308 results about "Critical load" patented technology

Disclosed herein are a variety of different electrical system topologies intended to mitigate the impact of large intermittent loads on a 12 volt vehicle power distribution system. In some embodiments the intermittent load is disconnected from the remainder of the system and the voltage supplied to this load is allowed to fluctuate. In other embodiments, the voltage to critical loads is regulated independently of the voltage supplied to the remainder of the system. The different topologies described can be grouped into three categories, each corresponding to a different solution technique. One approach is to regulate the voltage to the critical loads. A second approach is to isolate the intermittent load that causes the drop in system voltage. The third approach is to use a different type of alternator that has a faster response than the conventional Lundell wound field machine.

Disclosed herein are a variety of different electrical system topologies intended to mitigate the impact of large intermittent loads on a 12 volt vehicle power distribution system. In some embodiments the intermittent load is disconnected from the remainder of the system and the voltage supplied to this load is allowed to fluctuate. In other embodiments, the voltage to critical loads is regulated independently of the voltage supplied to the remainder of the system. The different topologies described can be grouped into three categories, each corresponding to a different solution technique. One approach is to regulate the voltage to the critical loads. A second approach is to isolate the intermittent load that causes the drop in system voltage. The third approach is to use a different type of alternator that has a faster response than the conventional Lundell wound field machine.

A computer-implemented method for routing shipments according to criticality includes accessing an initial solution to an optimization problem of routing multiple shipments to multiple locations using multiple vehicles, the initial solution including multiple loads such that each shipment is routed within exactly one load and a global cost across all loads is minimized, the initial solution being generated independent of the criticality of the shipments. Into each of one or more critical loads in a current solution, one or more non-critical shipments are inserted that are within a neighborhood of the critical load, a critical load being a load containing at least one critical shipment. One or more local search operations are executed to improve the initial solution, the operations including at least one of: (a) splitting each of one or more selected critical loads in a current solution into two new critical loads; (b) for each of one or more selected critical load pairs in a current solution, move a sequence of stops from one critical load in the pair to the other critical load in the pair and / or swap two sequences of stops between the critical loads in the pair; and (c) for each of one or more selected critical loads in a current solution that are indirect critical loads having at least one in-transit stop, break up the indirect critical load into a plurality of new direct critical loads having no in-transit stops and execute operation (b) on each of one or more selected critical load pairs, each selected critical load pair including at least one new direct critical load.

A patch of low friction materials, such as a film of polytetrafluoroethylene is sized to provide an area of low friction support for a portion of a human body relative to an object such as a shoe or prosthetic socket. The patch can be lined with foam, or preferably, a stretch fabric so that it will fit around irregular contours of the shoe, or socket, or the skin itself. The patches reduce shear trauma in critical load areas. After identifying regions of high loads, the method comprises applying the patches as needed to avoid sores, calluses, blisters and abrasions.

Dual feed power supply system provides high reliability of a dual utility feed, with minimal interruptions in power supplied to critical loads during switching, and compensation for voltage sags occurring on the primary power feed. AC input buses are connected through a transfer switching apparatus to phase lines of a distribution bus. The transfer switching apparatus has a first input terminal connected to one of the phase lines of the first input bus and a second input terminal connected to one of the phase lines of the second input bus, and an output terminal connected to one of the phase lines of the distribution bus. Input switches allow switching from one or the other of the AC input buses to the distribution bus, with a fast transfer switch used to interrupt the supply of power from the input buses to the distribution bus during switching of the input switches.

A patch of low friction materials, such as a film of polytetrafluoroethylene is sized to provide an area of low friction support for a portion of a human body relative to an object such as a shoe or prosthetic socket. The patch can be lined with foam, or preferably, a stretch fabric so that it will fit around irregular contours of the shoe, or socket, or the skin itself. The patches reduce shear trauma in critical load areas. After identifying regions of high loads, the method comprises applying the patches as needed to avoid sores, calluses, blisters and abrasions.

A redundant power distribution system and a method of providing redundant isolation are described. The system includes a normal operation circuit branch and an external bypass circuit branch, enhanced with a generator bypass connection, both connected to a critical load, the generator bypass circuit branch including a diverse, redundant power source. The normal operation circuit branch delivers power to the critical load during normal operations and the external bypass circuit branch delivers power to the critical load from the redundant power source via the enhanced generator bypass connection during bypass operations. The system also allows the critical load to be electrically isolated from all of or a portion of the normal operation circuit branch.

A redundant power distribution system and a method of providing redundant isolation are described. The system includes a normal operation circuit branch and an external bypass circuit branch, enhanced with a generator bypass connection, both connected to a critical load, the generator bypass circuit branch including a diverse, redundant power source. The normal operation circuit branch delivers power to the critical load during normal operations and the external bypass circuit branch delivers power to the critical load from the redundant power source via the enhanced generator bypass connection during bypass operations. The system also allows the critical load to be electrically isolated from all of or a portion of the normal operation circuit branch.

The invention provides a method for testing elastic modulus and breaking strength of a circular or circular-tube brittle material, which comprises the steps of: first machining a pipe or circular material sample to be tested into a notch ring sample, wherein the notch is positioned at the middle part of the sample in the height direction; applying a compression load to the notch ring sample, and calculating the elastic modulus of the material in online linear elastic range according to the obtained load increment, the corresponding compression displacement increment and the size of the sample; and applying the compression load to the sample till the sample is broken, and calculating the strength of the sample according to the critical load and the size of the sample. The method does not need a specific clamp, is not limited by the test environment and condition, can be used for tests in special environments of low temperature, high temperature, ultrahigh temperature, vacuum, toxic andharmful medium and the like in which conventional tests cannot be implemented, solves the problem of difficult machining of samples for testing elastic modulus and strength of pipe-shaped and circular parts, and has important actual application value.

A method and apparatus of the invention are intended for determining characteristics of thin films, layers and coatings on under-layers and substrates when the films, layers and coatings have electrical characteristics measurably different from those of the under-layers and substrates. The method consists of selecting an object with an appropriate combination of a coating and substrate having different electrical characteristics, connecting one electrical contact to either the coating when the coating is more conductive than its substrate or to the substrate when the coating is less conductive than its substrate, connecting a second electrical contact to either the coating when the coating is conductive or to a conductive indenter when the coating is non-conductive, causing a relative movement between the indenter and the coating with application of an either constant or increasing force with simultaneous monitoring of electrical characteristics of the aforementioned circuit, until these characteristics change substantially and reach a critical level. The substantial changes in the electrical characteristics correspond to film or coating removal and exposure of the under-layer or substrate to the indenter. The characteristics of the thin films, layers and coatings are evaluated based on either critical load or distance or number of cycles corresponding to the substantial change in the electrical characteristics. The invention also relates to an apparatus for realization of the method.

A delay optimization algorithm has four major steps: (1) selecting signal connections to target for delay improvement; (2) unrouting all signals containing those candidate connections; (3) rerouting those signals, using a “load-balancing”heuristic; and (4) during rip-up and re-try routing, protecting wiring to all signal loads routed by the heuristic, including non-timing critical loads. Load balancing includes (a) applying a branching penalty on logic cell output wire segments, and (b) encouraging all non-route critical loads to route through a single buffered wire segment.

The invention discloses integration equipment and a detection method for evaluating coating bonding strength based on interface fracture toughness, belonging to the technical field of material surface engineering. With the equipment, a computer is used for controlling operation of four functional modules, including an ultrasonic detection module, a hardness testing module, a continuous press-in testing module and an interface crack detecting module; a man-machine interactive software system is used for processing acquisition and transmission of data of the functional modules and analysis operation and data display and output of an interface press-in mechanical model in an integrated manner; and through ultrasonic nondestructive measurement on elasticity modulus of a coating and a matrix and continuous press-in testing on a coating-matrix interface, quantitative detection on all parameters of an interface fracture toughness formula is completed in one equipment, and the critical load PC of coating-matrix interface fracture and the corresponding interface fracture toughness Kca are obtained. The equipment and the detection principle are clear, the modular design is beneficial to updating and expanding of a mechanical model library, and a detection sample is simple and convenient to prepare.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a MoS2 composite thin film with high hardness and loss abrasion on a surface of a substrate. The method comprises the following step: sequentially depositing a metal Ti priming coat, a TiN transitional layer and a Ti / MoS2 composite thin film on the surface of the substrate by using a high power pulse magnetron sputtering technology combined with optimized process conditions to obtain the MoS2 composite thin film which is strong in film binding force and high hardness and has low frictional coefficient and wear rate in various frictional environments. The nano hardness of the composite thin film is over 11GPa, the critical load value is over 60N, and the frictional coefficients in room-temperature air with relative humidity of 30%, 50% and 70%, an N2 atmosphere and a hydraulic oil environment are below 0.055. Therefore, the substrate is effectively protected in frictional reduction, and the composite thin film has a good application prospect.

A DC-based power system including: an AC power distribution system for providing AC power to a first node and a second node; a first converting system coupled to the first node that converts AC power to DC power and outputs the DC power to a first distributed bus bar; a second converting system coupled to the second node that converts AC power to DC power and outputs the DC power to a second distributed bus bar; a first set of DC / DC converters that steps down the DC power from the first distributed bus bar to a first stepped down DC voltage; a second set of DC / DC converters that steps down the DC power from the second distributed bus bar to a second stepped down DC voltage; and a critical load distribution system that is powered by both the first stepped down DC voltage and the second stepped down DC voltage.

The invention provides a method for testing elastic modulus and strength of fiber materials and a device thereof. The device comprises a load control system, a support frame, a clamp, an electronic balance and a microscope control system. The accurate electronic balance is used for measuring load, and the clamp is used for converting compression load into fiber tensile load. After initial load is exerted on fibers, a load control tank exerts load, the microscope is used for measuring relative displacement change after and before load is exerted, and the elastic modulus of the fibers can be calculated according to relation of stress increment-strain increment. Force is continuously exerted until the fibers are broken, and tensile strength of the fibers can be calculated according to critical load and cross sectional area of the fibers. The method and the device can be used for measuring elastic modulus and strength of fibers of a few micrometers to dozens of micrometers or yarns, thereby resolving testing problems in the field and having significance on mechanical property assessment of small fibers and experiment equipment development.

An apparatus and method for monitoring and controlling a backup power source and one or more critical loads powered thereby is disclosed. The apparatus is constructed in the form of an electrical distribution panel that includes electronic systems for monitoring the current to the critical loads. In the event of an overcurrent condition on one or more critical load circuits, the system is able to disable power flow to the offending circuit so as to protect the remaining critical load circuits and the backup power source. The system is also provided with a means for communicating status information about the system to a remote user.

A loadcenter for supplying power to a critical load is capable of isolating a distribution panel distributing power to the critical load from another distribution panel distributing power to a non-critical load to enable the isolated distribution panels being supplied with power from separate generator power sources in response to power supplied by a utility power source to both distribution panels becoming unacceptable.

The invention provides a method for testing the fracture toughness of rattan canes based on a three-point bending mode. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a sample, and regulating a water content rate so as to obtain a sample of which the water content rate is 10-12%; recording a load-crack opening displacement (PV) curve, measuring actual crack depths, and calculating critical loads PQ and critical stress intensity factors KQ. According to the method provided by the invention, the crack opening displacement is measured by a C.O.D Gauge, and the test precision is improved. Aiming at the characteristics of the rattan materials, the sampling method for testing the fracture toughness of rattan canes is ensured, and the measured results having high accuracy and good reproducibility are obtained. The calculation method for testing the fracture toughness of rattan cane, provided by the invention, provides qualitative and quantitative bases for the utilization of the rattan canes.

A method for improving the stability of U-shaped steel arch support and a connecting component, which are used in the field of roadway excavation support. The retractable support must rely on the friction of the overlapping section to conduct the support, and the failure of the card to loosen accounts for 50% of the accident rate. According to the principle of mechanics, any roadway section, regardless of whether the shape of the arch frame is closed or not, when the steel section is determined, the longer the connection with the card, the more complete, the lower the critical load, and even the overall strength of the material fails due to local weakness. Steady and crumbling. The new method enhances the critical load and support through comprehensive measures such as local reinforcement with moderately variable cross-section to increase the moment of inertia of the weakest part, effective fractured top-to-top connection at the part with large curvature, and mutual pulling between the supports. overall stability. Based on this method, technology and the internal force characteristics of the arch under pressure, several sets of special connecting components are designed. The new method can reduce support accidents, increase shed spacing, reduce support strength and greatly reduce steel consumption.

The invention provides a preparation method of a silicon-containing hydroxyapatite coating of a carbon / carbon composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a low-density carbon / carbon composite material in a hydrothermal kettle containing a sodium perchlorate solution for hydrothermal treatment, and then washing with distilled water and drying the carbon / carboncomposite material; placing the treated carbon / carbon composite material in a flowable aqueous solution containing calcium nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and precipitating out a calcium hydrophosphate coating on the surface of the carbon / carbon composite material through an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic induced heating method; then placing the calcium hydrophosphate coating of the carbon / carbon composite material in the hydrothermal kettle containing an ammonia water aqueous solution for hydrothermal treatment so as to obtain the hydroxyapatite coating of the carbon / carbon composite material; and subsequently, placing the hydroxyapatite coating of the carbon / carbon composite material in the hydrothermal kettle containing a sodium silicate aqueous solution for hydrothermal treatment again so as to obtain the silicon-containing hydroxyapatite coating of the carbon / carbon composite material. By using the method, the silicon-containing hydroxyapatite coating with good crystallinity, high bonding strength up to critical load 143 N and Vickers hardness 2.3 can be prepared on the surface of the low-density carbon / carbon composite material.

The present invention is directed to a precise power system which utilizes two separate inverters fed by a rectifying power supply from a generator set. During normal operation, the first or critical inverter would feed the critical load(s) and the second or non-critical inverter would assist the electric utility in feeding the non-critical load(s). During utility grid failure, the second inverter is disconnected from the power supply so that the entire output of the generator set is available to the critical load. During generator set failure, the utility grid powers the second inverter to supply power to the first inverter for the critical load(s).

The invention discloses a load distribution method for multi-line power restoration after a power distribution network fault. The method is a calculating method used for how to divide load in a non-failure power-losing district after the power distribution network fault is removed and distribute the load to multiple power supply paths to restore power supply. The load distribution steps are as follows: calculating the extreme load distribution ratio and the critical load sharing ratio which correspond to each power supply path; and confirming the optimal load distribution ratio. According to the method, least power loss of a non-power-losing district is aimed at to obtain the extreme load distribution ratio, the critical load sharing ratio is obtained through voltage and current safety restriction, the extreme load distribution ratio and the critical load sharing ratio are considered in a combined mode to adjust load distribution so as to meet safe economy requirements and obtain the optimal load distribution ratio, and therefore a reasonable and effective load distribution scheme is confirmed, and a power-losing district is divided, and network failure reconstruction is completed. The load distribution method for the multi-line power restoration after the power distribution network fault is simple, convenient and effective, is favorable to realizing quick fault restoration, and optimizes distribution network operation.

The invention discloses direct-current power spring topology and a control method thereof, wherein definition of a critical load and a non-critical load is similar to current alternating-current ES. DCES is achieved by adopting a DC / DC convertor with bidirectional energy, and meanwhile the position of the non-critical load in current alternating-current ES is changed by adopting a concept of a direct-current transformer to enable the voltage of the non-critical load to be monotonously changed along with changes of the network voltage. When the direct-current voltage output by renewable energy power generation deviates from a normal value, DCES not only can guarantee that the critical load voltage precisely follows a set value, but also can transfer fluctuation of the direct-current voltage to the non-critical load, and therefore automatic balance of the voltage and the power is achieved. The direct current power spring topology and the control method thereof are especially suitable for a roof photovoltaic power generation system and a small wind power generation system and are particularly important to voltage stabilization of a direct-current power system and a direct-current micro grid. After the direct current power spring topology and the control method thereof are adopted, a common user can directly supply power to the critical load through self power generation.

The invention relates to a distribution network static voltage stability probability assessment method based on a two-point estimating method. The distribution network static voltage stability probability assessment method comprises the following steps that firstly, a random output model of a distributed power source is established, the statistical property of random variables in the model is determined, and the two-point estimating method is adopted to obtain calculation sample values and the weight of samples; secondly, on the basis of all the samples, the continuation power flow method is adopted to obtain corresponding static voltage stability thresholds and critical load margins, and the statistical property values of the voltage stability thresholds and the critical load margins are calculated based on the results and the weight of all the samples; finally the Cornish-Fisher series are introduced to estimate the probability distribution of the corresponding static voltage stability margins. The two-point estimating method is adopted to select sample points for deterministic calculational analysis, so that an un-deterministic problem is converted into a deterministic calculation; the voltage stability thresholds of all the sample points are found by utilizing the continuation power flow method, in this way, the voltage stability condition of a distribution network of a distributed power source including random output is estimated, and estimation accuracy is high.

An automatic transfer switch includes first and second magnetically latched relays that respectively connect first and second voltage sources to a critical load. The first and second relays are magnetically latched in their respective opened or closed positions by a permanent magnet so that no holding current is supplied to the relays after switching is completed. As such, no holding current is required for either relay in the non-transferred or the transferred state of the automatic transfer switch, which reduces heat generated by the relays which can lead to relay failure. A switching method uses the automatic transfer switch to switch voltage sources without requiring relay holding currents in either the non-transferred or transferred state. A method of reducing contact bounce is also disclosed.

A vehicle instrument panel support structure is provided having fixing and mounting surfaces linked together by ribs in an open space frame structure. The ribs are sized, shaped and positioned to create critical load paths and eliminate the outer skin of the instrument panel support structure. Magnesium alloy material is only placed where it is needed for structure and function. The functionality of the vehicle instrument panel support structure is maintained as are the stiffness and crashworthiness when compared to the traditional design, but the weight of the instrument panel structure and the projected area are reduced. A method of designing an instrument panel support structure using a computer aided engineering platform is also provided.

A double frangible bearing support structure supports a low pressure rotor of an aircraft engine. The support structure has a first bearing assembly including a first bearing supported by a first bearing support adapted to buckle or frange when subject to a predetermined critical load resulting from an abnormal rotor imbalance. The support structure has a second bearing assembly comprising a second bearing having rolling elements disposed between inner and outer races. The outer race is connected to a second bearing support by means of frangible bolts adapted to fail when subject to a predetermined critical load resulting from radial displacements and loads of the low pressure rotor following decoupling / franging at the first bearing support.