31 results about "Critical energy" patented technology

The invention discloses a power grid operation risk assessment method and system considering time period coupling characteristics, and relates to the technical field of power grid operation risk assessment, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining operation data of a target power grid in a plurality of continuous time periods, and constructing a time-space state tensor based on the operation data; introducing a time period memory kernel function to obtain a cross-time period evolution memory curve of a node state; constructing a risk diffusion path diagram based on the evolutionary memory curve and the power grid power flow equation; establishing a critical energy accumulation function based on the risk diffusion path diagram, and triggering a node risk source mark when accumulation exceeds a preset threshold value; and generating a space-time risk evolution spectrum based on the risk source mark, and outputting a risk trajectory and a threshold breakthrough time point of each node in a continuous time period. According to the method, the cross-time evolution memory curve and the dynamic risk diffusion path diagram are constructed, so that high-risk nodes of continuous-time-period tail events are recognized in advance, and the problem of lack of cross-time-period accumulation risk quantification is solved.

In one aspect, build materials for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, a build material described herein comprises an acrylate component, a photoinitiator component, a non-curable absorber component, and water. The photoinitiator component of the build material is operable to initiate curing of the acrylate component and / or other curable materials that may optionally be present when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a Gaussian distribution of wavelengths and a peak wavelength λ. The build material has a penetration depth (Dp) and a critical energy (Ec) at the wavelength λ. In some embodiments, the Dp is greater than 200 μm and less than 300 μm, and the Ec is 3-12 mJ / cm2. In other embodiments, the Dp is greater than 10 μm and less than 50 μm, and the Ec is 5-40 mJ / cm2.

The invention provides a new energy transient stability optimization method based on new energy station energy distribution and storage control adjustment, and relates to the technical field of power systems.The new energy transient stability optimization method comprises the steps that new energy station access node positions, installed capacity and operation mode data of a target power grid system are collected, and a power grid simulation model comprising a new energy station, an energy storage system and load characteristics is constructed; calculating a shrinkage admittance matrix after the new energy station is accessed, simulating a fault scene through time domain simulation, and generating a stable and unstable balance point of the unit; then calculating transient critical energy of fault scenes in different operation modes based on an energy function method; and finally, generating a transient stability risk margin through a difference value between the transient energy and the critical energy at the fault clearing moment, thereby evaluating the transient stability risk of the power grid after the new energy is accessed. According to the method, through dynamic adjustment of the energy storage system, the transient stability of the power grid after new energy grid connection is effectively improved.

The application belongs to but is not limited to the technical field of electronic core industry, and discloses a polycrystalline NCM electrode particle cracking and pulverization prediction method and system, which comprises the following steps: constructing an anisotropic polycrystalline fracture phase field model, including a grain boundary phase field equation, a solid mechanics equation, a Li + diffusion equation and a fracture phase field equation; constructing a two-dimensional geometry of a polycrystalline NCM electrode particle, setting required parameters of physical fields, carrying out grid division and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions; using a finite element simulation software to perform numerical solution, and obtaining cracking and pulverization distribution of the polycrystalline NCM electrode particle. + The application considers bidirectional coupling of Li diffusion and mechanical stress, cracking and pulverization and mechanical stress, and uses grain boundary phase field calculation to correct the critical energy release rate, so that the application can accurately reflect the mechanism of cracking and pulverization of the polycrystalline NCM electrode particle, and improve the accuracy of cracking and pulverization prediction.

The present invention discloses a transient stability assessment method, apparatus, terminal equipment and computer-readable storage medium for a grid-connected system of a new energy generator set and a grid-connected converter. The method comprises: obtaining system parameters after a fault occurs, and calculating the energy value of each time step after the fault occurs by using a dynamic equation and an approximate energy function; judging whether the energy value of each time step is less than a preset critical energy value, and if so, judging that the corresponding time step is in a stable state, and if not, judging that the corresponding time step is in an unstable state; taking the maximum time step corresponding to the stable state as the target maximum fault clearing time after the fault occurs, and performing transient stability assessment based on the target maximum fault clearing time; wherein the dynamic equation and the approximate energy function are determined in the following manner: constructing the dynamic equation and the energy function according to the structure of the grid-connected system of the new energy generator set and the grid-connected converter; and approximating the damping term in the energy function to obtain the approximate energy function.

Disclosed is a method for testing and evaluating a short-circuit withstand capability of a press-pack power component. The method includes: building a test platform; obtaining a voltage level, a pressure load, an environment temperature, and a maximum junction temperature fluctuation range of a to-be-tested component in an actual working condition; separately testing short-circuit withstand capabilities of the to-be-tested press-pack power component; monitoring, in real time, changes of a component short-circuit current, a collector-emitter voltage, and a grid-emitter voltage until the to-be-tested press-pack power component fails due to short circuit; correspondingly obtaining a relationship between a voltage and each of a short-circuit critical energy and a critical temperature, a relationship between a pressure and a short-circuit current, and a relationship between a temperature and a short-circuit current; obtaining a relationship between a short-circuit withstand capability of the to-be-tested press-pack power component and each of a voltage, a pressure, and a temperature.

The present application relates to a kind of short-circuit resistance test and evaluation method of crimping package power device, belong to the technical field of power electronics device.The method includes: S1: build test platform;S2: obtain the voltage grade, pressure loading, environmental temperature and maximum junction temperature fluctuation range under actual application condition of the device to be measured;S3: respectively carry out short-circuit resistance test of crimping package device under different voltage, pressure, temperature grade, real-time monitoring the change of device short-circuit current, collector voltage and gate voltage, until power device short-circuit failure, corresponding to obtain the relationship of voltage and short-circuit critical energy and critical temperature, the relationship of pressure and short-circuit current, the relationship of temperature and short-circuit current;S4: according to test result, obtain the relationship of short-circuit resistance of crimping package device to be measured and voltage, pressure, temperature.The present application considers the special application condition of crimping package power device, improves the accuracy of short-circuit resistance test and evaluation of crimping package power device.

The invention provides a quasi-brittle material fracture simulation method considering a shear softening effect. The method comprises the following steps: step 10, constructing an extended bond-based near-field kinetic model of a quasi-brittle material; the extended bond-based near-field kinetic model combines a bond stretching softening effect and a shear softening effect; and step 20, solving the extended bond-based near-field kinetic model by adopting an arc length method. According to the quasi-brittle material fracture simulation method considering the shear softening effect, the shear softening effect is considered, the springback instability behavior of cracks of the quasi-brittle material can be accurately captured, the physical accuracy and numerical stability of crack simulation of the quasi-brittle material are improved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. The invention discloses the influence of the type II critical energy release rate on a force-displacement curve and a material springback instability behavior.

The invention belongs to the field of new energy grid connection, relates to a port Hamiltonian energy-based multi-parallel grid-following converter system transient synchronization stability evaluation method and device, and solves the problem of multi-parallel grid-following converter system transient synchronization stability evaluation at the present stage, and the method comprises the steps of establishing a transient model of a multi-parallel grid-following converter system; constructing an energy function of the transient model of the multi-parallel network-following converter system, and further establishing a port Hamiltonian model; the critical energy threshold value of the multi-parallel grid-following converter system is determined by analyzing the maximum value of the total energy in the first swing process of the fault trajectory by using a dominant unstable equilibrium point method, and the critical clearing time is further determined based on the threshold value. According to the method, internal measurement data or model parameters are not needed, and the stability margin of the multi-parallel grid-following type converter system can be accurately and quantitatively evaluated.

The application discloses a kind of based on VSC-HVDC AC-DC system transient stability analysis method, first constructs the steady-state model and transient model of AC-DC system based on VSC-HVDC, determines stable equilibrium point before and after fault, then constructs the energy function of AC-DC system based on VSC-HVDC, and based on fault trajectory, determine the maximum value of system energy, as escape point, take escape point as initial value, based on stable boundary tracking determines the norm of reduced system integral process, find out the norm minimum point, take norm minimum point as initial value to determine leading unstable equilibrium point, finally determine the energy at leading unstable equilibrium point, and the energy of this point is as critical energy, determine system limit cut-off time, complete AC-DC system transient stability analysis.The scheme of the application can determine the minimum gradient point and leading unstable equilibrium point in the transient stability analysis of AC-DC system containing VSC-HVDC, improve the precision of direct method transient stability analysis, and is beneficial to the stability of flexible HVDC transmission system.

The present application relates to the field of deep coal mining disaster prevention and control, and relates to a deep coal seam outburst risk quantitative characterization method based on multi-field coupling effect, comprising: S1, establishing a codeable heat-flow-solid-coupling four-field coupling control equation set; S2, constructing a chemical damage evolution model; S3, based on the field variable distribution obtained by solving the control equation set, establishing an energy catastrophe instability criterion with the system total potential energy second-order variation as the core, and determining the critical energy threshold of outburst danger; S4, constructing and training a physical model driven neural network to realize rapid prediction of field variables; S5, using the trained physical model driven neural network for rapid prediction, and realizing quantitative grading and engineering early warning of deep coal seam outburst risk based on comparison of the prediction result with the critical energy threshold. The present application provides scientific, reliable and practical technical support for precise prevention and control of deep coal mining outburst disasters.

This application provides an ultrasonic-assisted forming method for capillary glass tubes used in optical inspection, applied to a forming apparatus including an ultrasonic base and a metal core needle. After preheating the forming apparatus to a first temperature, molten glass is poured in, causing it to coat the core needle and tend to form a transiently solidified layer. An acoustic model is established by collecting the effective working length of the core needle and the material's acoustic parameters. Based on the acoustic model and considering the critical energy density required to destroy the transiently solidified layer and the effective glass forming time, the acoustic energy output parameters of the core needle are determined. According to these parameters, high-frequency ultrasound is continuously applied through the ultrasonic base during the cooling process of the glass from the molten state to a second temperature, causing the core needle to vibrate to destroy and suppress the transiently solidified layer. The ultrasound is then turned off. This method can reduce interfacial stress concentration, suppress the formation of microcracks on the inner wall, and improve the smoothness of the inner wall of the capillary glass tube as well as its optical and mechanical properties.

The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics testing, and discloses a dynamic and static combined loading rock critical energy consumption density testing method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing and screening a rock test piece, fixing the rock test piece between an incident bar and a transmission bar of the split Hopkinson pressure bar system, and ensuring that the incident bar and the transmission bar are coaxial; applying confining pressure and axial pressure to the test piece to enable the test piece to be in a preset three-dimensional static stress state; starting the system, setting initial impact air pressure to impact the test piece, and collecting a strain signal; determining a critical impact air pressure and a corresponding critical strain signal which enable the test piece to reach a set damage state; and crushing energy consumption is calculated based on the critical strain signal, and critical energy consumption density is obtained through conversion. The method fits the actual stress scene of the rock, improves the accuracy and reliability of the test, and can provide technical support for the design and construction of underground engineering.

The invention provides a fatigue crack propagation behavior evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of material mechanics evaluation. According to the method, the microstructure characteristics, the critical energy release rate, the fatigue crack growth rate and the crack tip strain field distribution of a to-be-tested material are obtained through experimental characterization, a progressive fatigue damage model combining a viscoelastic-plastic constitutive region and a cyclic cohesion region is constructed, and the model is verified through a multi-scale verification method. By adopting the fatigue crack propagation behavior evaluation method, the whole-process and multi-scale correlation evaluation from microscopic damage to macroscopic failure is realized, a fatigue damage model with a more complete physical mechanism and higher prediction precision is provided, a key microscopic failure mechanism is disclosed, a clear direction is provided for guiding material improvement and performance optimization, and the method has a good application prospect. The engineering applicability and reliability of the evaluation result are enhanced, and a theoretical basis and a practical tool can be provided for the design of high-performance long-life engineering structures and parts.

This invention proposes a method and storage medium for evaluating the reliability and lifespan of thermal barrier coatings, comprising: S1, characterizing and analyzing the microstructure of the sample to obtain the microscopic morphology image of the ceramic layer and the property parameters of the sample, and establishing a geometric model; S2, conducting coupled thermal shock and CMAS corrosion experiments on the sample until its failure, recording load parameters and determining the main failure modes and CMAS melt penetration behavior through cross-sectional analysis; S3, forming a set of thermo-coupling failure control equations based on the main failure modes and penetration behavior; inputting the geometric model and the set of thermo-coupling failure control equations into finite element software for solving to obtain simulated crack morphology and stress distribution results; S4, establishing a limit state equation based on the set of thermo-coupling failure control equations with the actual critical energy release rate as the criterion; S5, calculating the failure probability based on the limit state equations; S6, constructing a lifespan prediction model based on the limit state equations to predict the lifespan of the thermal barrier coating under test.

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-nano structure mechanical property testing, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the dynamic expansion path of micro cracks in an integrated circuit multi-layer interconnection structure cannot be monitored in a three-dimensional mode in real time, and the nanoscale energy release rate cannot be quantitatively evaluated. The invention provides an in-situ monitoring method integrating a miniature double-cantilever beam mechanical testing device and a synchronous X-ray nanometer tomography system. According to the core scheme, three-dimensional shape data of crack propagation are obtained in real time by designing a sample clamp coupled by an asymmetric double-cantilever beam interface and combining a high-resolution X-ray imaging system, and a quantitative correlation model of a crack tip stress field and an energy release rate is established through a data reconstruction algorithm. Compared with a traditional electron microscope detection technology, the method has the advantages that the micro-crack monitoring resolution ratio can be increased to 100 nm or below, active guiding control over the crack path is achieved, and the critical energy release rate of the sub-hundred-nanometer area can be quantitatively measured on the premise that the sample stress state is kept.

The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle design, in particular to an energy planning-based fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle airline guidance method, which comprises the following steps of: after an engine of an unmanned aerial vehicle has a parking fault, acquiring a current optimal airline return path; combining the energy consumption from the parking point to the FAF point and the glide critical energy of the FAF point to judge whether the current energy of the unmanned aerial vehicle meets the requirement of idle glide returning; if the energy is sufficient, according to the real-time flight state parameters of the unmanned aerial vehicle, dynamically determining the transverse course control mode of the unmanned aerial vehicle until the unmanned aerial vehicle enters air-slip glide guidance; controlling the longitudinal control mode at the final idle slip gliding section of the idle slip returning field until grounding; if the energy is insufficient, the target point is switched to be the forced landing point closest to the current position, and off-site forced landing is carried out; in the forced landing process, whether excess energy exists or not is judged, and circling height descending is needed. According to the method, the unmanned aerial vehicle can accurately track an air-sliding route and safely return to the field when energy is sufficient, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can be forced to land near a forced landing point when energy is insufficient.

The invention discloses a composite material fracture energy calculation method considering reinforcement-matrix interface dispersion. The method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a matrix internal crack fracture energy model; s2, establishing a reinforcement-matrix interface fracture energy model; s3, establishing a composite material fracture control equation model; s4, correcting the critical energy release rate of the composite material; and S5, performing finite element discretization on an interface phase field, a displacement field and a crack phase field in the composite material fracture control equation, performing increment iteration, and calculating the crack propagation condition in the composite material considering interface dispersion. By adopting the phase field model and utilizing the advantage that the phase field model can realize microcosmic-macroscopic multi-scale simulation, the interface attribute in the composite material is associated with the matrix attribute, that is, the fracture attributes such as interface crack propagation in the composite material under the load action are dispersed into the surrounding matrix in the form of a continuous exponential function; and a mechanical model for more accurately predicting the mechanical behavior and fracture evolution of the composite material is established.

This invention discloses a transient stability analysis method and system for a multi-machine grid-connected system. First, a transient model of the system is established, and the stable equilibrium point before the fault is determined based on the power balance equation and the eigenvalues ​​of the Jacobian matrix. Using the stable equilibrium point as initial values, the fault trajectory is calculated, and an interpolation correction algorithm is introduced to eliminate discrete simulation step size errors and accurately locate the point on the fault trajectory where the potential energy derivative changes from positive to negative. Using this point as an initial value, the system iteratively searches for the minimum point of power imbalance along the gradient descent path. Solving the power balance equation using the minimum point as an initial value yields the dominant unstable equilibrium point. Finally, the energy of the dominant unstable equilibrium point is used as the critical energy to determine whether the system is stable after the fault is cleared. The method provided by this invention reduces the conservatism of the traditional energy function method for stability assessment in multi-machine systems, effectively reduces the multi-saddle point interference problem in multi-machine systems, and accurately locates the dominant unstable equilibrium point related to the fault path.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic system safety, and provides a photovoltaic direct current arc fault fire risk assessment method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring an arc fault basic sample set, wherein a sample comprises arcing time, arc average power and label information corresponding to whether combustible materials are ignited or not; generating a plurality of basic classifiers by adopting iterative training, and improving the recognition capability of boundary samples through dynamic adjustment of sample weights; carrying out weighted fusion on the plurality of basic classifiers to form an integrated classifier, and mapping an output result into ignition probability distribution; and finally, constructing a decision boundary function based on the ignition probability distribution to realize graded evaluation of the arc fault fire risk. According to the method, the limitation of traditional fixed threshold value judgment is broken through, the judgment precision can be improved in a critical energy interval, the stability of the model under different working conditions is ensured, and a risk grading and device performance evaluation basis which can be applied to a photovoltaic system is formed.

The present invention provides a SiC / SiC pyrolytic carbon interface optimization method based on a neural network and a phase field fracture method. The method comprises: first constructing a representative volume unit model of a SiC fiber-reinforced composite material; then using the phase field fracture method to simulate the transverse tensile strength of the representative volume unit model of the SiC fiber-reinforced composite material; finally, using the transverse tensile strength as a criterion for screening the optimal interface thickness and training an inverse neural network to predict and optimize the optimal interface thickness of SiC fibers with different material parameters. The present invention uses an accurate and efficient representative volume unit model and combines the phase field fracture method with an inverse design neural network. By simulating crack behavior and predicting the optimal interface thickness of fibers with different radii, elastic moduli, critical energy release rates, and strengths, the PyC interface parameters are systematically optimized, thereby improving the mechanical properties and reliability of the SiC / SiC composite material.

This invention discloses a fault diagnosis system and method for aluminum foil rolling in the production of double-zero aluminum foil. The system includes acquiring operating status data of the aluminum foil rolling mill, processing the operating status data to obtain the operating condition values ​​of the aluminum foil rolling mill, acquiring aluminum foil rolling quality data based on the operating condition values, and identifying the status of the aluminum foil rolling mill based on the aluminum foil rolling quality data. This solution obtains operating condition values ​​by processing the maximum temperature value of the pressure roller bearing, the maximum noise level (in decibels) of the aluminum foil rolling mill, and the critical energy loss value during the rolling process. Based on the operating condition values, the initial inspection status of the aluminum foil rolling mill is identified, resulting in an initial inspection normal signal, an aluminum foil rolling fault signal, and an initial inspection normal signal. The rolled aluminum foil dimensions are then processed based on the initial inspection normal signal to identify the status of the aluminum foil rolling mill.

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial control software, in particular to a pressure-stabilizing intelligent regulation and control method for integrated direct-connection non-negative-pressure water supply equipment, and the method comprises the steps: deploying an axial fluctuation sensor array in a water delivery channel of the integrated direct-connection non-negative-pressure water supply equipment; the axial fluctuation sensor array outputs a real-time energy ripple spectrum, and the real-time energy ripple spectrum describes dynamic characteristics of micro energy distribution and propagation in water flow in real time; according to the phase and amplitude characteristics of the real-time energy ripple spectrum, a reverse compensation energy gradient field is generated on the section of the water delivery channel; performing vector superposition on the real-time energy ripple spectrum and the reverse compensation energy gradient field in a preset flow state fusion cavity to obtain a steady-state energy flow; and deducing the minimum critical energy potential required for maintaining the pressure level of the pipe network of the current integrated direct-connection non-negative pressure water supply equipment by utilizing a steady-state energy flow and combining a historical energy flow mode. According to the invention, a closed-loop regulation and control system from fluctuation perception and dynamic compensation to energy efficiency optimization is constructed.

The application discloses a composite material fracture energy calculation method considering reinforcement-matrix interface dispersion, and comprises the following steps: S1, a matrix crack fracture energy model is established; S2, a reinforcement-matrix interface fracture energy model is established; S3, a composite material fracture control equation model is established; S4, a composite material critical energy release rate is modified; S5, the interface phase field, the displacement field and the crack phase field in the composite material fracture control equation are discretized by using the finite element method, and an incremental iteration is carried out, so that the crack propagation in the composite material considering the interface dispersion is calculated. Through the adoption of the phase field model, the advantages of realizing the micro-to-macro multi-scale simulation are utilized, the properties of the interface in the composite material are associated with the properties of the matrix, that is, the interface crack propagation and other fracture properties of the composite material under the action of the load are dispersed to the surrounding matrix in the form of a continuous exponential function, and a mechanical model for more accurately predicting the mechanical behavior and fracture evolution of the composite material is established.

The present application relates to a kind of multi-virtual synchronous machine grid-connected system transient synchronization stability evaluation method, comprising the following steps: constructing the nonlinear reduced-order mathematical model suitable for transient synchronization stability analysis system;Considering the strong coupling of active and reactive control dynamics and the dynamic interaction of multiple virtual synchronous machines, the energy function of the system is analytically constructed;By the nearest unstable equilibrium point method and optimization method, the maximum energy value of the system under the condition of not triggering current limiting amplitude after fault removal is calculated to ensure system stability and the maximum energy value of the system to ensure not triggering current limiting amplitude;Take the minimum value of the two, get the critical energy value to ensure the transient stability of the system;The trajectory of the system during the fault is calculated by numerical integration, and the state of the system at the time of fault removal is obtained;The state of the system at the time of fault removal is brought into the energy function, and the energy function value of the system at the time of fault removal is calculated;The transient synchronization stability of the system is evaluated.

The application discloses a novel power system energy storage capacity demand calculation method applied to power supply guarantee, relates to the technical field of power systems, and comprises the following steps: according to surplus power and power shortage of each time period set of the novel power system before energy storage plays a role, maximum and minimum values of energy storage capacity demand are calculated and acquired; the calculation initial value of actual energy storage capacity demand is set as the minimum value, the power "transportation" process of energy storage is simulated by substituting the actual energy storage capacity, and the residual power shortage of the system is calculated; when the critical energy storage capacity, at which the residual power shortage of the system obtained through the iterative calculation mode of increasing the actual energy storage capacity calculation value is less than zero, is obtained, the critical energy storage capacity is the actual energy storage capacity demand of the novel power system. The application realizes accurate calculation of the energy storage capacity demand of energy storage matched with new energy in a high-proportion new energy power system, and the energy storage and new energy jointly play the role of multi-day power supply guarantee, thereby providing a new technical inspiration for reasonable planning and layout of energy storage power.

In one aspect, build materials for use with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, a build material described herein comprises an acrylate component, a photoinitiator component, a non-curable absorber component, and water. The photoinitiator component of the build material is operable to initiate curing of the acrylate component and / or other curable materials that may optionally be present when the photoinitiator is exposed to incident curing radiation having a Gaussian distribution of wavelengths and a peak wavelength λ. The build material has a penetration depth (Dp) and a critical energy (Ec) at the wavelength λ. In some embodiments, the Dp is greater than 200 μm and less than 300 μm, and the Ec is 3-12 mJ / cm2. In other embodiments, the Dp is greater than 10 μm and less than 50 μm, and the Ec is 5-40 mJ / cm2.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic packaging, and discloses an interface degradation state-based rate-dependent cohesion model construction method and device, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the temperature cycle experiment of a plurality of wafer-level packaging RDL samples in the same batch, enabling a PI-Cu interface to be in a degradation state, carrying out the interface thrust experiment at a plurality of different push broach rates, and carrying out the rate-dependent cohesion model construction of the PI-Cu interface. Force-displacement experiment curves corresponding to different cutter pushing rates are obtained; cohesive force model parameters of the PI-Cu interface at different cutter pushing rates are obtained through finite element simulation inversion, wherein the cohesive force model parameters comprise the interface rigidity, the interface shear strength and the critical energy release rate; and fitting the function relationship between the cohesion model parameters and the cutter pushing rate, and constructing a rate-dependent cohesion model. According to the method, the problem that in the prior art, the mechanical properties of the rate-dependent interface in the degradation state are insufficient in representation is solved, an accurate theoretical basis is provided for wafer-level packaging reliability evaluation and optimization design, and the reliability level of the packaging technology is effectively improved.

There is a need for improved shaping materials for 3D printing having improved printing characteristics, including but not limited to those related to light penetration depth or through-print characteristics. 【Solution】In one aspect, a shaping material intended to be used with a three-dimensional (3D) printing system is described herein. In some embodiments, the shaping material described in the present invention includes an acrylate component, a photoinitiator component, a non-curable absorption component, and water. The photoinitiator component of the shaping material is operable to initiate curing of the acrylate component and / or any other curable material that may optionally be present when the photoinitiator component is exposed to incident curing radiation having a Gaussian distribution of wavelengths and a peak wavelength λ. The shaping material has a penetration depth (D p ) and a critical energy (E c ). In some embodiments, D p is greater than 200 μm and less than 300 μm, and E c is 3 - 12 mj / cm 2 . In other embodiments, D p is greater than 10 μm and less than 50 μm, and E c is 5 - 40 mj / cm 2 .

The application relates to a plane strain fracture toughness test data processing method in the technical field of composite material testing, and comprises the following processes: acquiring an original data table; checking parameters and row and column numbers in each table, and storing the corrected data in a specified position; developing a VBA module to configure a data storage module, a calculation module, a force-displacement correction module and a data summary module; designing a software interface and various function controls; calling the VBA module, importing the sorted original data, adjusting the corrected force-displacement data into Origin to obtain fracture energy; and calculating the plane strain fracture toughness K Ic and the critical energy release rate G Ic Parameter and statistics. The application solves the problems that the plane strain fracture toughness test data calculation method in the prior art is complicated, a large amount of repetitive work needs to be manually performed, and the efficiency is low, so that the data processing efficiency is greatly improved, the method is clear and intuitive, convenient to use, the work burden of test personnel is reduced, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.