The invention discloses a hand-held soil nutrient quick nondestructive measurement system. The system comprises a microprocessor, a liquid crystal display, a light source, a near infrared spectrum module, a keyboard, a data memory, a power supply and a Y-type optical fiber, wherein, the microprocessor is connected with the near infrared spectrum through a RS232 serial interface circuit; the power supply supplies electricity for the microprocessor, the liquid crystal display, the light source, the near infrared spectrum module, the keyboard and the data memory respectively; the tail end of the Y-type optical fiber is a spectrum acquisition probe, while the other two ends are connected with the light source and the near infrared spectrum module respectively. The system can measure the most main nutrient information of the soil, including nitrogent content, phosphorus content, kalium content and organic matter content. carrying out spectrum acquisition and processing through the near infrared spectrum module and the microprocessor, the system makes up the defect that the traditional large near infrared spectrometer can only be used indoors, and is not suitable for carrying in the field; and the whole device is less than 1kg in weight, is convenient for carrying, and can meet the requirement of quickly measuring the soil nutrient in the field.