The invention discloses a model shield tunneling machine starting device capable of achieving self-balancing of counter-force. A model shield tunneling machine is arranged on the tunneling side of a test soil box frame, and hydraulic jacks are arranged at one end, far away from the test soil box frame, of the model shield tunneling machine. The model shield tunneling machine starting device comprises a counter-force seat and a guide rail, wherein the counter-force seat and the guide rail are both installed on the work ground, the counter-force seat is arranged on one side, far away from the test soil box frame, of the model shield tunneling machine, the counter-force seat and the test soil box frame are connected with each other through cross beams, and the model shielding tunneling machine is arranged on the guide rail. The model shield tunneling machine starting device capable of achieving the self-balancing of the counter-force can provide the counter-force to the model shield tunneling machine, the counter-force is transmitted to the test soil box frame through the cross beams, and therefore the self-balancing of the counter-force is achieved. Due to the fact that a reaction wall does not need to be built in the process of the model test, on the one hand, the occupied site space of test equipment is reduced and test expense is saved, on the other hand, guide can be provided for starting of the model shield tunneling machine, consistency of the staring direction and the axis direction of a tunnel cave to be built as planed is guaranteed, and posture change of the shield tunneling machine is avoided.