1968results about "Anchoring bolts" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of surrounding rock supporting, and provides an aging cracking and multi-source dynamic response self-adaptive supporting system and method in order to improve the supporting reliability, and the state of surrounding rock is sensed in real time through a multi-source sensing module; the aging damage model can comprehensively and dynamically evaluate the damage state of the surrounding rock of the mixed rock, and progressive instability accidents such as hysteresis rock burst can be effectively prevented; the dynamic disturbance model can analyze the damage effect of dynamic loads such as TBM tunneling and blasting on mixed rock surrounding rock in real time, a millisecond-level dynamic risk assessment result is provided for a self-adaptive support system, and instant instability accidents are effectively restrained. The self-adaptive support of the dynamic execution module is realized by combining the parallel decision of the aging damage model and the dynamic disturbance model, the problem that the traditional support depends on static geological data and is difficult to adapt to the dynamic damage change of the surrounding rock is solved, the stability and reliability of the support system are remarkably improved, and the engineering cost and the safety risk are reduced.

The invention provides a deep coal seam roadway surrounding rock stability intelligent early warning method, and relates to the technical field of coal mine dynamic disaster prevention and control. According to the intelligent early warning method for the stability of the surrounding rock of the deep coal seam roadway, a basic sample library is constructed through a dynamic and static combined loading rock test; synchronously collecting field surrounding rock static stress and micro-seismic data and carrying out time sequence polymerization; constructing an equivalent dynamic and static combined stress index based on a dynamic and static load superposition principle, and forming a seismic-force coupling feature vector; establishing an LSTM early warning model, adopting a transfer learning strategy, pre-training by using laboratory data, and then performing fine tuning by using field data; inputting the real-time feature vector into a model and outputting an instability probability; and verifying and correcting the probability based on actual deformation data of the surrounding rock, and applying a missing report sample to online incremental updating of the model. According to the method, the dynamic and static load coupling effect is quantified, the difficulty of small sample training is overcome, and accurate and self-adaptive early warning of the deep roadway surrounding rock instability risk is realized through a physical feedback closed-loop correction mechanism.

The invention discloses a tunnel construction method for a large deformation section of soft rock, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction for the large deformation section of the soft rock, and the tunnel construction method for the large deformation section of the soft rock comprises the following steps: drilling shallow large-aperture stress release holes and deep small-aperture stress release holes to form a layered release system; differential pressure grouting is conducted around the stress release holes, and a deep reinforcing ring and a shallow coupling ring are formed; a steel frame is erected, and a three-stage stretching locking bottom supporting assembly is installed to form a closed supporting ring; the bottoms of the adjacent steel frames are crossly connected through prestressed pull rods to form an integral rigid grid; a secondary lining is constructed after the longitudinal attenuation conduction period is judged according to the surrounding rock deformation spatial-temporal characteristics; inverted arch first and then arch wall segmented pouring is adopted, and a delayed expanding agent is doped into arch wall concrete. The method can effectively control surrounding rock deformation in the tunnel construction process of the large deformation section of the soft rock, improves the overall rigidity and stability of a supporting system, ensures that the lining is tightly attached to the surrounding rock, and reduces the construction risk.

The invention discloses a kilometer deep well roadway toughness regulation and control supporting system and a dynamic design method, and belongs to the field of deep well roadway supporting. The supporting system comprises a multi-layer collaborative structure and an intelligent regulation and control module, the multi-layer collaborative structure sequentially comprises a shape memory alloy energy absorption layer used for resisting impact loads and a gradient pore foam metal buffer layer used for energy grading dissipation from inside to outside, and the multi-layer collaborative structure is connected with roadway surrounding rock in an anchoring mode through an anchor rod anchoring structure; the intelligent regulation and control module comprises a distributed optical fiber sensor array used for monitoring surrounding environment signals of surrounding rock in real time, an electrostriction driver used for regulating and controlling the rigidity of the multi-layer cooperative structure and a multi-channel data fusion terminal used for achieving underground and surface data transmission synchronization. By the adoption of the kilometer deep well roadway toughness regulation and control supporting system and the dynamic design method, the problems that a traditional supporting mode is too high in material rigidity, lacks dynamic regulation and control capacity and is insufficient in impact toughness can be solved.

The invention discloses an invasion limit surrounding rock excavation method for a large deformation section of soft rock, and relates to the technical field of invasion limit surrounding rock excavation construction for the large deformation section of the soft rock. The invasion limit surrounding rock excavation method for the large deformation section of the soft rock comprises the steps that refined partitioning of an invasion limit body is achieved through dense scanning and loose circle testing; dividing the invasion limiting body into a core pressure-bearing area and a peripheral stress relaxation area; a main stress diversion arch crossing an invasion limit section is constructed through full-ring radial grouting reinforcement and erection of a strong profile steel temporary cover arch, and effective stress transfer is achieved; the mode of subarea gradual type dismantling and chiseling and instant supporting is adopted, a peripheral stress relaxation area is treated firstly, then a core pressure-bearing area is treated, and surrounding rock disturbance is reduced; the circumferential stress equalization is realized by compensating grouting in stages and dynamically adjusting the grouting pressure according to real-time monitoring data. According to the method, the excavation construction safety of the invasion limit surrounding rock of the large deformation section of the soft rock can be improved, surrounding rock disturbance is reduced, stress distribution is optimized, and the treatment efficiency of the invasion limit surrounding rock is improved.

An anchor rod mounting trolley belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction and comprises a movable chassis, a grouting system and an operation system. The operating system comprises a working arm, a hanging basket device and a propelling device; the grouting system and the working arm are both installed on the movable chassis, the hanging basket device is installed on the working arm, and the propelling device is installed on the hanging basket device. The grouting system is used for injecting grout into an anchor rod hole; the working arm is used for adjusting the positions of the hanging basket device and the propelling device relative to the anchor rod hole; and the propelling device is used for inserting the anchor rod body into the grouted anchor rod hole. The mechanical degree can be improved, the labor intensity is reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a half coal rock digging and anchoring all-in-one machine, and relates to the technical field of mining devices, the half coal rock digging and anchoring all-in-one machine comprises a pair of rear drill arm parts arranged on a machine body part, and each rear drill arm part comprises a swing oil cylinder III and a rear onboard jumbolter; a recoil force grading detection mechanism is arranged between the swing oil cylinder III and the rear onboard jumbolter; the recoil force grading detection mechanism comprises a recoil force sensor, a first microswitch, a buffer mechanism and a connecting mechanism. By arranging the recoil force grading detection mechanism, recoil force is transmitted to the mounting plate during working, the mounting plate drives the swing oil cylinder plate to act through the connecting mechanism, the connecting plate of the buffer mechanism triggers a first microswitch firstly and then abuts against a recoil force sensor, and grading detection of the recoil force is achieved; the mechanism solves the problem that the angle deflection of the rear onboard jumbolter is caused by the recoil force but is lack of effective grading detection, avoids the risk of compensation failure caused by the fault of a single detection element, and improves the detection reliability of the recoil force.

The invention discloses a soft rock waterproof layer construction method for a soft rock large-deformation section tunnel, and relates to the technical field of soft rock waterproof layer construction of the soft rock large-deformation section tunnel. The construction method of the soft rock waterproof layer for the tunnel at the large deformation section of the soft rock comprises the steps that a sprayed concrete layer is constructed, a full-ring-shaped steel arch frame is erected, system anchor rods are constructed, concrete is sprayed again after full-length grouting is conducted, and a primary supporting layer containing a grouting reinforcing ring is formed; locking anchor pipe grouting is carried out on the arch springing part to form a local reinforced waterproof bearing body; based on deformation monitoring data, dynamic judgment is carried out, and radial reinforcing grouting is carried out on the obvious deformation part; and after deformation is stable, a waterproof layer is laid, a secondary lining is poured, and a composite waterproof system is formed. The waterproof reliability and the structural durability of the soft rock waterproof layer of the tunnel at the large deformation section of the soft rock can be improved.

The utility model provides an anchor rod for mining engineering, which relates to the technical field of anchor rods and comprises an anchor rod body, a cushion block and a tray are sleeved on the surface of the anchor rod body, a nut is in threaded connection with the arc surface of the anchor rod body, and a reinforcing device is arranged on the surface of the tray. The reinforcing device forms certain connection on adjacent anchor rod bodies installed on the surface of a rock mass through adjusting plates, the reinforcing device comprises a connecting plate, the two sides of the surface of the connecting plate are slidably connected with the adjusting plates correspondingly, and a plurality of evenly-distributed clamping grooves are formed in the surface of the connecting plate; an installation shaft is rotatably arranged on the surface of one side of the adjusting plate, the installation shaft is fixedly connected with the surfaces of the trays, and rotating shafts are installed on the two sides of the surface of the adjusting plate respectively. The use effect and functionality of the anchor rod are improved, and the application range of the anchor rod is widened.

The invention discloses a full-space active and passive reinforced supporting method for a deep roadway, and relates to the technical field of deep roadway supporting. The method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining a roadway surrounding rock structure, ground stress and surrounding rock physical and mechanical parameters; s2, determining the ranges of a broken area, a plastic area and an elastic area of the surrounding rock of the deep roadway; s3, variable-diameter pressure relief drill holes are constructed to reduce the surrounding rock stress; s4, an anchor net is supported, and concrete is sprayed to block the surface of the surrounding rock; s5, grouting reinforcement is conducted, and anchor rod cables are installed; s6, a full-space concrete filled steel tube support is erected; and S7, a roadway bottom plate is poured, and concrete spraying is conducted on the surface of the surrounding rock so that the support can be embedded. According to the surrounding rock control method, active bearing of the roadway surrounding rock and passive supporting of the full-space support can be effectively coordinated, the cooperative bearing capacity of the deep roadway can be improved, and safety and stability of the deep roadway are guaranteed.

The invention provides an anchor-plate-injection collaborative supporting method for active water sealing. The anchor-plate-injection collaborative supporting method is applied to various laneways penetrating through water-containing stratums, especially to construction of vertical shafts constructed through a freezing method. During freezing method construction, a freezing wall is formed firstly, a section height is excavated, an anchor rod is drilled and constructed after the section height is excavated, and if water exists after excavation, forced drainage needs to be carried out to enable the displacement to be larger than the water inflow so as to ensure that no accumulated water exists on a working face; the steel plates are fixed through anchor rods, so that grouting gaps are formed between the steel plates and the well wall; a gap between the bottom edge of the steel plate and the well side is blocked by a certain height through foam; grout is injected through a grouting pipe on the lower portion of the steel plate, and a primary supporting structure is formed after solidification; secondary and more supporting can be carried out immediately or after primary supporting of multiple section heights is formed, and a permanent supporting structure is formed. A traditional passive waterproof mode is broken through, and active water plugging can be achieved; the method adapts to various construction methods and stratums; the temporary support is essentially different from a traditional anchor-shotcrete net temporary support, and the construction efficiency is higher.

The utility model relates to a constant-resistance yield anchor rod and anchor cable, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, rock and soil slope treatment and mining engineering supporting. The anchor rod comprises a yield pipe, a rod body, an extrusion head and a force transmission system, the yield pipe is a straight circular steel pipe, periodic indentation lines are arranged on the middle section of the outer wall of the yield pipe, and constant-resistance energy absorption is achieved through gradual buckling deformation of the indentation lines; the rod body penetrates through an inner cavity of the yield pipe, an extrusion head with hardness higher than that of the pipe wall is fixed at the near end, and a birdcage-shaped expanding device is arranged at the far end to enhance anchoring; the force transmission system ensures the load transmission efficiency through a supporting base plate and a force transmission ring. According to the utility model, the contradiction between material strength and ductility is converted into controllable buckling deformation through structural collaborative design, and the controllable buckling deformation anchor rod has the advantages of low cost, long displacement energy absorption (millimeter-meter level), controllable bearing capacity level (yield pipe > extrusion head > rod body), multi-scene adaptation and the like, and is suitable for rock-soil body support under the conditions of earthquake, rock burst and large deformation of surrounding rock.

The invention discloses a multifunctional all-in-one unit for drilling and blasting method construction and a construction technology, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, the multifunctional all-in-one unit comprises a rack assembly, a left drilling arch arm frame, a left drilling arm frame, a vertical arch arm frame, a right drilling arm frame, a right drilling arch arm frame, a guniting arm frame, a pumping system, a hydraulic system and an electrical system; a vertical arch module of the left drilling arch arm frame, a vertical arch module of the vertical arch arm frame and a vertical arch of the right drilling arch arm frame snatch a left arch frame, a middle arch frame and a right arch frame to carry out arch erecting and mesh welding operation; a charging hanging basket is arranged at the front end of the rack assembly; the rock drilling modules of the left drilling arch arm frame and the right drilling arch arm frame work independently or cooperatively in cooperation with the left drilling arm frame and the right drilling arm frame and are used for drilling anchor rod holes and blast holes. According to the invention, multiple functions such as drilling of blast holes, charging of a hanging basket, blasting, erecting of meshes, anchor rod operation, guniting and the like can be integrated, parallel working procedures or seamless connection of the working procedures can be realized, and the construction progress can be greatly improved.

The invention discloses a deep mine rockburst risk dynamic assessment and active prevention and control system, and relates to the technical field of rockburst risk assessment and prevention and control. Comprising a data acquisition module, a preprocessing module, a dynamic evaluation module, an active prevention and control decision module, a prevention and control execution module, a system monitoring and feedback module and a data storage and authority management module, is interacted through a mining intrinsic safety type communication network, adapts to underground working conditions and supports 24-hour operation; the data acquisition module deploys multiple types of monitoring equipment, and dynamically adjusts frequency encryption transmission; the preprocessing module filters noise and interpolates to ensure data integrity; the dynamic evaluation module updates the risk level in combination with indexes and algorithms; the decision-making module matches the prevention and control scheme and needs to be audited; the execution module is in butt joint with equipment control parameters; the monitoring module measures the state calculation effect; and the storage and authority module performs dual-backup, and performs hierarchical authorization trace leaving. According to the method, the problems of lag and low efficiency of traditional rockburst prevention and control are solved, evaluation accuracy and prevention and control efficiency are improved, risk closed-loop management is realized, safety and cost are balanced, and mining safety is guaranteed.

The invention discloses an anchor rod and grouting combined reinforcement control method for surrounding rock of an argillaceous weak cemented roadway, relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway support, and solves the problems of poor anchoring performance of an anchor rod, insufficient grouting pertinence and poor grouting and anchoring collaboration in the prior art. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that grouting and supporting parameter collaborative design is conducted; after roadway tunneling, full-section concrete spraying sealing is immediately carried out; deep and shallow hole step-by-step differential grouting is conducted, shallow hole low-pressure permeation is conducted firstly to form a shallow reinforcing ring, and then deep hole high-pressure splitting is conducted to form a deep reinforcing area; and finally, high-pretightening-force anchor rods (cables) are installed to form a cooperative bearing body. The reinforcing ring layer with the reasonable strength gradient is formed, efficient cooperation of surrounding rock modification and active supporting is achieved, and the supporting reliability and the overall stability of surrounding rock are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to small-section rock tunnel construction integrated equipment and a construction method. The small-section rock tunnel construction integrated equipment comprises a heading machine, a spraying mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a transport vehicle, wherein the spraying mechanism and the supporting mechanism are carried on a heading machine vehicle body, and the transport vehicle corresponds to a slag outlet of a cantilever type heading device. The concrete wet spraying device and the anchor rod drilling device are carried on the upper portion of the cantilever type heading machine body, and uninterrupted continuous operation of tunneling, deslagging and supporting can be achieved by reasonably arranging the positions and the operation sequence of the concrete wet spraying system, the anchor rod drilling device, the deslagging vehicle and the concrete mixer truck. And meanwhile, participation of constructors is effectively reduced, manpower is saved, and the efficiency and safety of tunnel construction are improved.

The invention discloses a spiral ground pile group anchoring system and method based on force decomposition synergy. The system comprises two spiral ground piles, an auxiliary mooring rope with the two ends connected with the ground piles and a main cable arranged between the auxiliary mooring rope. When the main cable is pulled, the auxiliary cable is forced to form a break angle by tensile force, and the two ground piles are mutually tensioned by horizontal component force generated by decomposition of the tensile force, so that a soil body between the piles is powerfully compacted. The compacted soil forms high-strength constraint, the uplift bearing capacity of the whole system is remarkably improved, and the synergistic purpose of '1 + 1gt, 2' is achieved. The device is simple in structure, low in cost, remarkable in synergism and particularly suitable for being matched with a double-head pile driver (a full-electric unmanned multi-foot double-head reverse spiral ground pile driver used in a low-adhesion environment and a cooperative control method thereof 2025120033595) to achieve rapid deployment.

The invention relates to the technical field of ground stress testing, in particular to anchor rod equipment for testing ground stress of an underground chamber, an anchoring body is arranged at the bottom of an anchor hole, and anchoring surfaces are arranged on two opposite sides of the anchoring body so as to directionally extrude surrounding rock outside the chamber through the anchoring surfaces to obtain anchoring stress of the chamber in a set direction; the two ends of the anchor rod are connected with the anchoring body and the load piece through threaded connection structures correspondingly. The loading part is arranged at the hole opening of the anchor hole, the drawing device and the stress meter are arranged between the loading part and the hole opening of the anchor hole, the anchoring faces are arranged on the two sides of the anchoring body, the interaction between the anchor rod and the surrounding rock when the anchor rod is drawn in the rock mass is converted into different drawing forces, and then the ground stress of the surrounding rock of the chamber in a certain direction can be obtained. Therefore, the ground stress direction and size of the surrounding rock of the underground chamber are tested.

The invention discloses automatic grouting equipment for rock anchor rod foundation construction, and relates to the technical field of automatic grouting equipment, the automatic grouting equipment comprises a grouting pipe, a grouting connector and a grouting stopping mechanism, the grouting connector comprises a front connector and a rear connector which are detachably connected, the front connector is in butt joint with a rock anchor rod, and the rear connector is communicated with the grouting pipe; the grout stopping mechanism comprises a plugging piece and a sliding cylinder, the plugging piece comprises a sleeve and a concentric pipe coaxially and rotatably connected to the sleeve, and a plurality of first petal bodies distributed in a circumferential array are fixedly connected between the sleeve and the front connector; according to the automatic grouting equipment for rock anchor rod foundation construction, a rear connector is rotated through threads to be detached from a front connector, in the detaching process, a sliding barrel can be driven to move along the axis of a sleeve, and a concentric pipe rotates by a certain angle through a spiral sliding structure; and the overlapping station of each second petal body and each first petal body moves to the blocking station of each second petal body blocking each flow port one by one.

The invention provides a three-step multi-working-face short-circulation weak-blasting step-pitch-control rapid construction method, which comprises the following steps of: dividing the section of a thin-layer schist tunnel into four parts, namely an upper step, a middle step, a lower step and an inverted arch, and carrying out excavation and support construction on the upper step, the middle step, the lower step and the inverted arch; by means of reducing the height of an upper step, jointly constructing short-step excavation, loose blasting and mechanical excavation, dynamically adjusting the combination of construction working faces and the like, it is guaranteed that thin-layer schist tunnel construction achieves the purposes of rapidly closing and forming a ring, reducing surrounding rock disturbance and improving construction safety and efficiency.

The invention discloses a vertical shaft and inclined shaft non-blasting excavation construction method and a working platform. A guide shaft space is constructed through mutual cooperation of a forward drilling machine and a raise boring machine; measuring and setting out the section, determining the construction footage, and generating drilling coordinates according to the geometrical relationship between the pilot well space and the tunnel face; according to a preset rule, splitting hole sites of a staggered hole net are arranged on the outer edge and the interior of the section; according to the drilling coordinates and the splitting hole positions, splitting the rock mass through a splitting rod according to preset parameters; collecting and obtaining hole periphery convergence data in real time, and correcting the construction footage according to the data feedback; collecting the slag charge of the tunnel face to a guide well mouth through mechanical slagging-off operation, and sliding the slag through the guide well; and carrying out primary support and updating support parameters in real time, and entering the next cycle footage after updating is completed. The requirements for low disturbance, early supporting, high safety and high efficiency can be met, adaptation to complex working conditions is achieved through unmanned and remote centralized control, and therefore the construction requirements under the complex working conditions are met.

The invention provides a roadway dynamic support stress regulation and control system and method based on multi-source information fusion, and relates to the technical field of roadway support safety. According to the method, the axial stress of an anchor rod, the contact pressure of a support component and surrounding rock and parameters of a microseismic event in the surrounding rock are obtained in real time; generating an axial stress deviation index and a contact pressure deviation index, and further calculating a surrounding rock instability risk degree; calculating a micro-seismic risk index based on the strain energy density change of the anchor rod before and after the micro-seismic event; the average risk change rate and the risk accumulation value are calculated in combination with data at historical collection moments, the comprehensive adjustment priority of the anchor rods is determined after normalization, the anchor rod supporting stress is dynamically adjusted according to the comprehensive adjustment priority, and real-time and accurate regulation and control of roadway supporting are achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway support, and particularly relates to roadway drilling and anchoring equipment which comprises a crawler, a lifting arm is arranged on the crawler, a base is arranged on the lifting arm, a rotating mechanism is arranged on the base, a drilling device and an anchor rod filling device are arranged on the rotating mechanism, and the anchor rod filling device is arranged on the drilling device. The anchor rod filling device comprises an anchor rod switching mechanism and an anchor rod inserting mechanism, the anchor rod switching mechanism is arranged above the anchor rod inserting mechanism, and the anchor rod inserting mechanism is used for sequentially inserting anchor rods provided by the anchor rod switching mechanism into drill holes. The drilling, anchor rod supplying, inserting and supporting functions are integrated, and coherent operation is achieved through a hydraulic motor, threaded rod transmission and an automatic control system. Automatic anchor rod supply is achieved, anchor rod insertion is completed through the ejector rod pushing mechanism, manual intervention and procedure connection time are shortened, and the supporting efficiency is improved; the equipment can be compatible with anchor rods of different specifications, the application range is expanded, and the multi-scene requirement is met.

The present disclosure relates to a method for assessing injection of a fluid into a borehole (11) defined by a borehole wall (12) extending into a body (10), the method comprising: - initiating (S1) the injection of the fluid into the borehole (11) using a fluid injection arrangement, - detecting (S2) fluid outside the borehole (11) and the fluid injection arrangement (20) using a detection device (30), and - on the basis of at least one of the following: - a detected position of the detected fluid outside the borehole (11) and the fluid injection arrangement (20), - an injection volume of the fluid, and - a time lapse (TL) from the time of initiation of fluid injection into the borehole (11) to the time of fluid detection outside the borehole (11) and the fluid injection arrangement (20), assessing (S3) the injection of fluid.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and discloses an assembly type corrugated steel plate preliminary bracing structure for a vertical shaft, which comprises an assembly type corrugated steel plate layer and a plurality of anchor rods, the assembly type corrugated steel plate layer is formed by splicing a plurality of corrugated steel plate units, and one end of each anchor rod is fixed on surrounding rock. The other end of the anchor rod is fixedly connected with the corrugated steel plate unit, and a grouting layer is filled between the assembly type corrugated steel plate layer and the surrounding rock, so that the complex links of material field processing, layered concrete spraying and the like are reduced, and the construction process is greatly simplified; in terms of construction pollution, a large amount of dust generated by sprayed concrete is avoided, the construction environment is improved, the corrugated steel plate layer cooperates with the anchor rod, the grouting layer, the reinforcing mesh and the like to form a stable supporting system, the arc-shaped corrugated steel plate body is attached to the surrounding rock, the zinc coating enhances corrosion resistance, and the foam pad improves the durability of the structure. The tunnel supporting target which is efficient, environmentally friendly, economical, stable and reliable is achieved on the whole.

The utility model discloses an expansion type anchor disc, which belongs to the technical field of anchoring devices and comprises an anchor rod, a sliding cylinder is sleeved on the anchor rod, and a handle is rotatably arranged at the top end of the anchor rod. According to the unfolding type anchor disc, the limiting piece is driven to rotate integrally by screwing the handle, so that the limiting piece is aligned with the sliding groove formed in the groove in the limiting ring, the limiting ring is separated from the limiting piece in an abutting and limiting mode, and therefore the first supporting rod and the second supporting rod parallel to the first supporting rod can be driven to rotate and unfold along with the first supporting rod; the supporting column rotationally connected with the end part of the second supporting rod and the anchor disc blade are unfolded, so that the subsequent anchoring and locking operation is convenient to carry out; as the overall expansion of the anchor plate blade is completely driven by the elasticity of the spring instead of depending on the gravity of the anchor plate blade, the anchor plate blade can be completely expanded without being influenced when the anchor plate blade is used in a non-vertical state, so that the supporting effect and the stability in the anchoring process are kept, the smoothness of the construction process is kept, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is reduced. And the construction cost and time are reduced.

The invention provides a repairable lining structure for a tunnel to pass through an active fault and a construction method of the repairable lining structure, belongs to the technical field of tunnel lining structures, and solves the problem that a lining structure for the tunnel to pass through the active fault is difficult to repair in waterproof and drainage. The primary supporting layer comprises sprayed concrete and anchor rods, the buffering energy dissipation layer comprises an outer side energy dissipation filling layer and an inner side elastic buffering layer (having the waterproof plate function), the repairable secondary lining layer is of a sectional structure, and a repairing channel is formed between every two adjacent lining sections. The lining structure provided by the invention has strong anti-dislocation performance and convenient repairability, the waterproof and drainage system and the like can be quickly repaired without dismantling an original main body structure after fault dislocation, meanwhile, the long-term operation safety of the structure is guaranteed, and the lining structure has important significance for improving the durability of tunnel engineering and reducing the maintenance difficulty of the tunnel engineering.

The present application belongs to the field of coal mine roadway construction, and particularly relates to a method for self-forming a roadway by top cutting at a negative angle. The method comprises the following steps: drilling a field in front of a working face and close to a right side of a mining roadway; drilling anchor holes and top cutting holes along a strike and staggered construction, and installing grouting anchor cables in the field; cutting the basic roof and the immediate roof at a negative angle through the top cutting holes at the back of the working face, constructing a roadway-side gangue retaining structure, grouting through the grouting anchor cables and anchoring the grouting anchor cables on the roadway-side gangue retaining structure; and monitoring the deformation of the steel mesh at the grouting anchor cable and adjusting through a nut. The present application can ensure that the construction position of the roadway-side gangue retaining structure does not affect the width of the self-supporting roadway and the integrity of the roof by constructing a field of a certain width in advance. The negative angle top cutting holes can cut a section that is deviated to the direction of the goaf, so that the gangue formed by the collapse of the immediate roof moves to the direction of the goaf and does not move to the mining roadway in large quantities, thereby ensuring the safety of the construction in the mining roadway.

The digging and anchoring integrated equipment comprises a machine body, an anchoring device and a temporary supporting device, the anchoring device comprises a working table and a first anchoring and protecting assembly, the working table is arranged on the machine body and can move relative to the machine body in the length direction of the machine body, and the first anchoring and protecting assembly is rotationally connected to the working table in the length direction of the machine body; the temporary supporting device comprises a supporting frame and a sliding top plate, the supporting frame is rotationally connected with the machine body, and a first driver is arranged between the supporting frame and the machine body and used for driving the supporting frame to rotate around the width direction of the machine body relative to the machine body; the sliding top plate is slidably connected with the supporting frame, a second driver is arranged between the supporting frame and the sliding top plate, and the second driver is used for driving the sliding top plate to move towards the roadway head-on direction relative to the supporting frame so as to form advanced temporary supporting. According to the invention, zero empty roof can be realized, integrated and automatic operation of roadway tunneling and anchoring operation is completed, and the construction efficiency and quality are greatly improved.