220 results about "Linear coefficient" patented technology

Fine-grained (average grain size 1 nm to 1,000 nm) metallic coatings optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic materials are significantly harder and stronger than conventional coatings of the same chemical composition due to Hall-Petch strengthening and have low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). The invention provides means for matching the CTE of the fine-grained metallic coating to the one of the substrate by adjusting the composition of the alloy and / or by varying the chemistry and volume fraction of particulates embedded in the coating. The fine-grained metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling. The low CTEs and the ability to match the CTEs of the fine-grained metallic coatings with the CTEs of the substrate minimize dimensional changes during thermal cycling and prevent premature failure.

A capacitor has first and second conducting plates and a dielectric region between the plates, wherein the dielectric region comprises two dielectric materials for each of which the variation of capacitance with voltage can be approximated by a polynomial having a linear coefficient and a quadratic coefficient, and wherein the quadratic coefficients of the two dielectric materials are of opposite sign. The capacitor comprises for example a first capacitor (42) and a second capacitor (44) that one connected in an anti-parallel manner. The insulating layer (18) of the first capacitor comprises silicon nitride and the insulating layer (16) of the second capacitor comprises silicon dioxide

The invention relates to a method for performing face recognition by combining the rarefaction of shape characteristic, belonging to the image processing field. The method comprises the following steps: performing textural characteristic extraction and shape characteristic extraction to all the facial images in a training set based on constrained sampling, obtaining textural characteristic matrix and shape characteristic matrix, corresponding one type of the textural characteristic matrix and shape characteristic matrix to a plurality of face images of one person in the training set respectively; performing textural characteristic extraction and shape characteristic extraction to the face image of a person to be identified based on constrained sampling, obtaining the textural characteristic vector of a image to be identified; calculating the textural residual error and shape residual error of each type in the training set; using the linear coefficient of the shape characteristic vector of the training set to represent the shape characteristic vector of the image to be identified; and using the type of the training set with the maximum comprehensive similarity to the face to be identified as the identifying result of the person to be identified. The method of the invention has higher face recognition.

A ceramic restoration based on a leucitic glass-ceramic, which is characterized in that the glass-ceramic includes by way of componentsin that it contains, as sole crystalline phase, leucite in a total proportion from 20 to 45 wt.-%, at least 80% of the theoretically producible quantity of leucite being present, and in that it exhibits a linear coefficient of thermal expansion alpha(20-500° C.) from 12.5.10-6 to 15.5.10-6 K-1. This glass-ceramic is particularly suitable for processing as pressed ceramic and can be advantageously faced with dental ceramic that exhibits a linear coefficient of thermal expansion alpha(20-500° C.) from 13.5.10-6 to 17.0.10-6 K-1.

A light emitting apparatus including a board (2), at least one LED element (3) mounted on the board (2), a first resinous sealing member (4) to seal the LED element (3) and having a linear coefficient of expansion, and a second resinous sealing member (5) to cover the first resinous sealing member (4) and having a linear coefficient of expansion, the first resinous sealing member (4) containing a functional additive comprising at least one of a fluorescent material, an inorganic filler, and a diffusing agent, the linear coefficient of expansion of the first resinous sealing member (4) being set to be substantially identical with the linear coefficient of expansion of the second resinous sealing member (5).

The invention discloses a method for utilizing a laser ultrasonic wave to precisely measure a third order elastic constant of metal. The method comprises the following steps: respectively measuring wave velocities of a longitudinal wave, a transverse wave and a surface wave excited by a laser under stress-free state and stress state; utilizing the wave velocities of the longitudinal wave, the transverse wave and the surface wave measured under stress-free state to calculate a second order elastic constant and a density of metal according to a sonic elasticity theory and a Rayleigh equation; utilizing the ultrasonic wave velocities of the longitudinal wave, the transverse wave and the surface wave measured under stress state to introduce an equivalent second order elastic constant and an independently measured linear coefficient of thermal expansion; and lastly, calculating the third order elastic constant according to the sonic elasticity theory. According to the method, a pulse laser source is utilized to excite a sound surface wave, non-contact exciting is performed under a thermal elastic system and an overheated phenomenon of materials is avoided, so as to realize nondestructive measurement. A large amount of sound surface wave data spread for different distances is collected and a correlation function is utilized to calculate a wave velocity of the sound surface wave and a spread distance of sound wave, thereby greatly reducing error of arriving time value of the sound surface wave and promoting the measuring precision of a sound wave velocity.

A light transmitting panel capable of acting as a smoke vent and of the type for connecting within a metal roofing system is provided. The light transmitting panel includes a translucent panel that melts away rapidly under high temperature, a metal panel and a linear coefficient buffer therebetween to allow the respective panels to expand and contract with respect to the other without loss of containment or seal.

A method of making an aircraft component is provided, wherein the method comprises the steps of:providing a mould (1) for the receipt of a material (3) from which the aircraft component is to be made providing the mould with said material providing an intensification tool (14) in spaced relationship to the mould andheating the material, tool and mould so that the tool expands and applies pressure to the material and so as to form the component andwherein the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool in a first direction is matched to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the component in the first direction, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool in a second direction is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the component in the second direction, the tool being provided with at least one contacting surface for contacting the material and through which pressure is applied to the material, the expansion of the tool in the second direction causing the at least one contacting surface to contact, and exert pressure on, the material.

A method for automated surveillance of at least one wind turbine is provided. A linear model is created or retrieved, which represents at least one status parameter of the wind turbine and which includes a plurality of linear coefficients and a measurement variable. The values of the linear coefficients are determined based on test measurement values for the measurement variable and the status parameter of the wind turbine. Momentary measurement values are repeatedly captured for the measurement variables and the status parameter of the wind turbine. A momentary reference value of the status parameter is determined based on the momentary measurement values for the measurement variables by using the linear model. Wind turbine status information is generated based on the deviation of the momentary measurement value from the corresponding momentary reference value of the status parameter. A monitoring apparatus and a method for creating a linear model are disclosed.

The method discloses a robust video object tracking method, and the method comprises the steps: sampling a candidate target particle based on the particle filter importance sampling principle; filtering out divergent particles based on the cosine similarity between the candidate target particle and a former tracking result; representing the screened candidate target particle based on a template dictionary linearly; building a low-rank sparse mathematic model of a linear coefficient matrix; solving a coefficient matrix based on an incorrect lagrangian multiplier optimization algorithm; selecting an optimal candidate object according to a discrimination function to serve as a tracking result; and updating the template dictionary in an on-line manner. The robustness of the method guarantees that the method can meet various types of challenges, and achieves the accurate tracking of a target in a video. The method solves a problem of inaccurate tracking and drift of the target in the video, wherein the problem is caused by illumination variation, scale change, shading, deformation, movement fuzzy, quick movement, rotation, background clutter, low resolution and others.

The invention relates to a method of applying Rayleigh waves in non-linear ultrasonic evaluation of surface damage of a metal material. The method comprises the following steps: 1) excitation and reception of Rayleigh waves; 2) detection of reliability of a testing system; 3) measurement of non-linear coefficients when the surface of a test piece has damage of different degrees; 4) repeatable operation of test. Compared to the method of using body waves for ultrasonic nondestructive test, the non-linear ultrasonic evaluation method provided in the invention has the characteristic that Rayleigh surface waves are especially suitable for measurement of non-linear coefficients of large-scale complex plate structures. According to the invention, it is only needed to carry out excitation and measurement of supersonic waves at one side of a structure during measuring, which enables measuring to be simple and easy; the Rayleigh surface waves have advantages favorable for measuring, e.g., concentration of energy on the surface of a structure, a long propagation distance, etc.; operation is simple and easy, so the method is especially suitable for on-site detection of structural elements; effective evaluation of early damage and degeneration of mechanical properties of a material structure can be realized by using the non-linear ultrasonic method.

The invention discloses a material acoustic non-linear coefficient measuring method through Relay surface wave, which comprises the following steps: adopting specific signal amplifier as signal source; assembling piezoelectric sensor on the rim of the detector piece directly to excite the Relay wave; using laser interferometer to gather the Relay wave signal on the gathered piece surface; proceeding Fuliye conversion for the gathered Relay wave signal rapidly; obtaining the basic frequency and high frequency component in the signal; affirming the relative acoustic non-linear coefficient of the material effectively and precisely.

The invention discloses a low signal-to-noise ratio ISAR envelope alignment method based on piecewise linear movement estimation. The method mainly solves the problem that in the prior art, ISAR echo envelopes with a low signal-to-noise ratio can not be effectively or quickly aligned. According to the implementation scheme, envelope errors of target echoes are modeled in a high-order polynomial form based on the continuity of target movement, a full-aperture time is divided into multiple periods of sub-aperture time, and envelope errors in each period of sub-aperture time are approximated to be linear. Linear coefficient estimation is carried out on each sub-aperture through a traditional envelope alignment algorithm, and estimation on envelope errors of a full aperture is achieved through the least square method based on linear coefficient estimation results of the sub-apertures. According to the method, efficient and accurate alignment of the target echo envelopes can be achieved under the condition of a low signal-to-noise ratio, and the method can be used in the target detection and recognition and ISAR imaging fields.

The invention discloses a zinc oxide base high-potential gradient voltage-sensitive ceramic material and preparing method and application, which comprises the following parts: 100mol ZnO as main component, first accessory ingredient within Bi2O3, Co2O3, MnO2, Cr2O3, Ni2O3 with molar quantity at 0.5-1.2mol respectively, second accessory ingredient with 0.8-1.5mol Sb2O3, third accessory ingredient with 0.2-1.2mol Ho2O3 and or Er2O3, forth accessory ingredient with 0.002-0.005mol Al2O3. The preparing method comprises the following steps: blending each component together to make spraying slurry; spraying; drying; graining; proceeding dry pressing; moulding; sintering. The potential gradient of voltage-sensitive ceramic material is 300-500V / mm with non-linear coefficient is more than 50, which can be applied in the electric lightning arrester or other lightning protection overvoltage protection of electric electronic circuit due to strong pulse attack resistance ability.

The invention relates to a process method for preparing low residual voltage ZnO varistor ceramic and belongs to the technical field of residual voltage ZnO varistor ceramic machining; the residual voltage ZnO varistor ceramic preparation process is based on the sintering process and seeded solution growth and includes the raw materials of ZnO, Bi2O3, MnO2, Sb2O3, Co2O3, SiO2, Al (NO3) 3 9H2O and Cr2O3; the preparation method includes that: ZnO, Bi2O3 and Al (NO3) 3 9H2O in the raw material formula are adopted to be ground by a ball mill and dried as seed crystal raw material; the seed crystal raw material is placed in a high temperature electric resistance furnace for pre-sintering to from seed crystal lumps as the first step, and the seed crystal lumps are cooled to normal temperature in the furnace; and then the seed crystal lumps are ground by the ball mill again and sieved to obtain seed crystals; all remaining raw materials, the seed crystals and PVA solution are mixed and ground by the ball mill to be dried, sieved and granulated with water content and pressed into blanks; and the blanks are sintered and cooled to normal temperature in the second step. The process method not only can reduce grain resistivity and ZnO varistor residual voltage, but also restrains the increasing of current leakage and the decreasing of non-linear coefficient. The low residual voltage ZnO varistor ceramic has higher performance and is more suitable for industrial application.

A linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between two materials, such as between a microelectronic die and a mounting substrate, may induce stress at the interface of the materials. The temperature changes present during the process of attaching a die to a mounting substrate can cause cracking and failure in the electrical connections used to connect the die and mounting substrate. A material with a CTE approximately matching the die CTE is introduced in the mounting substrate to reduce the stress and cracking at the electrical connections between the die and mounting substrate. Additionally, this material may comprise thin film capacitors useful for decoupling power supplies.

The present invention provides an improved epoxy resin composition enabling better dimensional stability of a laminate by decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion in its thickness direction of a laminate manufactured using an epoxy resin composition as a material, and by retaining a high level of adhesion in the cured product thereof, enabling better drilling workability of the laminate and suppression of crack development therein during the drilling process, and enabling to decrease impregnation of the plating solution into the laminate associated with those cracks. This epoxy resin composition includes: (A) an epoxy resin; (B) a curing agent composed of phenolic novolac resin curing agent or amine curing agent, (C) an inorganic filler composed of aluminum hydroxide with or without spherical silica; and (D) an elastic component made of minute particles having a core-shell structure with its shell constituted by a resin which is compatible with said epoxy resin (A). The epoxy resin composition exhibits, when cured into an article, a linear coefficient (az) of thermal expansion of 48 or less with respect to a thickness of said article.

An optical scanning apparatus includes a semiconductor laser and a first optical element that are fixed on a single continuous member. A second optical element, which is a diffraction optical element, has a diffracting surface in which an elliptical groove is formed and which includes a diffracting portion power such that a change in the beam waist position in a main scan direction and a sub-scan direction due to temperature variation in the optical scanning apparatus becomes substantially zero. The member on which the semiconductor laser and the first optical element are fixed has a linear coefficient of expansion such that the ellipticity of the elliptical groove increases.

The invention discloses a non-linear load calculation method of a flying wing unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the steps of solving flight attitude parameters. A multi-degree-of-freedom coupling flight dynamics simulation model is adopted for aerodynamic and dynamic flight calculation of the aircraft based on aerodynamic non-linear coefficients in solving the flight attitude parameters, Atthe same time, an objective function is established to optimize the flight attitude parameters which do not meet the requirements by using the optimization algorithm, and the output flight attitude parameters are used as the input of the nonlinear concentrated load calculation. As for that aerodynamic non-linearity characteristic of the whole aircraft of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the invention adopt a flight dynamics simulation model of multi-degree-of-freedom coupling to solve the flight attitude parameters of three-axis couple non-linearity on the basis of the aerodynamic non-linearity coefficient; Thus, the nonlinear load calculation of flying-wing UAV is realized, which has good practicability.

A light transmitting panel of the type for connecting within a metal roofing system is provided. The light transmitting panel includes a translucent panel, a metal panel and a linear coefficient buffer therebetween to allow the respective panels to expand and contract with respect to the other without loss of containment or seal. The light transmitting panel is formed so as to substantially match the configuration and the strength characteristics of the roofing system into which it is installed.

The invention relates to an electrocardiosignal automatic noise reduction method. The method includes the steps that 1, R-wave peak positions of electrocardiosignals are detected, and preliminary wave filtering is conducted; 2, from the electrocardiosignals after the preliminary wave filtering, cardiac beat segments of a number of continuous cardiac beats are selected, and mean-value calculation is conducted on the cardiac beat segments to obtain a mean template; 3, the mean template is used for replacing the cardiac beat segments corresponding to the obtained electrocardiosignals, and a guide signal is obtained; 4, a number of windows are set in sequence on the guide signal, then in each window, and by adopting a guide wave-filtering model, linear transformation is conducted on the guide signal to obtain wave-filtering output; 5, after linear coefficients of all window are calculated, the linear coefficients are introduced into the guide wave-filtering model, and the value of qi is obtained and serves as a final result. According to the electrocardiosignal automatic noise reduction method, by the adoption of the mean template method, a majority of amplitude features of the electrocardiosignals can be reserved to a certain degree, then, the guide signal is constructed by replacing the main parts of the electrocardiosignals, and in this way, the obtained guide signal reserves most of the amplitude features of the electrocardiosignals.

The invention discloses a Hall difference equation force measuring method for a symmetrical and complementary structure. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fixing a cylindrical permanent magnet on an elastic body, symmetrically arranging two linear Hall elements on both sides of the cylindrical permanent magnet without moving along the elastic body so as to ensure that the facing direction of the character sign surfaces of the two linear Hall elements are consistent and parallel to both end faces of the cylindrical permanent magnet and then connecting the two Hall elements into a measuring circuit; (2) applying force F to the elastic body of the step (1) so as to ensure that the cylindrical permanent magnet generates displacement change and recording an output voltage difference value of the two linear Hall elements, wherein the voltage difference value is expressed by delta U; and (3) substituting the delta U value obtained in the step (2) into the formula delta U=delta U0+2KF so as to solve the value of the applied force F, wherein the delta U0 in the formula is a static output voltage difference value of the two linear Hall elements, and K is a linear coefficient. The method has good linearty and higher sensitivity.

The invention relates to a zinc oxide varistor ceramic material doped with a composite rare earth oxide and a method for the production thereof, which belongs to the functional ceramic material manufacturing technique field. The ceramic material is characterized in that the zinc oxide varistor resistance material comprises the following compositions of 95 percent to 98 percent of ZnO as a main material, respectively 0.1 percent to 1.0 percent of MnO2, Co2O3, Bi2O3, Cr2O3 and Sb2O3, and 0.01 percent to 0.4 percent of composite rare earth oxide by molar percentage, wherein the composite rare earth oxide is one of Sc2O3, rare earth oxide Y2O3, La2O3, Ce2O3, Er2O3, Dy2O3 and Nd2O3 non-doped or doped with Al2O3. The invention increases the electric potential gradient of the zinc oxide varistor ceramic to between 1300 and 1600V / mm through adjusting the reasonable proportion of the composite rare earth oxide, and the non-linear coefficient is between 30 and 50 and the leakage current is between 2 and 20 mu A. The varistor ceramic of the invention can be used for making high grade lightning protector products with supervoltage electric systems.

The invention discloses an asphalt volume expansion and shrinkage coefficient determinator and method, and relates to a volume expansion and shrinkage coefficient determinator and method of a material, in order to solve the problems that when an existing device determines the asphalt volume expansion and shrinkage coefficient, the determined result accuracy cannot be ensured because of the influences by asphalt adhesion and the creep property, and only the linear coefficient of asphalt can be determined. The asphalt volume expansion and shrinkage coefficient determinator comprises a top cover, a base and a glass tube, wherein the base comprises a connector and a base plate; the connector is inserted and installed in a first groove, and the connector and the first groove are detachably connected with each other; the upper end surface of the connector and the bottom surface of the first groove are sealed; and a second groove forms an enclosed chamber. The determining method mainly comprises the following steps of: step 1, assembling the determinator; step 2, determining the volume expansion or shrinkage coefficient of an indicator; step 3, manufacturing an asphalt test element and determining the volume of the asphalt test element; step 4, determining the volume expansion or shrinkage coefficient of the asphalt test element; and step 5, calculating the volume expansion or shrinkage coefficient of the asphalt test element. The asphalt volume expansion and shrinkage coefficient determinator and method provided by the invention are used for determining the asphalt volume expansion and shrinkage coefficient.

The present invention provides an improved epoxy resin composition enabling better dimensional stability of a laminate by decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion in its thickness direction of a laminate manufactured using an epoxy resin composition as a material, and by retaining a high level of adhesion in the cured product thereof, enabling better drilling workability of the laminate and suppression of crack development therein during the drilling process, and enabling to decrease impregnation of the plating solution into the laminate associated with those cracks.This epoxy resin composition includes:(A) an epoxy resin;(B) a curing agent composed of phenolic novolac resin curing agent or amine curing agent,(C) an inorganic filler composed of aluminum hydroxide with or without spherical silica; and(D) an elastic component made of minute particles having a core-shell structure with its shell constituted by a resin which is compatible with said epoxy resin (A).The epoxy resin composition exhibits, when cured into an article, a linear coefficient (az) of thermal expansion of 48 or less with respect to a thickness of said article.

The invention discloses a method for detecting early-stage mechanical property degradation of a material by utilizing nolinear rayleigh wave, belonging to the field of nondestructive testing. The invention comprises the following steps: inputting frequency, periodicity and other parameters of a selected transmission signal to a signal generator to generate a required single sound signal, and determining the incident angle theta of the transmission signal according to the wave speed of a piece to be tested; collecting a non-linear Rayleigh wave signal in equal time intervals in the stretching or fatigue loading process of the piece to be tested; and carrying out Fourier transform to obtain basic wave amplitude and secondary harmonic amplitude, computing the ultrasound non-linear coefficient beta, and knowing the early-stage mechanical property degradation of the piece to be tested according to beta. In the invention, a sensor is directly arranged at the edge of the piece to be tested to transmit and receive Rayleigh wave to improve the excitation and receiving efficiencies of the signal and decrease the non-linear influence brought by the coupling of the sensor and the piece to be tested; and both the excitation and the receiving adopt the piezoelectric sensor, thus being more applicable to engineering actual situation, and realizing continuous on-line detection on the piece to be tested.

The invention relates to a method for using a plasma atomic emission spectrometer to measure impurities in high-purity gold, which comprises the following steps: weighing one unit of sample in a bunsen beaker, adding aqua regia to dissolve, replenishing hydrochloric acid deionized water to do constant volume to a scale after dissolving, respectively getting sample solution in more than two colorimetric tubes, solution in each tube is 15ml, adding gold standard solution which is mixed by elements according to a multiple relation in turn, doing constant volume by deionized water, starting the plasma atomic emission spectrometer, starting a circulating water pump, opening analytic control software, entering a 'standard addition method' control procedure, choosing a spectral line for measuring in a spectral line base, setting the concentration value of curved lines, scanning a whole band, sucking sample solution in each colorimetric tube in an instrument in turn according to the sequence that the concentration is from low to high, clicking a feeler switch to get an initial curve point of the point after sucking in each time, assuring curved lines, and leading the linear coefficient to be more than 0.99, outputting the concentration value result of each determined element, and calculating the result of the percentage content of each determined element according to the calculating formula.

A semiconductor-on-insulator structure including first and second layers which are attached to one another either directly or through one or more intermediate layers. The first layer includes a substantially single crystal germanium semiconductor material while the second layer comprises a glass or a glass-ceramic material having a linear coefficient thermal of expansion (25-300° C.) which is within the range of + / −20×10−7 / ° C. of the linear coefficient thermal of expansion of the germanium first layer.

A method of manufacturing an electronic component-embedded board is provided which is capable of suppressing warpage without requiring complicated processes at low cost and which offers high productivity and economic efficiency. A worksheet 100 includes insulating layers 21 and 31 on one surface of an approximately rectangular substrate 11, and an electronic component 41 and a plate-like frame member (member) 51 embedded inside the insulating layer 21, wherein the plate-like frame member 51 satisfying the relationship represented by the following formula (1): α1<α3 and α2<α3 . . . (1), is mounted on an unmounted portion of the electronic component 41 on the substrate 11. In the formula, α1, α2 and α3 respectively denote the linear coefficients of thermal expansion (ppm / K) of the electronic component 41, the plate-like frame member 51, and the substrate 11, the respective wiring layers or the respective insulating layers.