282 results about "Maximal energy" patented technology

A first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for low-frequency emphasizing the spectrum of a sound signal transformed in a frequency domain and comprising transform coefficients grouped in a number of blocks, in which a maximum energy for one block is calculated and a position index of the block with maximum energy is determined, a factor is calculated for each block having a position index smaller than the position index of the block with maximum energy the calculated maximum energy and the energy of the block, and, for each block, a gain determining from the factor is applied to the transform coefficients of the block. Another aspect of the invention is concerned with an HF coding method for coding, through a bandwidth extension scheme, an HF signal obtained from separation of a full-bandwidth sound signal into the HF signal and a LF signal, in which an estimation of the an HF gain is calculated from LPC coefficients, the energy of the HF signal is calculated, the LF signal is processed to produce a synthesized version of the HF signal, the energy of the synthesized version of the HF signal is calculated, a ratio between the energy of the HF signal and the energy of the synthesized version of the HF signal is calculated and expressing as an HF gain, and a difference between the estimation of the HF gain and the HF gain is calculated to obtain a gain correction. A third aspect of the invention is concerned with a method for producing from a decoded target signal an overlap-add target signal in a current frame coded according to a first coding mode. According to this method, the decoded target signal of the current frame is windowed and a left portion of the window is skipped. A zero-input response of a weighting filter of the previous frame coded according to a second coding mode is calculated and windowed so that the zero-input response has an amplitude monotonically decreasing to zero after a predetermined time period. Finally, the calculated zero-input response is added to the decoded target signal to reconstruct the overlap-add target signal.

Quick frequency tracking (QFT), quick time tracking (QTT), and non-causal pilot filtering (NCP) are used to detect sporadically transmitted signaling, e.g., paging indicators. For QFT, multiple hypothesized frequency errors are applied to an input signal to obtain multiple rotated signals. The energies of the rotated signals are computed. The hypothesized frequency error with the largest energy is provided as a frequency error estimate. For QTT, coherent accumulation is performed on the input signal for a first set of time offsets, e.g., early, on-time, and late. Interpolation, energy computation, and non-coherent accumulation are then performed to obtain a timing error estimate with higher time resolution. For NCP, pilot symbols are filtered with a non-causal filter to obtain pilot estimates for one antenna for non-STTD and for two antennas for STTD. The frequency and timing error estimates and the pilot estimates are used to detect the signaling.

A laminated-type varistor includes a laminated structure and a pair of external electrodes disposed on a surface of the laminated structure. The laminated structure includes effective sintered body layers and internal electrodes. The internal electrodes are connected to the external electrodes and are disposed apart from each other in the direction perpendicular to lamination surfaces. Each of the internal electrodes has a multilayer electrode structure in which a plurality of electrode layers are arranged in layers while an ineffective sintered body layer is disposed therebetween. The laminated-type varistor has increased maximum peak current and maximum energy and reduction in clamping voltage.

A machine and a process to produce compressed air by sea waves, using the weight of the floating platform with its fixture using its up and down movement to compress air in both directions to absorb the maximum energy of that wave in a direct drive bidirectional pump with a single piston wherein the kinetic energy and wave bouncy force is used to compress ambient air as stored energy. This unique arrangement doubles air volume for compression in both directions in any single wave curve, doubles the energy production in both upper and lower chambers of the pump and multiplies the “psi” based on the float thrust area against the size of the piston in the pump. The preferred embodiment can be used as a stand alone unit as well as in array formation for the desired output 24/7.

A base station having the strongest downlink signal is identified by utilizing a unique slope of a pilot tone hopping sequence being transmitted by a base station. Specifically, base station identification is realized by determining the slope of the strongest received pilot signal, i.e., the received pilot signal having the maximum energy. In an embodiment of the invention, the pilot tone hopping sequence is based on a Latin Squares sequence. With a Latin Squares based pilot tone hopping sequence, all a mobile user unit needs is to locate the frequency of the pilot tones at one time because the pilot tone locations at subsequent times can be determined from the slope of the Latin Squares pilot tone hopping sequence. The slope and initial frequency shift of the pilot tone hopping sequence with the strongest received power is determined by employing a unique maximum energy detector. In one embodiment, the slope and initial frequency shift of the pilot signal having the strongest received power is determined by finding the slope and initial frequency shift of a predicted set of pilot tone locations having the maximum received energy. In another embodiment, the frequency shift of the pilot signal with the strongest, i.e., maximum, received power is estimated at each of times “t”. These frequency shifts are employed in accordance with a prescribed relationship to determine the unknown slope and the initial frequency shift of the pilot signal.

A video signal has a visual image (12) and carries data for optical detection (54) via the image. The data for optical detection is encoded (52) as data bits in a plurality of lines within a defined region (14) within the image. A corresponding decoder (16, 58) uses maximal energy methods to detect the defined region prior to decoding the data.

A flywheel energy storage system emphasizing enhancements developed for space applications including development of a flywheel rotor system capable of achieving maximum energy density, while being capable of repeated high peak-power demands. Illustrated is a rotor system comprising a composite hub, capable of supporting an optimized high-speed composite rim and shaft, working in combination with a switched reluctance motor.

The invention discloses a high-efficiency stable multifunctional single-stage photovoltaic single-phase grid-connected control method, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation control. The method is characterized in that: the method adopts a high-speed digital signal processor and applies a C language dynamic fixed-point algorithm to form a high-performance control algorithm of a whole grid-connected control system; the method adopts a single-stage grid-connected control structure and a quick smooth maximum power point tracking method to directly transmit the maximum energy sent by a photovoltaic array to a local urban power grid through first-stage DC/AC transformation; the harmonic and idle work produced by a local load can be compensated by adopting an FBD method, so the method is favorable for improving the electrical energy quality of the local power grid; and a proportional resonant converter is used to implement precise closed-loop control for the grid-connected current so that the photovoltaic grid-connected current and the commercial single-phase voltage are totally synchronous while implementing maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic array. The power factor is high, the system efficiency is high, the operation of the whole system is safe and reliable, and the aberration rate of the grid-connected current harmonic is lower than 3 percent.

The present invention relates to an iris extraction method. In the method, two searching regions are defined in a face image. A deformable template match algorithm and an energy function are used to measure the energy of each pixel with different hypothetical circular templates within the searching region. Pixels with the same hypothetical radius having energies greater than a predetermined threshold are recorded as iris candidates, wherein the pixel having the maximal energy is recorded as first iris candidate. Further, it detects associated iris pairs from iris candidates in each searching region, records the lower iris candidate having the maximal energy of iris pairs as second iris candidate, and selects the best iris candidate from first iris candidate and second iris candidate. Finally, it designates the best iris candidate having the maximal energy of all best iris candidates with different hypothetical radius as the iris in the face image.

Methods and devices for optimized ridge near field apertures for thermally assisted magnetic recording are disclosed. The aperture dimensions and supporting dielectric materials are optimized for maximum energy absorption at the magnetic recording layer for a light source having a wavelength of 780 nm, which can be produced by low cost laser diodes.

An operation control method of a synchronization variable speed constant frequency wind generating set includes the strategies of AYC, synchronization control, low wind speed ceiling capacity follow control and high wind speed constant power control which includes the AYC, the synchronization control, the low wind speed ceiling capacity follow control and the high wind speed constant power control. An anemoscope and a wind vane measure the wind speed and wind direction information to generate a yaw deviation signal; a yaw motor is driven to execute left and right yaw according to the yaw direction and angle and limit the yaw velocity and meanwhile, the steering turns of the engine room are measured with the help of cables winding around a sensor, so as to execute safe untwist action, thus ensuring that the wind generating set realizes quick, accurate and safe effect of the wind wheel against wind. All the control strategies cooperate in work from the start to synchronization power generation according to the requirement of the set and external conditions, so as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the wind generating set.

The invention concerns a device and a process for adjusting the range of an ion beam, in particular for irradiation in tumor therapy. For this purpose, first the reference position of a target volume to be irradiated is determined. Subsequently, the range of an ion beam is configured such that said beam is adjusted to the reference position of the target volume, in such a manner that the Bragg peak, i.e. the maximal energy loss and thereby the maximal damage occurs in the region of the target volume which is to be destroyed. In the case that it has been determined that the reference position has been altered by a movement of the target volume, the ion beam is then deflected from the beam axis such that the ion beam is directed to various regions of a range modulator, in order that the ion beam experience a correspondingly adjusted energy loss in passing through the range modulator. This energy loss is adjusted to correspond to the change in position of the target volume in such a manner that the change in position is compensated for by the adjustment of the range of the ion beam, and the Bragg peak is returned to the region within the target volume.

A solar energy grid-connected inverter control system based on LCL filtration comprises a photovoltaic array, an electromagnetic interference filter, namely an EMI filter, a power module, an LCL filter, an isolation transformator TB1, a sample circuit, a filter circuit and a controller which includes a maximum capacity tracking MPPT unit. MPPT adopts an intelligent algorithm based on a hybrid algorithm of a simulated annealing method and a genetic algorithm. The hybrid optimization algorithm takes the operation process of the genetic algorithm as the main process and also combines a simulated annealing mechanism that is used for further adjusting optimized instruction data. The control system has the advantages of good stability, strong performance and high efficiency and reliability.

A method for identifying a leading edge time period of a received radio signal includes identifying a greatest energy time period in a sequence of time periods. The received radio signal has a greatest average energy in the greatest energy time period. The method also includes identifying a least energy time period in the sequence of time periods. The received radio signal has a least average energy in the least energy time period. Further, the method includes setting a threshold energy based on the greatest average energy and the least average energy, determining a number of window time periods based on a characteristic of a radio channel used by the received radio signal, and identifying as a leading edge time period an earliest time period that precedes the greatest energy time period within the number of window time periods. The received radio signal in the leading edge time period has an average energy greater than or equal to the threshold energy.

Disclosed is an apparatus for forming a downlink traffic beam in a base station that separately forms a traffic beam for each user using multiple antennas. In the apparatus, an instantaneous direction estimator detects a signal having maximum energy and an energy value from a received uplink signal. A downlink spatial correlation matrix update unit calculates a downlink spatial correlation matrix using an output value of the instantaneous direction estimator and a downlink antenna direction response characteristic. A beam vector adaptation unit outputs a downlink bean-forming vector by reflecting a phase difference between a common beam and a traffic beam from an output of the downlink spatial correlation matrix update unit.

An algorithm for computing an efficient, reduced complexity, windowed optimal linear time domain equalizer for a dispersive channel comprises the steps of determining a window of maximum energy in the impulse response of length equal to or less than a number of cyclic prefix samples associated with a received digital data signal, computing the corresponding inside and outside matrices, performing an inverse Cholesky decomposition of the inside matrix, creating a resultant matrix as the product of the outer and the upper and lower square root inner matrix, followed by Householder reduction and QL transformation to thereby compute the time domain equalizer as the linear transformation of the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue at the receiver. The smallest eigenvalue is determined using the aforementioned orthogonal transformations without determining all the eigenvalues efficiently but without the loss accuracy associated with iterative methods like the conventional power method. The algorithm may be most conveniently implemented, for example, in the form of a thirty-two bit digital signal processor at a data receiver.

The invention discloses a synchronizing method of circulating prefix OFDM system, which comprises the following steps: step A. finding the circulating prefix with maximum energy; step B. rotating the OFDM symbol to the corresponding position of maximum energy circulating prefix; realizing synchronous parameter of coherent estimation at receiving end. The invention simplifies effective control for PAPR, which needn't larger calculating expenditure for sending and receiving ends.

The invention relates to the prestack depth migration technique during the data processing of petroleum seismic prospecting, including the following concrete steps: establishing depth rate pattern of prestack seismic data; well designing observation grids, and solving wave equation in sphere coordinate system to simulate the communication process of seismic waves; changing and converting the calculated seismic wave field of a frequency domain into a time domain, and fitting the Green function energy spectrum of the seismic wave field in the time domain to detect the arriving time and the vibration amplitude when the maximum energy arrives; transferring the travel time and the vibration amplitude field calculated in the sphere coordinate system to a rectangular coordinate system; accomplishing the maximum energy integral prestack depth migration according to the well calculated travel time and the vibration amplitude; analyzing the operation of speed to the imaging gather of the prestack depth migration to modify the depth rate pattern; and modifying the depth rate pattern by iteration, and outputting the ultimate result until the migration result meets the precision requirement. The invention provides the self-adapting variation difference grid calculation technique so as to achieve the purpose that the difference grids are automatically and gradually thinned along with radius increase, thereby guaranteeing the finite difference calculation precision.

A circuit and algorithm are disclosed for a step2 search of a three step search of synchronization channels in a W-CDMA system. A mobile terminal of the CDMA system includes an RF downconverter for receiving I and Q signals. A searcher, responsive to the I and Q signals, includes a first correlator for correlating the I and Q signals with a primary synchronization code on a primary synchronization channel, and a second correlator for correlating I and Q signals with a secondary synchronization code on a secondary synchronization channel. The correlated I and Q signals are added for each of the secondary synchronization codes. An energy calculator and a maximum energy detector use the correlated I and Q signals of both the primary and secondary synchronization channels to detect the most likely scrambling code group of secondary synchronization codes.

A light emitting device having a wavelength converting member for absorbing light from a pumping light source and converting its wavelength. Assuming a wavelength where the light from the pumping light source has a maximum energy intensity is a first wavelength, a wavelength where the light from the wavelength converting member has a maximum energy intensity is a second wavelength, a wavelength between the first and second wavelengths where emission spectrum of the light emitting device has a minimum energy intensity is a third wavelength, and a wavelength of 650 nm is a fourth wavelength, the ratio of energy intensity between the first and third wavelengths is 100:15-150, and the ratio of energy intensity between the first and fourth wavelengths is 100:45-200.