The invention discloses an ecological breeding method for efficient polyculture of river crabs, freshwater shrimps and pseudorasbora parva. The method comprises preparing conditions of a pond, constructing escape-preventing facilities, airing and sterilizing the bottom of the pond, applying fertilizer to the pond, planting water plants, putting in snails, putting in fingerlings, regulating and controlling water quality, throwing in feed and the like. According to the ecological breeding method, the situation that siniperca chuatsi feed on freshwater shrimps in the breeding mode of shrimps, crabs and siniperca chuatsi in the past is avoided, so that the output of the freshwater shrimps is increased greatly, and the recapture rate of the freshwater shrimps is high; the pseudorasbora parva play a role as a scavenger by feeding on residual feed, so that water quality pollution is reduced greatly, water quality is improved, and the growth of river crabs, freshwater shrimps and pseudorasbora parva is boosted. According to the ecological breeding method, the output and quality of river crabs, freshwater shrimps and pseudorasbora parva are improved remarkably, death rate is lowered, feed waste is reduced, breeding cost is lowered, breeding benefit is improved, income of fishermen is increased, and efficiency improvement of the fishery industry is realized.