115 results about "Threshold energy" patented technology

A method and an apparatus for laser marking indicia in the volume of gemstones such as diamonds, the indicia being made up of a plurality of microscopic dot-shaped marks whose build-up can be initiated by exposing naturally-occurring internal defects or impurities in the volume of a gemstone to a tightly focused train of laser pulses. Authentication data is encoded in the gemstone from the relative spatial arrangement of the dot-shaped marks that form the indicium. Taking advantage of the presence of otherwise invisible defects in the gemstone allows for inscribing indicia with laser pulses carrying energies substantially lower than the threshold energy required for inscribing in the volume of a perfect gemstone material. The marking process is then much less susceptible to inflict damages to the surface of the gemstone, and the marking can be performed using a broad variety of femtosecond laser systems. The dot-shaped marks engraved at a depth below the surface of a gemstone can be made undetectable with the unaided eye or with a loupe by limiting their individual size to a few micrometres, while devising indicia made up of only a few marks. As a result, the marking does not detract from the appearance and value of the gemstone. The procedure for laser marking accounts for the random spatial distribution of the defects present in natural gemstones as well as for their strongly localized character. The presence of an indicium can be detected by using a dedicated optical reader that can be afforded by every jewellery store.

There is described a method for depositing at least one biological fluid onto a surface (12) of a substrate (10), the method comprising the steps of (i) providing at least one thermal bubble-jet printhead (T1, T2, T3) loaded with at least one biological fluid, (ii) positioning the printhead (T1, T2, T3) next to the substrate, and (iii) supplying the printhead (T1, T2, T3) with energy thereby depositing the biological fluid onto the surface (12). The printhead (T1, T2, T3) is supplied with an energy E such thatE>1.6*Eth where Eth is the threshold energy of the printhead (T1, T2, T3). There are also described an apparatus (DA) for depositing at least one biological fluid onto a surface (12) of a substrate (10) and a microarray (MA) obtained by carrying out the depositing method.

A method and an apparatus for laser marking indicia in the volume of gemstones such as diamonds, the indicia being made up of a plurality of microscopic dot-shaped marks whose build-up can be initiated by exposing naturally-occurring internal defects or impurities in the volume of a gemstone to a tightly focused train of laser pulses. Authentication data is encoded in the gemstone from the relative spatial arrangement of the dot-shaped marks that form the indicium. Taking advantage of the presence of otherwise invisible defects in the gemstone allows for inscribing indicia with laser pulses carrying energies substantially lower than the threshold energy required for inscribing in the volume of a perfect gemstone material. The marking process is then much less susceptible to inflict damages to the surface of the gemstone, and the marking can be performed using a broad variety of femtosecond laser systems. The dot-shaped marks engraved at a depth below the surface of a gemstone can be made undetectable with the unaided eye or with a loupe by limiting their individual size to a few micrometers, while devising indicia made up of only a few marks. As a result, the marking does not detract from the appearance and value of the gemstone. The procedure for laser marking accounts for the random spatial distribution of the defects present in natural gemstones as well as for their strongly localized character. The presence of an indicium can be detected by using a dedicated optical reader that can be afforded by every jewellery store.

A spectrum sensing method for cognitive radio to detect spectrum holes in an environment of bandwidth scarcity. The method comprises first receiving a wireless signal at a cognitive radio user, and then discovering the frequency edges of allocated frequency bands by using wavelet transform coefficients to detect discontinuities in the power spectral density of the received signal. After determining the allocated frequency bands, the method determines frequency band availability by detecting the in band energy using a bi-threshold energy detector, where the energy detector makes hard decisions and soft decisions. Finally, a fusion center combines hard and soft decisions collected from a cooperative spectrum sensing network of cognitive radio users and makes a final decision using a hybrid of data fusion and decision fusion to determine the final decision regarding spectrum availability.

The invention provides a plug-in hybrid power bus dynamic logic threshold energy management method based on a road condition model. The method specifically includes the steps that first, the vehicle travelling road condition model is established according to historical traffic information of a bus and a neural network; second, the changing curve of the driving speed in the future and the road slope can be obtained according to departure time, a line and the road condition model; third, energy needed for travelling of the bus is calculated on the basis of the curve and vehicle parameters, and a vehicle energy management logic threshold parameter is dynamically adjusted according to the difference value between the energy needed for travelling of the bus and energy capable of being provided by a battery; fourth, a vehicle controller selects a work mode according to the travelling parameters of the bus and the logic threshold parameter. The logic threshold parameter can be dynamically adjusted on the basis of the road condition model, it can be guaranteed that an energy management strategy can adapt to different travelling road conditions, and fuel economy of the plug-in hybrid power bus is further improved.

An apparatus is provided that includes a converter for training a voice conversion model for converting source encoding parameters characterizing a source speech signal associated with a source voice into corresponding target encoding parameters characterizing a target speech signal associated with a target voice. To reduce the affect of noise on the voice conversion model, the converter may be configured for receiving sequences of source and target encoding parameters, and train the model without one or more frames of the source and target speech signals that have energies less than a threshold energy. After conversion of the respective parameters, then, the converter, a decoder or another component may be configured for reducing the energy of one or more frames of the target speech signal that have an energy less than the threshold energy, where the threshold value may be adaptable based upon models of speech frames and non-speech frames.

A method for laser marking a substrate provided with a laser sensitive area using a laser, wherein the laser sensitive area is adapted to be activated at a threshold energy level, the method comprising: energizing the laser sensitive area by an energizing element irradiating the complete laser sensitive area, and exposing a portion of the laser sensitive area to irradiation from the laser, wherein the energizing element is configured to emit radiation being concentrated at a specific wavelength, and wherein the combined irradiation results in an energy passing the threshold energy level such that the laser sensitive area is activated at the portion where combined irradiation has occurred. The invention is also related to a laser marking system for carrying out the method.

A method for identifying a leading edge time period of a received radio signal includes identifying a greatest energy time period in a sequence of time periods. The received radio signal has a greatest average energy in the greatest energy time period. The method also includes identifying a least energy time period in the sequence of time periods. The received radio signal has a least average energy in the least energy time period. Further, the method includes setting a threshold energy based on the greatest average energy and the least average energy, determining a number of window time periods based on a characteristic of a radio channel used by the received radio signal, and identifying as a leading edge time period an earliest time period that precedes the greatest energy time period within the number of window time periods. The received radio signal in the leading edge time period has an average energy greater than or equal to the threshold energy.

A method of detecting a pileup in an energy-dispersive radiation spectrometry system, wherein a filter of the system generates a first pulse in response to a preamplifier signal, and wherein the system has one or more fast channels having an energy of full efficiency wherein substantially all photons received having at least the full efficiency energy are detected. The method includes measuring an above threshold time duration of the filter, determining that the fast channels have not made any detections while the first pulse is above the minimum detectable threshold energy of the filter, in response thereto, declaring a pileup if the above threshold time duration exceeds a longest expected pulse duration that is a duration of a second pulse that would be output by the filter in response to a single photon having an energy equal to the energy of full efficiency being received by the system.

Systems and methods are described for detecting collisions in packets related to attempted access or utilization of a resource or pool of resources in a given timeslot in which the energy level of corrupted received access probe packets are compared with a threshold energy level, and if above the threshold, the timeslot is marked as a collision slot.

A system and method facilitating document image compression utilizing a mask separating a foreground of a document image from a background is provided. The invention includes a pixel energy analyzer adapted to partition regions into a foreground and background. The invention further provides for a merge region component adapted to attempt to merge regions if the merged region would not exceed a threshold energy. Merged regions are partitioned into a new foreground and new background. Thereafter, a mask storage component stores the partitioning information in a binary mask.

A system for preventing damage from tornados and other harmful naturally occurring weather phenomenon uses multiple jet devices which are distributed in a ground array to produce man made tornados. The man made tornados function to divert or stop the natural tornados. Explosive devices can also be used with the man made tornados to stop the natural tornados. The power of the man made tornados and explosives required to tear down the natural tornados can be determined by calculating the threshold energies of the natural tornados. By determining the energy requirements, process for stopping natural tornados can be optimized.

A system and method facilitating document image compression utilizing a mask separating a foreground of a document image from a background is provided. The invention includes a pixel energy analyzer adapted to partition regions into a foreground and background. The invention further provides for a merge region component adapted to attempt to merge regions if the merged region would not exceed a threshold energy. Merged regions are partitioned into a new foreground and new background. Thereafter, a mask storage component stores the partitioning information in a binary mask.

The invention discloses a method for distributing power for LNG (liquefied natural gas)-storage battery hybrid power ship propulsion systems. The method includes manual control modes and automatic control modes. Ship working modes can be freely switched over in the manual control modes by deck officers according to real-time sailing environments. The automatic control modes include steps of 1), acquiring current rotational speeds n of propellers, SOC (state of charge) values of storage batteries and throttle opening alpha of LNG engines and computing required power P<req> of load of the propellers; 2), defining the minimum limit values N<1> and maximum limit values N<2> of rotational speeds of the propellers, defining charge thresholds SOC of the storage batteries as a and defining discharge thresholds SOC of the storage batteries as b; 3), switching over working modes according to logic threshold energy management strategies when ships normally sail in general water areas; 4), designing fuzzy control strategies for working modes D by the aid of the P<req>, the SOC and P<e> so as to assist logic threshold control strategies. The P<req> and the SOC are used as input, and the P<e> isused as output. The method has the advantages that the problem of power loading hysteresis of existing LNG engines can be solved by the aid of the method, the response speeds of the LNG-storage battery hybrid power ship propulsion systems can be increased, and the operability of the LNG-storage battery hybrid power ship propulsion systems can be improved.

The invention provides a splicing and exposure method of a sapphire substrate. The splicing and exposure method comprises the following steps: preparing a mask pattern on a mask according to a pattern to be prepared on the surface of the sapphire substrate before exposure, wherein the mask pattern comprises a light transmitting area and a light-proof area, the light-proof area is composed of a plurality of unit patterns distributed on the light-proof area regularly; exposing all exposure areas of the surface of the sapphire substrate by the mask during exposure, and splicing exposure patterns of two adjacent exposure areas; arranging a light transmitting redundancy part outwards on the boundary part of the mask pattern for enhancing the exposure energy at the splicing position of two adjacent exposure areas. According to the splicing and exposure method of the sapphire substrate, energy of the spliced position can reach the threshold energy due to the design of the redundancy part, and residual gum can be eliminated; and as the exposure energy of the spliced position is consistent to that of other positions, the change of critical dimension (CD) can be avoided.

A technique for dynamically determining the occurrence of a high impedance fault (HIF) independent of load. An HIF algorithm provides the energy value for a given number of samples of the input signal that is phase (load) currents and / or neutral (residual) current. The input signal energy value is multiplied by a factor that ranges from about 110% to about 300% to calculate a threshold energy value and the result of that calculation is stored in a buffer. A HIF detection signal is generated when the energy value determined for samples of the input signal that are the same in number as the given number of samples and taken after the given number of samples is greater than an energy value derived from a predetermined number of the calculated threshold energy values.

The present invention provides a non-uniform sampling and reconstruction method of broadband multi-frequency sparse signals. The method comprises: calculating signal initial frequency spectrum information according to a multi-threshold energy detection system; establishing a signal sampling model through adoption of the non-uniform sampling parameter of rapid search emission search signals according to the obtained information; estimating signal frequency spectrum information through adoption of a subspace method of estimation; obtaining a rebuilt matrix unknown vector; and rebuilding an original signal. The method provided by the invention firstly adopts the multi-threshold energy detection system to estimate the signal frequency spectrum information and select an appropriate sampling period, so that the computation cost is reduced; and moreover, a frequency spectrum estimation algorithm based on a CAPON is adopted in the frequency spectrum estimation, so that the signal frequency spectrum information is rapidly estimated. Through adoption of the multi-threshold energy detection algorithm and the frequency spectrum estimation algorithm based on the CAPON, the computation complexity is further reduced, the frequency spectrum estimation speed in the non-uniform sampling is accelerated, and the numerical value robustness of the algorithm in a limited signal to noise ratio is ensured.

A signal detector for detecting at least a first signal having a first frequency and a first minimum duration is provided. The signal detector includes a matched transform unit and an energy level detection unit. The matched transform unit is adapted to receive at least a first frame of time domain input samples at a sampling frequency and generate at least a first frequency energy value for the first frame based on at least a first subset of the time domain input samples. The first subset of the first frame has a width of less than about one half of the first minimum duration. The energy level threshold unit is adapted to compare the first frequency energy value to a threshold energy value to determine the presence of the first signal. A method for detecting at least a first signal having a first frequency and a first minimum duration is provided. The method includes receiving at least a first frame of time domain input samples at a sampling frequency. At least a first frequency energy value is generated for the first frame based on at least a first subset of the time domain input samples. The first subset of the first frame has a width of less than about one half of the first minimum duration. The first frequency energy value is compared to a threshold energy value to determine the presence of the first signal.

A system for protecting the clutch of a vehicle from a harmful operating state. Included in the clutch protection system are means for monitoring the operating state of the clutch, along with means for estimating the amount of energy being dissipated by the clutch. A control unit compares the estimated amount of energy dissipated by the clutch to one or more predetermined threshold energy levels. One or more actions designed to reduce the amount of energy dissipated by the clutch are initiated when the estimated amount of energy dissipated by the clutch exceeds the one or more predetermined thresholds.

A system and method for detecting radiation indicative of fire, such as forest fire. In one embodiment, a threshold energy level is determined based on ambient sensor conditions. A sensor unit may be setup to scan a predetermined area for electromagnetic radiation. Any detected electromagnetic radiation may then be band pass filtered to a wavelength range centered about a predetermined frequency associated with the presence of fire. The resulting energy level signal may then be further filter to pass only those signals which exhibit a “flicker” frequency. If the resulting filtered signal exceeds the threshold signal, a fire notification signal may then be generated.

A signal detector for detecting at least a first signal having a first frequency includes a matched transform unit and an energy level threshold unit. The matched transform unit is adapted to receive at least a first frame of time domain input samples at a sampling frequency and generate at least a first frequency energy value for the first frame based on at least a first subset of the time domain input samples and a first matched filter coefficient. The sampling frequency is a non-integral multiple of the first frequency, and the first matched filter coefficient depends on the first frequency. The energy level threshold unit is adapted to compare the first frequency energy value to a threshold energy value to determine the presence of the first signal. A method for detecting at least a first signal having a first frequency is provided. The method includes receiving at least a first frame of time domain input samples at a sampling frequency. At least a first frequency energy value for the first frame is generated based on at least a first subset of the time domain input samples and a first matched filter coefficient. The sampling frequency is a non-integral multiple of the first frequency, and the first matched filter coefficient depends on the first frequency. The first frequency energy value is compared to a threshold energy value to determine the presence of the first signal.

The present invention is directed to a three-dimensional memory apparatus for storing information in a volume comprising of an active medium. The active medium is capable of changing from a first to a second isomeric form as a response to radiation of a light beam having an energy substantially equal to a first threshold energy. The concentration ratio between a first and a second isomeric form in any given volume portion represents a data unit. The active medium in the memory apparatus comprises of diarylalkene derivatives, triene derivatives, polyene derivatives or a mixture thereof. The invention is further directed to means for reading the data units from the isomeric states of the active medium in different portions of said active medium where the two isomeric forms have a substantially different absorption coefficient for absorbing energy of a second threshold energy. Reading may also be carried out by measuring the scattering pattern of the two isomeric forms.

An X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray generator configured to generate and emit X-rays, an X-ray detector configured to detect the X-rays and count a number of photons having energy equal to or greater than threshold energy per pixel among photons contained in the detected X-rays, a map generator configured to extract corrected threshold energy corresponding to target threshold energy mapped to each pixel, and a data correction unit configured to calculate corrected X-ray data corresponding to the corrected threshold energy per pixel from a plurality of X-ray data acquired based on a plurality of images of a target object obtained by using a plurality of approximate energies equal or approximate to the target threshold energy as threshold energy of the X-ray detector.

The invention provides an improved AODV routing method based on terminal energy sensing. In the method, a flooding node range is obtained according to the depth of a source node and the depth of a destination node in a tree topology network, equipment is divided into two grades according to residual energy in the scene of terminal energy sensing and balancing, a threshold energy range is dynamically divided according to consumed time of the nodes in a flooding path, and therefore it is avoided that the path contains different position and time terminals to cause premature death and failure. The method achieves reasonable flooding and utilizing of the nodes, effectively reduces the sum number of the flooding nodes, is oriented towards the terminal side of a virtual terminal system, is very simple and easy to implement, and has a very good application prospect.