Solid electrolyte material manufacturable by polymer processing methods

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to electrolyte materials. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides for a solid polymer electrolyte material that is ionically conductive, mechanically robust, and can be formed into desirable shapes using conventional polymer processing methods. An exemplary polymer electrolyte material has an elastic modulus in excess of 1×106 Pa at 90 degrees C. and is characterized by an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10−5 Scm-1 at 90 degrees C. An exemplary material can be characterized by a two domain or three domain material system. An exemplary material can include material components made of diblock polymers or triblock polymers. Many uses are contemplated for the solid polymer electrolyte materials. For example, the present invention can be applied to improve Li-based batteries by means of enabling higher energy density, better thermal and environmental stability, lower rates of self-discharge, enhanced safety, lower manufacturing costs, and novel form factors.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60 / 988,085, filed Nov. 14, 2007, which is incorporated by reference herein. This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 225,934, filed Jun. 19, 2009, which is a national phase application of PCT Application Number PCT / US2007 / 008435, filed Apr. 3, 2007, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 744,243, filed Apr. 4, 2006 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 820,331, filed Jul. 25, 2006, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT[0002]The invention described and claimed herein was made in part utilizing funds supplied by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Government has certain rights in this invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]The present invention relates generally to electrolyte materials. More particularly, the...

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Benefits of technology

[0015]The present invention relates generally to electrolyte materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to solid polymer electrolyte materials that are ionically conductive, mechanically robust, and can be formed into desirable shapes using conventional polymer processing methods. Merely by way of illustration, an exemplary polymer electrolyte material has an elastic modulus in excess of 1×106 Pa at 25 degrees C. and is characterized by an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10−5 Scm−1 at 90 degrees C. Many uses are contemplated for the solid polymer electrolyte materials. By way of examples, the present invention can be applied to improve Li-based batteries by means of enabling higher energy density, better thermal and environmental stability, lower rates of self-discharge, enhanced safety, lower manufacturing costs, and novel form factors.

[0017]According to the embodiment, the material enables large-scale processing and production of an ionically conductive, yet mechanically stable electrolyte that may be used in lithium metal or lithium ion batteries. In lithium-based batteries the material can afford high thermal stability, low rates of self-discharge, stable operation over a wide range of environmental conditions, improved cycle life, enhanced safety, and / or higher energy densities as compared with conventional liquid-electrolytes.

[0019]According to a specific embodiment, the electrolyte is characterized by a two domain morphology and is made of linear diblock or triblock copolymers. An exemplary material contains conductive and structural phases in a morphology that leads to a mechanically unique and favorable bonding configuration to offer unique properties. According to an embodiment, the processibility of the material is improved through enhanced mechanical properties, such as increased yield strain and increased impact strength.

[0020]According to an embodiment, the electrolyte is characterized by a three-domain morphology and is made of linear triblock copolymers. An exemplary material system includes two primary phases forming a conductive and a structural domain and an additional third disparate polymer material forming a third domain. According to an embodiment, the third domain helps to improve the processibility of the materials by enhancing the mechanical properties, such as increasing yield strain and increasing impact strength and toughness of the material. According to the embodiment, a third domain also serves to impede the formation of crystalline phases in the conductive domain, enhancing the conductivity properties of the material.

[0023]According to an embodiment, a third polymer block making up a third domain is a rubbery polymer. A rubbery polymer can increase the toughness of the block copolymer, making it less brittle or friable. The third polymer block can be a polysiloxane, such as polydimethylsiloxane. The third polymer block can also be a polyacrylate, such as poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), polydecyl methacrylate, or polylauryl methacrylate. The third polymer block can also be a polydiene, such as polyisoprene and polybutadiene.

Problems solved by technology

Despite their many advantages, the adoption of polymer electrolytes has been curbed by the inability to develop an electrolyte that exhibits both high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.

This difficulty arises because high ionic conductivity, according to standard mechanisms, calls for high polymer chain mobility.

The crystalline structure generally restricts chain mobility, reducing conductivity.

However, the increased conductivity comes at a cost in terms of deterioration of the material's mechanical properties.

In general, attempts to stiffen PEO, such as through addition of hard colloidal particles, increasing molecular weight, or cross-linking, have been found to also cause reduced ionic conductivity.

Similarly, attempts to increase the conductivity of PEO, such as through addition of low molecular weight plasticizers, have led deterioration of mechanical properties.

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