The invention discloses a substrate dust-removal device for processing a diffusion diaphragm. The substrate dust-removal device comprises an unwinding frame, a material reel, a substrate, a guiding roller, an electrostatic eliminator, traction rollers, a traction motor, a suction hood, an air filter, an exhaust pipe, a centrifugal fan, an injection frame, a spraying head fixing frame, a branch airpipe, a total air pipe and high-frequency solenoid valves. Through unwinding of the unwinding frame and cooperation of the guiding roller and the traction rollers, the substrate moves horizontally onthe top face of the dust-removal device at the constant speed, passes through the electrostatic eliminator firstly from right to left for electrostatic eliminating, and then enters the upper part ofthe suction hood, a controller controls the high-frequency solenoid valves to sequentially be closed and opened, thus high-frequency pulse airflow is formed to impact the surface of the substrate, dust is disengaged from the surface of the substrate, dust-containing gas is sucked by the suction hood, filtered by the air filter and then is discharged to the indoor space, in the whole process, the traction rollers and the guiding roller do not make contact with the surface of the substrate, abrasion of dust particles on the surface of the substrate is reduced, and the substrate is protected.