based on monitoring at least one health parameter.

Embodiments of hydraulic fracturing methods disclosed herein use fine mesh proppant. In one embodiment the method is used to fracture a low permeability formation. In one embodiment the method uses flocculation to improve conductivity of a fracture. In one embodiment fluid flow through the fine mesh proppant in the fracture creates a network of connected channels to improve the fracture conductivity.

The invention relates to a method for the production of a monocrystalline layer on a substrate with a non-adapted lattice. To this end, a monocrystalline substrate with a buried amply defective layer and a monocrystalline layer produce thereon are used. The buried amply defective layer can be produced by hydrogen implantation.

A method for the production of a robust, chemically stable, crystalline, passivated nanoparticle and composition containing the same, that emit light with high efficiencies and size-tunable and excitation energy tunable color. The methods include the thermal degradation of a precursor molecule in the presence of a capping agent at high temperature and elevated pressure. A particular composition prepared by the methods is a passivated silicon nanoparticle composition displaying discrete optical transitions.

A novel cement slurry composed of cement and water that can be used in cement stabilization applications. The cement slurry compound itself is chemically treated, by means of a cellulosic or other thixotropic thickening agent(s) to create a thixotropic system wherein the wetted cement remains in suspension and does not settle out prior to use even without further mixing. A chemical retarder / stabilizer is also used to prevent the slurry from prematurely setting during shipping. A novel apparatus and method for mixing the novel cement slurry is disclosed to insure the exact proportioning of all ingredients and the proper wetting of the cement.

The present invention relates to improved methods for completing well bores along producing zones while controlling formation sands and increasing surface area available for production. Some embodiments of the methods of the present invention provide methods of controlling the migration of formation sand in a well bore and increasing surface area for well production comprising the steps of hydrajetting at least one slot into a zone along a well bore; and, placing a consolidation material comprising particulates into the slot.

An EUV light source plasma source material handling system and method is disclosed which may comprise a droplet generator having a droplet generator plasma source material reservoir in fluid communication with a droplet formation capillary and maintained within a selected range of temperatures sufficient to keep the plasma source material in a liquid form; a plasma source material supply system having a supply reservoir in fluid communication with the droplet generator plasma source material reservoir and holding at least a replenishing amount of plasma source material in liquid form for transfer to the droplet generator plasma source material reservoir, while the droplet generator is on line; a transfer mechanism transferring liquid plasma source material from the supply reservoir to the droplet generator plasma source material reservoir, while the droplet generator is on line. The supply reservoir may comprise a solid form of the plasma source material used to periodically form from a portion of the material in solid form the material in liquid form.

A process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a relatively heavy main feedstock with a boiling point above approximately 350° C., and a relatively light secondary feedstock with a boiling point below approximately 320° C., wherein, the main feedstock, representing at least 50 wt. % of the hydrocarbon feedstock, is cracked in a fluidized-bed reactor in the presence of a cracking catalyst, the secondary feedstock is cracked in a fluidized bed with the same cracking catalyst, separately or mixed with the main feedstock, said secondary feedstock comprising oligomers with at least 8 carbon atoms of light olefins with 4 and / or 5 carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to a composite prosthesis including a coated mesh having at least one opening through a first surface and a second surface of the coated mesh; the coated mesh comprising a mesh and a biocompatible coating substantially surrounding each filament of the mesh, wherein the biocompatible coating is formed by coating the mesh with a polyol prepolymer and curing the prepolymer, the prepolymer comprising a polyalkylene oxide polyol end capped with isocyanate, the polyalkylene oxide polyol having from about 70% to about 95% ethylene oxide groups and the remainder propylene oxide; and a barrier material comprising a biocompatible membrane constructed and arranged to cover at least one surface of the coated mesh, wherein the barrier material comprises a biologic material.

Photoacid generators generate sulfonic acids of formula (1a) upon exposure to high-energy radiation. RC(═O)R1—COOCH(CF3)CF2SO3−H+  (1a) R is hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, hetero-aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy or hetero-aryloxy, R1 is a divalent organic group which may have a heteroatom (O, N or S) containing substituent, or R1 may form a cyclic structure with R. The photoacid generators are compatible with resins and can control acid diffusion and are thus suited for use in chemically amplified resist compositions.

A cleaning method capable of processing at room temperatures without conducting heating, uses little chemicals and water, and does not require special devices or materials. The chemical cleaning processes and rinse processes employ pure water or ultrapure water in a semiconductor wet cleaning process, rinse water or chemicals which suppresses formation of surface oxide films, removes particles and prevent their redeposition, and aids in the hydrogen termination of the silicon atoms. The cleaning method of the resent invention includes cleaning which is conducted using pure water containing ozone, cleaning conducted using a cleaning liquid containing HF, H2O, and surfactant, while applying vibration having a frequency of 500 kHz or more, cleaning conducted using pure water containing ozone, cleaning conducted using a cleaning liquid containing HF and H2O in order to remove oxide films, and cleaning which is conducted using pure water. After cleaning a material to be cleaned using chemicals, rinsing is conducted using pure water or ultrapure water containing hydrogen gas in an amount of 0.5 ppm or more and containing oxygen gas in an amount of 100 ppb or less.

Photoacid generators generate sulfonic acids of formula (1a) or (1c) upon exposure to high-energy radiation.R1—COOCH(CF3)CF2SO3+H+  (1a)R1—O—COOCH(CF3)CF2SO3−H+  (1c)R1 is a C20-C50 hydrocarbon group having a steroid structure. The photoacid generators are compatible with resins and can control acid diffusion and are thus suited for use in chemically amplified resist compositions.

Sulfonate salts have the formula: R1COOCH2CH2CF2CF2SO3−M+ wherein R1 is alkyl, aryl or hetero-aryl, M+ is a Li, Na, K, ammonium or tetramethylammonium ion. Onium salts, oxime sulfonates and sulfonyloxyimides derived from these salts are effective photoacid generators in chemically amplified resist compositions.

A fuel injector for an aero-mechanical injection system for injecting an air / fuel mixture into a turbomachine combustion chamber, the injector comprising a main tubular structure of axis XX′ opening out at a downstream end for delivering the air / fuel mixture, a tubular fuel duct that is disposed inside the main structure and that opens out into the main structure via a fuel atomizer plug so as to introduce fuel into the main structure at a pressure PC into the main structure, at least one air feed channel that opens out into the main structure so as to introduce air at a pressure PA therein, and means for injecting into the fuel duct a gas at a pressure PG that is greater than PA and greater than or equal to PC so as to create effervescence in the fuel on being introduced into the main structure.

There is provided an optical modeling apparatus that forms a model of a desired shape by sequentially forming hardened layers by irradiating a light curable resin with light. The apparatus includes a first light source that emits a light beam for plotting on the resin, a scanning device that scans the light beam from the first light source over the resin, a second light source that emits light that irradiates one fixed region of the resin at a time, a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the light from the second light source and blanket-exposes a specified region of the resin, and an exposure position adjuster that moves, in at least one direction, the light from the spatial light modulator. The light beam from the scanning device and the light from the spatial light modulator form each hardened layer.

According to a metal joining method of the present invention, first and second dissimilar metals are joined together by interposing between the first and second metal materials a third metal material dissimilar to the first and second metal materials and causing eutectic melting at least either at an interface between the first and third metal materials or at an interface between the second and third metal materials.

A magnetic material comprising a NaZn13 type crystal structure with uniform and fine microstructure exhibiting excellent characteristics as a magnetic refrigeration material, and a method of manufacturing the magnetic refrigeration material are provided. An alloy composition for forming magnetic material of the NaZn13 type crystal structure was melted comprising 0.5 atomic percent to 1.5 atomic percent of B to molten metal. The molten metal is rapidly cooled and solidified by a forced cooling process. Then, a rapidly cooled alloy having the NaZn13 type crystal structure was obtained. In this manner, magnetic materials comprising the NaZn13 type crystal structure phase, or the NaZn13 type crystal structure phase accompanied with other phases such as α-Fe phase having very small phase regions was manufactured without requiring heat treatment for a long time. As the result, productivity of manufacturing the magnetic refrigeration material is remarkably enhanced.

A method is provide for using abrasive colloidal particles having multi-component composition comprising mixed 1) metal or metalloid oxides, 2) oxyfluorides, or 3) oxynitrides, each grouping (1, 2, or 3) individually alone or in combination thereof, in a chemical-mechanical manufacturing process for planarizing or polishing metal, semiconductor, dielectric, glass, polymer, optical, and ceramic materials. The particles exhibit a modified surface chemistry performance and have an isoelectric point (pH.sub.IEP) greater than the pH of the dispersed particles in solution, and with a stabilized particle dispersion at pH values of interest for CMP operations. The composition of the multi-component particles may be adjusted as desired, in regard to their chemical or physical properties such as surface chemistry, hardness, solubility, or degree of compatibility with the workpiece material being planarized or polished. Also provided is a chemical-mechanical planarization slurry mixture incorporating such multi-component particles and with a solution chemistry that enhances the CMP effects by in-part adjusting the pH of the solution away from the pH.sub.IEP of the media to maximize dispersion.

Two-stage low pressure catalytic hydrotreatment of heavy petroleum hydrocarbons having a high content of contaminants (metals and asphaltenes), is conducted under operating conditions with low-pressure, in a fixed bed or ebullated bed reactor to limit the formation of sediments and sludge in the product and obtain a hydrotreated hydrocarbon of improved properties, with levels of contaminants, API gravity and distillates within the ranges commonly reported in the feedstocks typical to refining schemes. A hydrotreatment catalyst, whose principal effect is the hydrodemetallization and the hydrocracking of asphaltenes of the heavy hydrocarbons of petroleum is used in the first stage, and the second reaction stage employs a hydrotreatment catalyst for a deeper effect of hydrodesulfurization of the heavy petroleum hydrocarbon whose content of total sulfur is reduced to a level required for its treatment in the conventional refining process or for its sale as a hydrocarbon of petroleum with improved properties.

Sulfonate salts have the formula: HOCH2CH2CF2CF2SO3−M+ wherein M+ is a Li, Na, K, ammonium or tetramethylammonium ion. Onium salts, oxime sulfonates and sulfonyloxyimides derived from these salts are effective photoacid generators in chemically amplified resist compositions.

There is provided an optical modeling apparatus that forms a model of a desired shape by sequentially forming hardened layers by irradiating a light-curable resin with light. The apparatus includes a first light source that emits a light beam for plotting on the resin, a scanning device that scans the light beam from the first light source over the resin, a second light source that emits light that irradiates one fixed region of the resin at a time, and a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the light from the second light source to blanket-expose a specified region of the resin. The light beam from the scanning device and the light from the spatial light modulator form each hardened layer.

A fiber optic cable includes a polymeric jacket defining an outer periphery and a cavity interior thereto, an optical fiber positioned within the cavity, and first and second longitudinal strength elements fully embedded in the jacket on opposite sides of the cavity from one another, where the strength elements define a bend axis of the cable passing there through that is orthogonal to the length of the cable, and the bend axis and the length of the cavity define a preferential plane for bending. The cable resists bending about a third axis that is orthogonal to the length of the cable and the bend axis, where the third axis and the length of the cable define a non-preferential plane for bending. The difference in flexural rigidity between the preferential and non-preferential planes limits formation of spontaneous knots in a coil of the cable while providing flexibility for ease of handling.

A method for the production of a robust, chemically stable, crystalline, passivated nanoparticle and composition containing the same, that emit light with high efficiencies and size-tunable and excitation energy tunable color. The methods include the thermal degradation of a precursor molecule in the presence of a capping agent at high temperature and elevated pressure. A particular composition prepared by the methods is a passivated silicon nanoparticle composition displaying discrete optical transitions.

An improved tempura batter system comprises an improved primer layer and improved batter matrix layer. The batter matrix is formed from a controlled gelling of batter-forming components which balances control of gelatinization, coagulation and gelation with cellular network expansion while managing water mobility and quantity. A balancing of cereals, proteins, leavening system, fat and emulsifier produces effective gelatinization characteristics and controlled formation of outer shell. A network of well-distributed, uniformly-sized gas cells is provided throughout the matrix by employing an aerated and / or emulsified plastic fat.