The invention relates to a biomass carbonization device, which mainly includes: a combustion chamber, a feed transmission belt, a biomass stock bin, a flash dryer, a flue gas outlet, a heat pipe air preheater, a hollow screw shaft with a heat accumulator, an upper sleeve, a lower sleeve, a biomass charcoal transmission belt, a pipeline, a spraying settling chamber, an oil separation pool, a carbonization chamber and auxiliary equipment. The device can realize comprehensive utilization of biomass carbonization products, and can realize co-production of biomass charcoal and bio-oil. At the same time, by adopting a circulating heat exchanger repeatedly, the emptied gas can have a low temperature, and the energy loss can be substantially reduced. The design of the hollow screw shaft with the heat accumulator realizes staged carbonization and combustion, thus improving the carbonization efficiency. The biomass carbonization device provided in the invention has the advantages of little pollution, high carbonization efficiency, good production environment, etc., and can achieve automated control. The biomass carbonization device is applicable to carbonization of straws, rice husks, sawdust, peanut shells and other biomass, and is suitable for rural families.