2155results about How to "Achieve purification" patented technology

The present invention relates to a building block of ecological slope protection vegetation, a fabrication method and a construction technique. The building block is composed of a growing bed body, a lath crib, planting troughs, a vegetation layer and a plant, the lath crib wraps the circumference of the growing bed body, the upper plane of the growing bed body is lower than the upper plane of the lath crib and concave, the vegetation layer is formed on the growing bed body, which matches the inner walls of the sectional area of the lath crib to form an integral building block, and more than one planting troughs are arranged on and run through the growing bed body. The design of the present invention is scientific, the structure is reasonable, the restoration of water ecology can reduce the operating cost, environment is improved, ecology is reinstated, harmonious natural beauty is enhanced, and the present invention is suitable for the nidification of small living creatures and the habitation and the survival of aquatic fishes, so that the cutting-off continuity of water and land regions is restored. The present invention is widely applied to channel slope protection, levee slopes, roadsides, airports, parks, public lands, household lawns, sports grounds, etc. The present invention is suitable for cold regions, damp regions, warm and damp intermediate zone, etc.

The invention provides sustained-release chlorine dioxide gel comprising the following components by weight percent: 0.1% to 5.0% of chlorine dioxide precursor, 1.0% to 10.0% of gel, 0.01% to 2.0% of chelating agent, 0.1% to 10.0% of inclusion agent, 30% to 70% of activating agent, 0.1% to 5.0% of sustained-release agent, 0.1% to 5.0% of stabilizing agent and deionized water in balancing amount. The sustained-release chlorine dioxide gel of the invention is capable of conducting the stable sustained-release process at a certain rate for 3 to 6 months, so the sustained-release chlorine dioxidegel has the advantages of long release period, uniform and stable release rate and lasting effect; the sustained-release chlorine dioxide gel is capable of not only removing formaldehyde from indoor air in an effective, safe and lasting way and ensuring the high removal rate of formaldehyde, but also disinfecting and sterilizing the indoor air continuously and thoroughly purifying the indoor air;moreover, the invention dispenses with high-purity chlorine dioxide gas and further has the advantages of simple preparation method and convenient operation.

The invention discloses a solar water evaporation purification and decomposition device which comprises a water supply line, a float and heat insulation layer, an evaporation layer and a photothermalconversion and solute barrier layer which are connected in sequence from bottom to top. The water supply line enables water to pass through the float and heat insulation layer, and the water is pumpedinto the evaporation layer by virtue of a capillary action; solar energy absorbed by the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer is converted into heat, and water is heated to be vaporized into water vapor from the evaporation layer; due to pore channel volatilization of the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer, partial water vapor is decomposed to produce hydrogen and oxygen; since the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer contains a hydrophobic part and is not infiltrated by water, the solar energy can directly heat a heat-absorbing material only, but not heat water, so that high photothermal conversion efficiency is realized; and meanwhile, the solute in the water is prevented from being separated out on the membrane, and sea water desalination, sewage purification and water decomposition can be realized. Due to the design of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic double-layer evaporation structure, the solar water evaporation purification and decomposition device with high photothermal conversion efficiency and high stability is obtained.

The invention relates to the fields of analytical chemistry and food safety, in particular to a method for detecting the residual quantity of multiple alkaline drugs in animal derived food. Based on the vortex mixed extracting of acetonitrile, isopropanol and citric acid buffer solutions, the purification of a hydrophilic polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid phase extraction column and a cation exchange solid phase extraction column and the liquid phase chromatography-mass spectra determination, the method can detect the residual quantity of multiple alkaline drugs in pork, pork liver, eggs, shrimps and milk, such as beta-receptor agonists,sulfonamides, benzodiazepines, nitroimidazoles, benzimidazoles and triphenylmethanes. The method has the advantages of simple operation, fast and accurate detection and high efficiency.

The invention relates to a method for recovering rare earth from waste rare earth luminescent material, comprising the following steps: collection of waste rare earth luminescent material, including quick identification on rare earth fluorescent lamp and dismantling and breaking of the rare earth fluorescent lamp, breaking of a CRT display, and peeling and collection of the waste rare earth luminescent material and a glass matrix; pretreatment on the waste rare earth luminescent material, including demercuration oxidation precipitation, alkali fusion and acidolysis; extraction separation of rare earth elements to obtain rare earth chloride enrichment; extraction purification of the rare earth elements to obtain high-purity rare earth chloride; precipitation separation of the rare earth elements to obtain oxalate rare earth or carbonic acid rare earth precipitates; and sintering of the oxalate rare earth or carbonic acid rare earth precipitates to obtain high-purity-level rare earth oxide. The method realizes separation of rare earth elements including Ce, Eu, Tb and Y from impurity elements including Mg, Ba, Ca and the like and complete separation and recovery of light, mediate and heavy rare earth elements, and purification is carried out to obtain the high-purity rare earth oxide, so that the resources are comprehensively recycled, the process flow is reasonable, economic and practical, the rare earth recovery rate is high and the added value of the product is high.

The invention relates to an integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device comprising an electrode couple or an three-dimensional electrode as well as an electrolytic bath, a storage battery, solar energy battery components and corresponding controllers and an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the electrode couple or the three-dimensional electrode is loaded with photocatalytic materials; the ultraviolet lamp is used for illuminating a photoelectrode; the solar energy battery components convert the received solar light energy to electric energy which is then transmitted and stored in the storage battery so as to supply power for the ultraviolet lamp and/or the electrode couple intermittently or continuously. The invention integrates an optical chemical oxidation process and an electric chemical oxidation process which both generate enhancement and synergetic effects for improving the water treatment efficiency, or the functions of the optical chemical oxidation process and the electric chemical oxidation process can be independently exerted to realize water purification; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, safe and simple operation, easy realization of automation and safe maintenance, driving the entire water treatment process by wholly or partly utilizing the electric energy converted from the solar energy, solving the problem of high dependence on energy sources in a photoelectrocatalytic water treatment process and being capable of not depending on the traditional power grid in service.

Provided is an air purification structure (1). The air purification structure comprises a cylindrical piece with a cavity. An air inlet (111) is arranged in the upper end of the cylindrical piece and an air outlet (152) is arranged in the lower end. An air filter (12), an air quality sensor (18), an air suction assembly (117) and a control circuit board (19) are arranged in the cavity. The air inlet (111), the air filter (12), the air outlet (152) and the air quality sensor (18) are up-down successively arranged in/on the cylindrical piece. Via the air suction assembly (17), external air can be sucked into the cavity through the air inlet (111), thereby achieving air purification. The air quality sensor (18) is used for detecting air quality index. The control circuit board (19) transfers the air quality index outwards, thereby achieving on and off of the air purification structure (1) according to the air quality index. The air purification structure (1) is capable of providing guiding strategies for the air and performing real-time purification for the air according to the air quality index. Meanwhile, the invention also provides an air purification system including the air purification structure (1).

The invention discloses a multi-functional air purifier and an energy conservation using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection devices. The multi-functional air purifier comprises a purifier body, a purification main air channel, a purification non-work area, a dust collecting air channel, a slideway, a detection and control device and other parts; the purifier body consisting of a stereometric frame structure comprises a front part, a middle part and a rear part; the purification main air channel is positioned in the middle of the purifier body; the purification non-work area and the dust collecting air channel are located at the front of the purifier body; the slideway positioned between the purification non-work area and the purification main air channel is installed in the purifier body; and the detection and control device is installed at the rear of the purifier body. The energy conservation using method of the multi-functional air purifiercan select different working modes to respectively carry out filter purification treatment, dust collecting treatment, toxic and harmful gas absorption and purification treatment and carbon dioxide absorption and purification treatment on indoor air according to the current indoor air quality condition, so as to ensure the air purifier to work at high efficiency with low energy consumption and achieve energy conservation effect.

The invention discloses a sponge city rainwater collecting, purifying and utilizing combination system which comprises a roof rainwater collecting area, a road rainwater collecting area, a greenbelt rainwater collecting area, a water collecting and sand settling tank, a purifying device and an impounding reservoir. An evaporation preventing layer, a soil layer, a water supply layer and a purifying layer are sequentially arranged on the roof rainwater collecting area from top to bottom. Transverse and longitudinal water collecting pipes are arranged in a bottom gravel layer of the road rainwater collecting area. An evaporation preventing layer, a soil layer, a rough sand layer and a purifying layer are sequentially arranged in the greenbelt rainwater collecting area from top to bottom. A filtering grid is arranged in the middle of the impounding reservoir, a water inlet hole and a water overflow hole are formed in the upper portion of the impounding reservoir, and a water drawing pump is arranged at the bottom of the impounding reservoir. The city environment can be greened and beautified, city rainfall flood pressure can be relieved, pollutants in rainwater can be absorbed, water resources can be saved, the rainwater utilization efficiency can be improved, and important reference significance is achieved on sponge city non-point source pollution control and city water shortage relieving.

The invention discloses a filter screen self-cleaning type air impurity removal device, which comprises a shell (1) and a cover (2), a bottom plate (3) is mounted in the shell (1), a cylindrical compound filter screen (5) is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate (3), a seal cover (6) is mounted at the top of the compound filter screen (5), an intake chamber (7) is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a primary filter screen (11), the primary filter screen (11) is driven by a motor (16) to rotate, a dust collection device is arranged under the primary filter screen (11), the bottom of the sidewall of the shell (1) is provided with an air inlet B (8), a fan is mounted in the cover (2), and the sidewall of the cover (2) is provided with an exhaust outlet B (10). The filter screen self-cleaning type air impurity removal device has the following advantages: the air treatment speed is high, the efficiency is high, the effect is good, electricity consumption is low, toxic and harmful substances in the air can be decomposed and adsorbed, and the air can be purified thoroughly; the filter screen can be automatically cleaned without being demounted.

The invention relates to a method for extracting rare earth and aluminum from ion adsorption type rare earth ores. The method includes the steps that (1), ore leaching is performed, wherein an ore leaching agent is added for in-situ ore leaching or pond leaching, and rare earth ore leaching liquid with the rare earth concentration higher than 0.02% is obtained; (2), precipitation is performed, wherein solid and liquid separation is performed after a precipitation agent is added into the rare earth ore leaching liquid for precipitation, and precipitated filter liquor and mixed precipitate containing rare earth and aluminum are obtained; (3), calcination is performed, wherein the mixed precipitate containing rare earth and aluminum is calcinated, and calcinated products containing rare earth oxide and alpha-aluminum oxide are obtained; and (4), leaching out is performed, wherein solid and liquid separation is performed after a chlorination leaching agent is added into the calcinated products containing rare earth oxide and alpha-aluminum oxide for leaching out, chlorinated rare earth leaching-out liquid and filter residues containing alpha-aluminum oxide are obtained, rare earth oxide is extracted from the chlorinated rare earth leaching-out liquid, and aluminum oxide fine products are extracted from the filter residues containing alpha-aluminum oxide. The method is simple in technology, precipitation is directly performed without impurity removal, and by means of the dissolution property difference of the calcinated products in an acid environment, the rare earth and the aluminum can be separated and recycled.

The invention provides an integrated pesticide residue detection pretreatment device and a pretreatment method. The device comprises a cup body, a filter, a liquid divider, a jigger, a solid phase extraction column and a test tube, wherein a crushing homogenizer is arranged in the cup body, and the bottom of the cup body is connected with the filter; the liquid divider is arranged on the bottom of the filter to be used for carrying out standing stratification on filter liquid flowing out of the filter, and the bottom of the liquid divider is connected with a three-way valve; the jigger is connected with one opening of the three-way valve to be used for quantitatively collecting a target compound, and the bottom end of the jigger is provided with a second graduating valve; the solid phase extraction column is connected on the bottom of the jigger to be used for eluting the target compound; and the test tube is used for collecting eluent and is also connected with a nitrogen flow system used for concentrating the eluent. The device and the method integrate the processes of crushing, homogenizing, ultrasonic vibrating, suction filtration, liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, concentrating constant volume and the like; the treatment method is simple and has high efficiency, and the treatment device is convenient and simple, practical and portable and can be used for on-site operation.

The invention discloses a method for recovering a high-purity organic salt from phosphorous-containing industrial wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: evaporating and concentrating the phosphorous-containing high-salt industrial wastewater to obtain an organic salt rough product; washing the inorganic salt rough product by using a washing solution; removing phosphorous from the inorganic salt rough product; keeping the washed inorganic salt rough product in contact with oxygen-containing gas at the temperature of less than or equal to 1,000 DEG C; and carbonizing to obtain the high-purity inorganic salt, wherein the washing solution is salt water or industrial wastewater with high inorganic salt content. The method realizes resource recycling of industrial salt, phosphorous in the salt is removed by the high-salt wastewater, the treatment of wastes with wastes is realized, and the economic benefit is prominent; the method has the advantages of short process flow, no wastewater discharge, incapability of producing secondary pollution which is difficult to treat, recyclability of tail gas, obvious environmental protection effect and suitability for industrial application; meanwhile, the method is widely applied; and the purification of the industrial salt can be realized by using the method for all the pesticides and even high-salt wastewater in other industries.

The invention discloses a method and device for treating nondegradable organic waste gas by combining low-temperature plasma with organisms. After being collected, organic waste gas is sequentially treated through a low-temperature plasma reactor and a biological treatment reactor and finally exhausted to the atmosphere through a chimney. In the low-temperature plasma reactor, polycyclic aromatichydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, heterocycle compounds and an organic nitrile compound which are insoluble in water and nonbiodegradable are oxidized into low-carbon organic acid, alcohol, esterand other organic compounds which are soluble in water and biodegradable by utilizing substances with strong oxidizing property, such as O3, OH., H2O2, O. and high-energy electrons generated by high voltage discharge. In the biological treatment reactor, the organic acid, the alcohol, the ester and other organic compounds are further converted into CO2, H2O and other inorganic compounds under theaction of microorganisms. Through the treatment, the total purification efficiency of nondegradable organic compounds containing benzene, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, phenol and the like in waste gas can be up to over 90 percent.

The invention discloses an air purification device adopting cooperation of plasma, an ultrasonic technology and catalysis. The air purification device is characterized by comprising a channel selection unit A (1), wherein an air outlet of the channel selection unit A (1) is connected with an air inlet of a discharge purification unit (2), an air outlet of the discharge purification unit (2) is connected with an air inlet of a photocatalytic processing unit (3), an air outlet of the photocatalytic processing unit (3) is connected with an air inlet of an ozone catalyst bed (4), an air outlet of the ozone catalyst bed (4) is connected with an air inlet of a flow adjusting unit (5), and an air outlet of the flow adjusting unit (5) is connected with an air inlet of an air quality detection unit (6). The air purification device adopting cooperation of the plasma, the ultrasonic technology and the catalysis uses the plasma, the ultrasonic technology and the catalysis technology to purify air and can purify poisonous gas and solid particles in the air quickly and efficiently and realize sterilization.

The invention discloses a microspherical ethylene oxychlorination catalyst preparation method, which comprises the following six steps: solution preparation; precipitation and reaction; peptization; active component and assistant component homogenization; spray forming; and post-treatment. Solution of an active component and solution of an assistant component are dissolved in peptized pulp; a proper amount of dispersant and pore-expanding agent are added into the pulped sol solution to ensure the active component and the assistant component are uniformly distributed in the sol solution; the dispersant can prevent active and assistant component deposition caused by the prolongation of spray time; and the added proper amount of pore expanding agent can expand formed pore passage with a microspherical structure in a spraying process of the sol solution so as to improve the volume of the pore passage of a catalyst carrier and improve the pore volume and specific area of the catalyst.

The invention relates to a cobalt-cesium oxide catalyst for purifying carbon particles and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a catalyst for treating motor vehicle tail gas pollution, especially for treating the carbon particles from diesel vehicle tails gas, as well as the preparation method thereof. The catalyst is a double-oxide composite catalyst, in particular a catalyst which consists of cobalt loaded on nano cerium dioxide or bulk phase mixed oxide of the cobalt and the cesium, and does not contain precious metal components. The catalyst is nano particles and is suitable for processing the carbon particles in the diesel vehicle tail gas; and the minimum combustion peak temperature reaches 364 DEG C under the condition that the catalyst loosely contacts the carbon particles, which corresponds to the catalytic combustion activity of the carbon particles and the loaded precious metal catalyst.

The invention discloses modified polyurethane suspended filler which comprises, by weight, 10 parts to 80 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate, 10 parts to 80 parts of activated carbon, 60 parts to 80 parts of polyurethane, 1 part to 10 parts of water-soluble polyurethane solutions, 0 part to 10 parts of bioactivator, 0 part to 1 part of inorganic metal salt, 0 part to 20 parts of organic high-molecular polymer and 0 part to 10 parts of inorganic flocculate. A preparation method of the modified polyurethane suspended filler includes the steps of taking the 10 parts to 80 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate, the 10 parts to 80 parts of activated carbon, the 0 part to 10 parts of bioactivator, the 0 part to 1 part of inorganic metal salt, the 0 part to 20 parts of organic high-molecular polymer and the 0 part to 10 parts of inorganic flocculate, dissolving the mixture in the 1 part to 10 parts of water-soluble polyurethane solutions, soaking the 60 parts to 80 parts of polyurethane in the solution to obtain the loaded polyurethane suspended filler, and conducting secondary drying after primary drying is conducted to obtain the modified polyurethane suspended filler. The modified polyurethane suspended filler has the advantages of being high in porosity and large in specific area.

The invention relates to waste processing, in particular to a method and a device for purifying waste liquid from pig cultivation, which solves the problem that the waste liquid of pig cultivation pollutes the environment. After solid and liquid waste generated by pig cultivation is separated, absorption, filtration and automatic purification technology is used for enabling the separated waste liquid from pig cultivation to enter into a first absorption pool for first absorption and filtration, then filtrated liquid enters an automatic purification depositing pool for purification depositing processing and then a second absorption pool for second absorption and filtration processing, and lastly, the processed waste water reaches the standard and is discharged. The device for purifying waste liquid from pig cultivation comprises a first absorption and filtration pool, an automatic purification depositing pool and a second absorption and filtration pool which are sequentially communicated, wherein filtration material is arranged in the absorption and filtration pools, and the filtration material is only one or a plurality of layers of furnace slag, crop stems, zeolite and gravel. The invention has simple technology, low cost and easy application, and is suitable for the purification and the standard discharge of the waste liquid from family type pig farms or small pig farms.

A technology for treating organic waste water and resources is carried out by taking one or two or above organic waste water of phenol, aniline, toluene, butylenes oxide, cyclohexanol, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, methyl cyanide, methanol, methanol, methane acid etc. as raw materials, reform reacting organic substance with water at 180-350 degree under action of ranikel catalyst and 1-16 M pa and generating hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. It's cheap and efficient and has continuous or intermittent production.

The invention discloses a preparation method of micro-nano sparkling water. The method sequentially includes the following steps of firstly, exerting pressure on gas-liquid mixed fluid to make the fluid rotate at a high speed, guiding the gas-liquid mixed fluid into an elliptic container, and forming a negative pressure axis in the middle of the elliptic container through the gas-liquid mixed fluid; secondly, concentrating mixed gas in the gas-liquid mixed fluid or external gas to the negative pressure axis under the suction force of the negative pressure axis in the elliptic container; thirdly, spraying the high-speed-rotating gas-liquid mixed fluid out of jet ports of the two ends of the elliptic container to product micro-nano bubbles. Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the micro-nano sparkling water are explored and applied to the field of scientific and technological agriculture such as soilless cultivation, fruit and vegetable cleaning, biological repairing, dirty water processing and the like, and a solution is provided for further utilizing the micro-nano sparkling water.

The invention relates to a low-temperature plasma waste gas purifying method. Waste gas enters a box body via an air inlet; the waste gas entering the box body is firstly required to be subjected to pretreatment of a high-temperature gas-liquid filtering net; the waste gas subjected to pretreatment enters a processing chamber; molecules in the waste gas can be decomposed in extremely short time due to low-temperature plasma in the processing chamber; the waste gas passing through the processing chamber enters a gas remixing chamber; concentration of the waste gas is uniform due to the gas remixing chamber so as to prepare for the entering of the waste gas in a second processing chamber; the waste gas passing through the gas remixing chamber enters the second processing chamber to be further decomposed. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that under the acceleration effect of an electric field to the processing chambers, high-energy electrons are generated in stainless steel tubes, when the average energy of the electrons exceeds the molecule chemical bond energy of a target management object, the molecule bond cracks so as to achieve the aim of eliminating gaseous pollutants; by multi-stage processing, pollutant molecules can be easily decomposed efficiently; the processing energy consumption is low; the secondary pollution is prevented.

The invention provides an aquatic plant fixing device for repairing water and bottom mud, and belongs to the field of a water pollution recovery technique in environmental protection. The device comprises a submerged plant fixing frame, two floating frames, a nylon net, an ecological floating plate, a sliding rail, a connecting rope and a plant growth substrate, wherein the frames are used for including emergent plants, floating plants and submerged plants into a same system, the frames are connected through a connecting rope to form a triangular stable structure, two floating frames are used for respectively planting the emergent plants and the floating plants, a submerged frame is connected with a submerged plant growing substrate, the water and the bottom mud are repaired by the submerged plants, microbes are doped in the submerged plant growing substrate to promote the plants to absorb and convert pollutants to realize microbe-plant combined repair. According to the aquatic plant fixing device provided by the invention, the optimization of types of plants and space structure can be realized, environment can be beautified, and water quality can be purified; meanwhile, the water and the bottom mud can be repaired, and more thorough and effective repair can be realized.

The invention discloses a method for multi-season toadstool planting in high, cold and high-altitude areas. The method includes the following steps of 1 separation and cloning of toadstool fruiting bodies, 2 making of cultivated species, 3 making of externally aided nutrition bags. The method is not limited by natural conditions such as high and cold conditions and high altitude, toadstool can be planted in an all-year, large-scale and standardized mode, used materials are wide in source, quick and convenient, waste can be turned into wealth, life and production waste such as waste paper, waste paper boxes, plant ash, crop straws, plant ash and decomposed poultry and livestock manure is recycled, and the method is a sunlight greenhouse out-of-season toadstool planting technology which is high in fruiting repeatability, high and stable in yield, economic and environmentally friendly.

The invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technologies and resource recycling and relates to a device and method for recovering ammonia during wastewater treatment. In the invention, on the basis of chemical equilibrium and the difference of boiling points of NH3 and H2O, a principle that ammonia volatilizes and water does not volatilize when the temperature is controlled at 40-60 DEG C and the vacuum degree is controlled at 0.04-0.06MPa is adopted, and processes of vacuum and bubbling reinforced stirring and falling film heating are utilized under a lower temperature by utilizing a vacuum falling film bubbling and deaminizing device to enlarge the contact surface between a gas phase and a liquid phase and enhance the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen, and the volatilized ammonia is recovered by utilizing the negative pressure to avoid air pollution. By means of the method and the device disclosed by the invention, the advantages of high recovery rate, low energy consumption, convenience for operation and capability of continuous and intermittent production are achieved.

The invention relates to an electro-deionization method and device for concentrating and purifying heavy metal wastewater synchronously, belonging to a wastewater treatment technique, which adopts first-stage two-section or first-stage multi-section electro-deionization device, wherein the inner sides of the positive and negative poles are arranged with corresponding pole protection chambers, the desalting chamber is filled with large-hole strong-acid strong-base mixed bed resin with narrow particles distributed; cation exchange film is adopted as the direction-turning film, after direction-turning, two adjacent concentration chambers are arranged continuously, both are separated by cation exchange film, simultaneously after direction-turning, the first concentration chamber is filled with large-hole mixed bed resin with the volume of cathode resin more than 50 percent, the heavy metal wastewater to be treated enters the desalting chamber and the concentration chamber in two paths, the heavy metal ion and cathode in the desalted water flow are transferred into the concentration chamber so as to obtain the desalted water, the concentrated water flow is partially circulated or closely circulated so as to obtain the concentrated liquid of metal wastewater, thereby recycling valence metals and pure water resources synchronously and realizing zero emission and resource treatment of wastewater. Compared with the prior art, the wastewater treatment process has higher separation efficiency, more reliable operation, more convenient operation, continuous process operation and no secondary pollution.