513 results about "Environmental stability" patented technology

PCT No. PCT / JP98 / 00823 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 28, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 28, 1998 PCT Filed Feb. 27, 1998 PCT Pub. No. WO98 / 38660 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 3, 1998In a capacitor comprising a pair of electrodes and a dielectric substance intervening between the two electrodes, one of the electrodes is composed of sintered niobium nitride. Preferably, the dielectric substance is composed of niobium oxide and the electrode other than the electrode composed of sintered niobium nitride is composed of an ingredient selected from electrolytes, organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors. This capacitor has good environmental stability and good leak current characteristics.

The subject invention pertains to electrochromic polymers and polymer electrochromic devices. In a specific embodiment, two complementary polymers can be matched and incorporated into dual polymer electrochromic devices. The anodically coloring polymers in accordance with the subject invention can allow control over the color, brightness, and environmental stability of an electrochromic window. In addition, high device contrast ratios, high transmittance changes, and high luminance changes can be achieved, along with half-second switching times for full color change. Also provided are electrochromic devices such as advertising signage, video monitors, stadium scoreboards, computers, announcement boards, warning systems for cell phones, warning / information systems for automobiles, greeting cards, electrochromic windows, billboards, electronic books, and electrical wiring. The subject invention also provides for the use of complementary electrochromic polymers in the manufacture of electrochromic devices. In some embodiments, the devices of the invention can be prepared using metal vapor deposition or line patterning.

The present invention, in one aspect, is directed to methods for manufacturing solar or photovoltaic modules for better environmental stability. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to environmentally stable solar or photovoltaic modules. These method and apparatus use a moisture barrier film to form a moisture-resistant surface on the circuit, preferably on an illuminating surface of solar cells, or an entire side of a circuit formed of a plurality of solar cells that includes the illuminating surface of solar cells. In certain embodiments, the moisture-resistant film is applied conformally, and in other embodiments the moisture-resistant film is substantially transparent.

The invention discloses a large-scale preparation method of a transparent super-hydrophobic / super-amphiphobic coating. The method comprises the steps of ultrasonically dispersing nano particles into an alcohol-water mixed system and carrying out hydrolysis and condensation reaction on the nano particles and fluoride-free or fluorine-containing organosilane under the acid or alkali catalysis action to prepare a transparent suspension liquid of a fluoride-free or fluorine-containing organosilane polymer-nano particle compound; and applying the transparent suspension liquid of the compound on the surface of a substrate material through spraying or dip-coating to obtain the transparent super-hydrophobic / super-amphiphobic coating with good performance. Preparation of the transparent super-hydrophobic / super-amphiphobic coating of 10-100m<2> can be completed within an hour; large-scale preparation of the large-area transparent super-hydrophobic / super-amphiphobic coating is achieved for the first time; the preparation method is low in cost and simple in process; and the prepared coating has excellent super-hydrophobic or super-amphiphobic property, relatively good mechanical stability, chemical stability and environment stability, and has a wide application prospect.

Disclosed are compositions formed by a method for exchanging the water in an optionally substituted polythiophene dispersion with a specific mixture of organic solvents. The resulting compositions exhibit improved electrical conductivity, optical transparency, environmental stability, excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates and processing characteristics. Also disclosed are methods for making and using such compositions.

A method for improving the environmental stability of cathode materials used in lithium-based batteries. Most currently used cathode active materials are acutely sensitive to environmental conditions, e.g. leading to moisture and CO2 pickup, that cause problems for material handling especially during electrode preparation and to gassing during charge and discharge cycles. Binder materials used for making cathodes, such as PVDF and PTFE, are mixed with and / or coated on the cathode materials to improve the environmental sensitivity of the cathode materials.

The subject invention pertains to electrochromic polymers and polymer electrochromic devices. In a specific embodiment, two complementary polymers can be matched and incorporated into dual polymer electrochromic devices. The anodically coloring polymers in accordance with the subject invention can allow control over the color, brightness, and environmental stability of an electrochromic window. In addition, high device contrast ratios, high transmittance changes, and high luminance changes can be achieved, along with half-second switching times for full color change. Also provided are electrochromic devices such as advertising signage, video monitors, stadium scoreboards, computers, announcement boards, warning systems for cell phones, warning / information systems for automobiles, greeting cards, electrochromic windows, billboards, electronic books, and electrical wiring. The subject invention also provides for the use of complementary electrochromic polymers in the manufacture of electrochromic devices. In some embodiments, the devices of the invention can be prepared using metal vapor deposition or line patterning.

In a stacked display device with light-emitting units composed of organic layers and stacked together, the use of a stable material in at least a portion of a charge generation layer makes it possible to achieve improvements in environmental stability and also to attain an improvement in the efficiency of injection of charges from the charge generation layer into the light-emitting units. The display device can be readily fabricated. In a display device (11) provided with a plurality of light-emitting units (14-1)(14-2), each of which includes at least an organic light-emitting layer (14c), stacked together between a cathode (16) and an anode (13), and also with a charge generation layer (15) held between the respective light-emitting units (14-1)(14-2), at least a portion of the charge generation layer (15) is composed of an oxide or fluoride which contains at least one of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.

The present invention relates generally to electrolyte materials. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides for a solid polymer electrolyte material that is ionically conductive, mechanically robust, and can be formed into desirable shapes using conventional polymer processing methods. An exemplary polymer electrolyte material has an elastic modulus in excess of 1×106 Pa at 90 degrees C. and is characterized by an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10−5 Scm-1 at 90 degrees C. An exemplary material can be characterized by a two domain or three domain material system. An exemplary material can include material components made of diblock polymers or triblock polymers. Many uses are contemplated for the solid polymer electrolyte materials. For example, the present invention can be applied to improve Li-based batteries by means of enabling higher energy density, better thermal and environmental stability, lower rates of self-discharge, enhanced safety, lower manufacturing costs, and novel form factors.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite transparent conductive electrode based on a metal grid and a metal nano-wire. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a template solution; (2) manufacturing a sacrificial layer template; (3) depositing a metal thin film; (4) removing the sacrificial layer template; (5) synthesizing the metal nano-wire; and (6) coating the metal nano-wire to prepare the composite transparent conductive electrode. The composite transparent conductive electrode prepared by the method has excellent photoelectric property and environment stability; meanwhile, the electrode in a photoelectric device can be easily in contact with other functional layers; the preparation process is simple and the resource consumption is low; the composite transparent conductive electrode is a good substitute of a traditional metal oxide electrode, and the efficiency of a solar battery can be improved and the cost is reduced.

The invention relates to an acrylic layer (in the form of a coating, film or sheet) useful as part of a photovoltaic module backsheet. The acrylic layer contains at least 40 percent of one or more acrylic polymers, including an acrylic polymer matrix and optionally acrylic impact modifiers. The acrylic polymer is preferably a polymer, copolymer, or terpolymer containing at least 50 weight percent of methylmethacrylate monomer units. The acrylic layer is flexible and optionally contains high levels of white pigment. It may also contain fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride to improve weathering, processibility and film formation. The acrylic layer adheres to a polymer support layer such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A preferred substrate is PET that is pre-treated to improve adhesion, but unprimed PET can also be used. The backsheet provides excellent weatherability, environmental stability and reflectivity as part of a photovoltaic module.

A system and method for sensing ambient light. The system has a first sensor for measuring a first ambient light level and a second sensor for measuring a second ambient light level. A processor in communication with the first sensor and the second sensor is configured to determine a relative intensity change in the ambient light levels for each of the first and second sensors. The processor also determines an ambient stability probability in response to the relative intensity changes in order to generate first and second filtered ambient light levels which are used as ambient light measurements.

An infrared absorption filter which has absorption in the near-infrared region, manifests high light transmission in the visible region, and does not have large absorption of specific wavelength in the visible region, further, is excellent in environmental stability and durability and has little optical defect, the filter comprising an infrared absorption layer laminated at least on one surface of a transparent polymer film, wherein said transparent polymer film is a film comprising a polymer easy-adhesion layer laminated at least on one surface, said transparent polymer film contains substantially no particle, and said transparent polymer film contains foreign materials having a size of 20 mum or more in an amount of 10 / m2 or less per unit area of the film.

Disclosed are compositions formed by a method for exchanging the water in an optionally substituted polythiophene dispersion with a specific mixture of organic solvents. The resulting compositions exhibit improved electrical conductivity, optical transparency, environmental stability, excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates and processing characteristics. Also disclosed are methods for making and using such compositions.

The invention relates to a polydopamine-coated nanometer composite photothermal reagent and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of function materials. The method is simple to operate and two coating methods are provided: firstly, inorganic nanometer particles or the surface of an assembly of the inorganic nanometer particles are directly coated with a polydopamine shell layer through the oxidative polymerization character of a dopamine monomer; and secondly, nanometer particles are synthesized and coated by one step by utilizing the reducibility and the oxidative polymerization character of dopamine, so that the trouble of synthesizing the nanometer particles in advance is prevented, operation is more simple, and a synthesis method has better green environmental protection character. Proved by experiments, after the nanometer particles are coated with the polydopamine shell layer, the biocompatibility, the physiological environment stability and the photothermal stability of the nanometer particles are greatly improved; by introducing a hydroxyl functional group and an amino functional group, the condition of further modifying a biological targeting matter or a loaded medicine is supplied for the nanometer particles; and in addition, as the polydopamine has the photothermal character, the photothermal conversion efficiency of a material coated with the polydopamine shell layer is improved.

A flexible, vapor permeable, liquid impermeable composite fabric comprising a ultraviolet light stabilized and thermally stabilized microporous-formable polyolefin barrier layer extrusion laminated to an ultra-violet light stabilized and thermally stabilized polyolefin nonwoven fabric, the composite of which has been incrementally stretched to induce sufficient moisture vapor transmission characteristics while maintaining adequate resistance to water penetration, and methods of making the composite. This composite may be further laminated to one or more layers of either woven or nonwoven materials offering strength and environmental resistance characteristics sufficient for various outdoor applications including covers and building construction products. Embodiments of the above mentioned components have been shown to offer improved liquid resistance, environmental stability, and abrasion resistance as compared to existing commercially available materials.

A construct that comprises a base material and a polyhydroxyalkanoate, wherein at least a part of the base material is coated with the polyhydroxyalkanoate, and the polyhydroxyalkanoate comprises a 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid unit other than 3-hydroxypropionic acid unit, 3-hydroxy-n-butyric acid unit, and 3-hydroxy-n-valeric acid unit.In addition, an electrostatic charge image developing toner allows to design the toner characteristics such as chargeability, flowability, stability in time and environmental stability uniform among the toners of different colors. The toner has a small particle size enough for enabling uniform dispersion and being excellent in color saturation and transparency. The toner also shows higher contribution to the environmental security. The toner includes a coloring agent of which at least a part of the surface is covered with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). The toner is produced by dispersing the coloring agent in aqueous medium, then fixing PHA synthesizing enzyme to the coloring agent dispersed in the aqueous medium, then adding 3-hydroxyacyl CoA, and executing a PHA synthesizing reaction to cover at least a part of the surface of the coloring agent with PHA. The toner thus obtained is used for an image forming method.

A system and method for sensing ambient light. The system has a first sensor for measuring a first ambient light level and a second sensor for measuring a second ambient light level. A processor in communication with the first sensor and the second sensor is configured to determine a relative intensity change in the ambient light levels for each of the first and second sensors. The processor also determines an ambient stability probability in response to the relative intensity changes in order to generate first and second filtered ambient light levels which are used as ambient light measurements.

The invention relates to a thia-conjugated compound taking naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide as a kernel as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structure of the thia-conjugated compound is shown as the follow formula; in the formula, R is C1-C30 of n-alkyl or branch alkyl. Under the protection of inert gas, 2,3,6,7-tetrabromoaphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide reacts with 1,1-dicyano-2,2-dithiolate disodium salt in tetrahydrofuran respectively at room temperature and the temperature of 40-60 DEG C for 0.5-2 hours and 0.5-1 hour, a silicagel column is subjected to chromatography to obtain a target compound, and the production ratio is 50-62 percent; an organic thinner film field effect transistor prepared by a solution method and taking the compound as an organic semiconductor layer achieves highest electronic mobility up to 0.15 cm2 / Vs, switch ratio of larger than 107 and threshold voltage of lower than 15V, and the performance and environment stability thereof are superior to those of common n-shaped organic semiconductors.

An infrared absorption filter which has absorption in the near-infrared region, manifests high light transmission in the visible region, and does not have large absorption of specific wavelength in the visible region, further, is excellent in environmental stability and durability and has little optical defect, the filter comprising an infrared absorption layer laminated at least on one surface of a transparent polymer film, wherein said transparent polymer film is a film comprising a polymer easy adhesion layer laminated at least on one surface, said transparent polymer film contains substantially no particle, and said transparent polymer film contains foreign materials having a size of 20 mum or more in an amount of 10 / m2 or less per unit area of the film.

A toner is provided that exhibits a high long-term image stability even during high-speed printing and that also exhibits an excellent environmental stability. The toner comprises a binder resin, a colorant, and a nonionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an oxyethylene group (EO) and an oxypropylene group (PO) and has a ratio of the number of moles of the oxypropylene group to the number of moles of the oxyethylene group (PO / EO) of at least 0.01 and not more than 5.00; and when A (μg / g) is defined as a nonionic surfactant content on the surface of the toner that can be extracted by methanol from 1 g of the toner and B (m2 / g) is defined as a theoretical specific surface area determined from a toner particle diameter distribution obtained by a precision particle diameter distribution analyzer that operates based on an aperture electrical resistance method, a ratio A / B is at least 100 μg / m2 and not more than 9000 μg / m2.

The invention relates to a passive mode-locking ultrashort pulse all-fiber laser with a waveband of 2.0 microns and belongs to the field of a laser technology and nonlinear optics. The passive mode-locking ultrashort pulse all-fiber laser with the waveband of 2.0 microns mainly comprises a laser pumping source, a pumping combiner, thulium-doped or thulium-holmium-codoped rear earth doped fibers, a circulator, a saturable absorber, a laser beam splitter, an isolator, a fiber bragg grating, a polarization controller and the like. The thulium-doped or thulium-holmium-codoped rear earth doped fibers are used as a gain medium; the saturable absorber is used as a passive mode-locking device; and the output of an ultrashort laser pulse which is in the waveband of 2.0 microns and has high pulse energy is realized. Due to the adoption of the all-fiber structure design, the passive mode-locking ultrashort pulse all-fiber laser with the waveband of 2.0 microns has the advantages of simple structure, high environment stability and the like, and the industrialization application is easy to realize.

In an image forming apparatus having at least an amorphous silicon photosensitive member, a magnetic toner developing means and a color developer developing means, the magnetic toner has a weight-average particle diameter (D4) of from 4.0 μm to 10.0 μm and a ratio thereof to number-average particle diameter (D1), D4 / D1, of from 1.0 to 2.0, and the number of magnetic particles not passing through a mesh with an opening of 34 μm which are contained in the unit volume of the magnetic toner is from 3.5 to 105. This image forming apparatus can not easily cause faulty cleaning performance even in using the magnetic toner and the non-magnetic color toners in combination and has superior environmental stability and running stability even where toners made to have small particle diameter are used or process speed is high.

A toner is provided in which low-temperature fixing properties and high-temperature offset resistance can be compatible, and the environmental stability of image density can also be obtained.A toner obtained by condensation polymerization of an alcohol component containing not less than 70 mol % of an aliphatic polyalcohol with a carboxylic acid component, and including a polyester resin having a concentration of an ester group of not less than 25% by mass and not more than 55% by mass, anda compound represented by the following formula (1) as a charge-controlling agent:(wherein A1, A2, and A3 each independently represent H, a nitro group, or a halogen atom; B1 represents H or an alkyl group; M represents an Fe atom, a Cr atom, or an Al atom; X+ represents a H ion, an alkali metal ion, a NH4 ion, an alkylammonium ion, or mixed ions thereof.)

The invention discloses a preparation method of a super wetting titanium dioxide nanorod porous membrane and application of the super wetting titanium dioxide nanorod porous membrane to emulsion separation, and belongs to the technical field of function materials. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a PVP / TiO2 composite fiber membrane through an electrospinning technology, and drying the composite fiber membrane in a drying oven; laying the dried composite fiber membrane in a muffle furnace for calcining the composite fiber membrane for a certain period, removing organic carbon in the composite fiber membrane, calcining the composite fiber membrane to form an inorganic TiO2 fiber membrane, vertically laying the calcined inorganic TiO2 fiber membrane into a hydrothermal polymeric pecursor solution in a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, and performing a hydrothermal reaction, so as to obtain a super-hydrophilicity and underwater super-oleophobicity porous super wetting micro-nano composite structure membrane. The obtained membrane has high environmental stability, namely acid resistance, alkali resistance and salt resistance, and can be applied to sewage treatment in harsh acid and alkali salt environments, so that the efficient separation of a corrosive emulsion is realized, and e the application value is high. The preparation method is simple, and is convenient, efficient and rapid for emulsion separation.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-performance metallic network transparent conducting electrode through a metal plating method. The method includes the following steps: (1) a fracturing sacrificial layer template is prepared on a substrate; (2) a metallic conducting seed layer is deposited on the fracturing sacrificial layer template; (3) the fracturing sacrificial layer is removed to form a metallic conducting seed layer network; and (4) metal is continuously deposited on the metallic conducting seed layer through the metal plating method, a continuous metal network with the larger thickness and the lower resistance is formed, and therefore the high-performance metallic network transparent conducting electrode is prepared. The transparent conducting electrode is mainly obtained through the metal plating method, the metal plating method belongs to a chemical liquid phase method, the preparing process is simple, resource consumption is low, and the high-performance metallic network transparent conducting electrode is suitable for large-area continuous preparation. The prepared transparent conducting electrode has the extremely-low surface resistance and the better light transmittance; meanwhile, the mechanical property and the environmental stability are good, the transparent conducting electrode is a beneficial replacer of a traditional metallic oxide electrode, and it is expected that the method is used for industrialization of the large-area transparent conducting electrode.

The invention belongs to the field of application of a nano material, particularly relates to a preparation method of a silver nanowire-zinc oxide composite transparent electrode and aims to simplify process, reduce cost and obtain the silver nanowire-zinc oxide composite transparent electrode with excellent light transmission and electrical conductivity, high wear resistance and environmental stability. The invention adopts the following technical scheme: 1, an ultra long silver nanowire is prepared by an improved polyol reduction method; 2, the silver nanowire is processed by a post-processing process; 3, a silver nanowire transparent conductive film is prepared; 4, zinc oxide nano particles are filled. The preparation method has various advantages of simple process, high repeatability, easiness for operation and control and the like.

A transparent conductive film with a metal mesh embedded in a substrate and a method of fabrication thereof is provided. The metal mesh has a cap that is pressed and embedded in a substrate or a deformable material on a substrate, providing superior mechanical stability by mechanical interlocking. The embedding mechanism also provides superior chemical and environmental stability. A fabrication method is provided and includes a vacuum-free and low-cost process for large-volume manufacturing of the transparent conductive film with tunable performance.

The present invention is directed towards a hot melt wetness indicator composition based on an ethylene-alkylacrylate-acrylic acid terpolymer. The wetness indicator composition comprises the terpolymer, a tackifying resin, a compatible surfactant having a HLB value less than 20 and a pH indicator or a dye that is capable of changing color when insulted with urine, as the primary ingredients. One embodiment of the present invention is to provide a wetness indicator that has excellent heat and environmental stability, improved fastness, vivid color change, easy manufacturing, and easy application. Another embodiment is directed towards a composition having a delayed response and therefore can withstand multiple insults daily.

The invention discloses an MOF (metal organic frameworks)-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material, a method for preparing the same and application of the MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material. The MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material can be used as an adsorption material. MOF are calcined at the high temperatures to obtain the MOF-basedmagnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material. Carbon nano-tubes with large quantities of free N elements are generated on the surfaces of the MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material while the appearance of the MOF is reserved. The MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material, the method and the application have the advantages that the MOF are used as templates for the MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material which is a magnetic carbon material prepared by the aid of the method, and are directly calcined at the high temperatures to obtain the magnetic carbon material; the carbon material is high in environmental stability as compared with MOF adsorption materials, and pi-pi conjugation can be formed by the carbon material and targetobjects by the aid of strong conjugation surfaces of the carbon nano-tubes; the MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material is extremely high in magnetism as compared with commercialcarbon nano-tubes, and target object detection procedures can be simplified by the aid of MSPE (magnetic solid-phase extraction) methods; processes for preparing the MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-dopedcarbon nano-tube material are simple, and the MOF-based magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-tube material which is a magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon nano-material is high in magnetism and super-high inenvironmental stability, has large specific surface areas, can be specifically bound with the target objects and has an excellent application prospect in the field of detection on the content of microcystin in lake water and the like.