34results about How to "High reference value" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding cabinet testing, in particular to a dynamic performance testing device and method for an electromagnetic shielding cabinet, and the device comprises an environment testing cabin which is used for placing a to-be-tested cabinet and providing a controlled electromagnetic background environment; the dynamic load simulation system is mechanically connected with the to-be-tested cabinet and is used for applying physical excitation with preset strength to the to-be-tested cabinet so as to simulate structural deformation of the to-be-tested cabinet in a working state; and the signal transmitting system comprises a transmitting antenna arranged outside the to-be-tested cabinet and is used for generating an electromagnetic signal covering a preset frequency band. The dynamic load simulation system simulates vibration, cabinet door opening and closing and other actual dynamic working conditions, the temperature and humidity adjusting module is combined to simulate different climatic environments, meanwhile, the high-speed synchronous triggering module is used for achieving high-precision synchronization of dynamic load applying, electromagnetic signal transmitting and data collecting, multi-working-condition collaborative simulation and precise synchronous testing are achieved, and the testing efficiency is improved. And the authenticity and the reference value of a test result are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a high-speed heavy-load working condition bearing dynamic stiffness testing device and testing method, and relates to the field of bearing testing. The invention solves the problems that the existing bearing dynamic stiffness test technology and equipment only can load in a single direction, cannot simulate axial and radial composite loading, depends on contact transmission, is insufficient in heavy load bearing, lacks system vibration error suppression measures, and is poor in reliability. And the high-precision test requirement of the independent rolling bearing under the high-speed heavy-load composite working condition is difficult to meet. A shafting supporting module is arranged on the upper portion of a test bench support, a measuring module is located over the shafting supporting module, an axial loading module and a radial loading module apply axial force and radial force to a tested bearing respectively, and a driving module drives a supporting shaft and an inner ring of the tested bearing to rotate. Axial and radial composite loading under the high-speed heavy-load working condition can be achieved, axial and radial displacement can be monitored synchronously, system errors are reduced, and high-precision measurement of the dynamic stiffness of the bearing is achieved.

The utility model discloses a wind tunnel rack, and relates to the technical field of automobile part test and aerodynamic measurement. The device comprises an air pipe, a conical cover is fixedly arranged at one end of the air pipe, a pipe head is fixedly arranged at the other end of the air pipe, an air supply assembly is arranged at one end of the conical cover, and testing assemblies are arranged on the air pipe and the pipe head. The air supply assembly comprises an air blower; an air valve is assembled at an air suction opening of the air blower; according to the utility model, the whole device is composed of the fan module, the control module, the sensor module, the air duct system and the test cavity, and all the modules are connected through standard interfaces, so that rapid assembly, disassembly and maintenance are facilitated, and the device is suitable for multi-scene deployment; the rotating speed of the air blower is accurately adjusted through the frequency converter, and a full-range speed wind field from low speed to high speed can be simulated in combination with a pressure difference conversion algorithm, so that the test is closer to the actual driving working condition, and the reference value of data engineering is improved.

The application relates to an FPGA prototype verification method and system of a smart meter chip, and belongs to the field of integrated circuit testing and electric power metering. The method aims to solve the problems of ASIC design transplantation to an FPGA platform, large difference between a verification environment and a real power grid, and lack of a real-time closed-loop verification mechanism. A technical scheme efficiently transplants the design to the FPGA by optimizing ASIC front-end synthesis constraints and adopting a netlist-level IP replacement strategy; a hardware-in-the-loop system is constructed, which comprises a real power grid signal source, a separation device simulation front end, an FPGA verification board, a high-precision standard electric energy meter and a host computer. The system can generate a real power grid excitation and realize synchronous collection of prototype output and the standard meter, real-time error analysis and dynamic adjustment of parameters, thereby forming a closed-loop verification. The application significantly improves code transplantation efficiency, provides a highly consistent real power grid verification environment, and greatly improves verification iteration and defect positioning speed.

The utility model relates to plasterboard moisture deflection detection technical field, specifically disclose a kind of plasterboard moisture deflection detection test device, including the test box of the box door being arranged in outer wall, the bottom end parallel of the inside of test box is provided with two support beams, the inside of test box is provided with deflection detection structure;The deflection detection structure includes the crossbeam being arranged in the top of two support beams, fixedly connected in the bottom end of test box inner wall, and respectively located the column of two support beams both sides, the both sides of crossbeam are slidably connected with column, and three non-contact displacement sensors are installed in the bottom end of crossbeam, by simulating the condition of plasterboard in moisture environment, combined with non-contact displacement sensor carries out multipoint deflection measurement, can comprehensively, accurately assess the deformation characteristics of plasterboard. Overall structure is simple and reliable, can realize automatic monitoring, improve detection efficiency and the reliability of data.

The application discloses a kind of based on machine learning's intellectual property precision retrieval analysis method, it is related to artificial intelligence and information retrieval technical field, including: generating semantic vector and dimension spectrum vector to document library literature and query literature respectively;Recall candidate literature based on semantic vector and calculate semantic similarity;Based on dimension spectrum vector, calculate dimension spectrum distance, and determine the intensity of deviation of dimension semantics in combination with semantic similarity;Based on the statistical distribution of deviation intensity, calculate inhibition coefficient, calculate ranking score in combination with semantic similarity and deviation intensity and output result.The application can improve the precision and technical matching of retrieval result.

The application discloses a multi-source clinical data aided decision method and system for childhood leukemia, and belongs to the field of medical informatization, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a clinical data set for representing disease characteristics, treatment characteristics and physiological characteristics of a target object; performing similarity retrieval in a case database based on the clinical data set to obtain a comparable case set of the target object; and generating medication aided information for the target object based on the clinical data set and the comparable case set. The application realizes fine support for the medication aided decision process of childhood leukemia, improves the accuracy of comparable case screening, enhances the reliability of medication aided information, and reduces decision deviation caused by insufficient data utilization.

The invention provides a cash flow processing method and device, computer equipment and a readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of computers. The method comprises the following steps: screening multi-dimensional transaction related data, and configuring an advanced repayment customer behavior model corresponding to an advanced repayment matching rule conforming to the multi-dimensional transaction related data as a target advanced repayment customer behavior model matched with transaction flow data; based on the target advanced repayment customer behavior model, obtaining an advanced repayment period number and an advanced repayment configuration value; different types of cash time axes are generated based on the transaction flow data, and the different types of cash time axes are combined to form a combined time axis; a cash flow amount is calculated based on the advanced repayment period number, the advanced repayment configuration value, and the merge time axis.

This invention relates to the field of data analysis technology, specifically to an intelligent analysis method and system for pile foundation vibration monitoring data. The method includes: acquiring a current vibration subsequence and a sample vibration subsequence; acquiring the energy intensity characteristic value and main frequency characteristic value of the vibration subsequence; obtaining a reference subsequence set corresponding to the current vibration subsequence based on the difference in influence data between the current vibration subsequence and the sample vibration subsequence; obtaining the relative amplitude anomaly index value and the relative frequency anomaly index value of the current vibration subsequence based on the characteristic value difference, time distance, and difference in influence data between the current vibration subsequence and the reference subsequences in the reference subsequence set; and performing pile foundation vibration anomaly early warning based on the relative amplitude anomaly index value and the relative frequency anomaly index value of the current vibration subsequence. Furthermore, this invention can improve the accuracy and reliability of pile foundation vibration anomaly early warning.

The embodiment of the utility model relates to the technical field of detection devices, and discloses a detection device for a frameless motor, and the detection device comprises a bottom plate and a first installation seat which is detachably connected to the bottom plate. The fixing seat is detachably connected to the bottom plate; the sleeve is arranged in the fixed seat in a penetrating manner and is used for mounting a stator of the frameless motor; the rotating shaft penetrates through the sleeve, is rotationally connected with the first mounting seat and is used for mounting a rotor of the frameless motor; when the frameless motor is connected with the sleeve and the rotating shaft, the stator and the rotor are in a coupled state, and the rotor is driven by the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft. Through the cooperation of the fixed seat, the sleeve and the rotating shaft, the stator and the rotor of the frameless motor can be accurately installed and fixed at specific positions, and the stability of the frameless motor in the detection process is ensured, so that the detection reliability is improved; the real working condition of the frameless motor is simulated, and the connection firmness between the rotor and the rotating shaft and the connection firmness between the stator and the sleeve are tested after fatigue use for a certain time and a certain number of times.

The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic output information generation method and device, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that meteorological factors are screened based on correlation analysis, a comprehensive meteorological factor curve is generated through dimensionality reduction, and a photovoltaic output curve is synchronously generated. Five types of results of cloudy days, cloudy days, sunny days, sunny-to-cloudy days and multi-cloud-to-sunny days are extracted through three-stage clustering, an error distribution estimation model is constructed based on historical data of each scene, a classification historical data set is used for training a Bayesian neural network, an integrated model is constructed, a path is matched according to input data, and an error distribution estimation model is constructed; and inputting the generated comprehensive curve into an integration and error model, and outputting a photovoltaic daily output curve with a confidence interval as final information. Refining input with high reference value is provided for time sequence production simulation, and the refinement degree and the uncertainty quantification capability of output prediction are improved.

The invention discloses an NO2 gas sensing material, an NO2 gas sensor and a preparation method and application of the NO2 gas sensing material and the NO2 gas sensor. The NO2 gas sensing material is a semiconductor substrate material doped with variable-valence metal elements; the material of the semiconductor substrate is BiOX, and the element X is at least one of Cl, Br and I; the variable-valence metal element is a variable-valence transition metal element. The invention provides a design and preparation method of a gas sensor capable of rapidly detecting NO2 at room temperature. The method can realize reversible detection of NO2 at room temperature.

The utility model relates to a headrest cavity connecting tensioning structure, include: the headrest cavity surface protection assembly of cladding on foam assembly, headrest cavity surface protection assembly includes: surface protection assembly and the headrest cavity tensioning structure of sewing in the inside of surface protection assembly, headrest cavity tensioning structure includes: by the headrest cavity side wall of middle piece, and the guide piece of both sides, support piece and bristle strip, headrest cavity side wall and support piece sewing connection form headrest cavity, the bristle strip is by the bristle strip hook surface of fixedly connected in the headrest connecting center position of foam assembly, and the bristle strip sticking surface of sewing in the inside of headrest cavity, headrest cavity is through bristle strip sticking surface and foam assembly's bristle hook surface bonding and tensioning, the utility model has the advantages that: through increasing headrest cavity tensioning structure cooperation bristle strip forms the novel reasonable fixing mode, has met the appearance requirement of user, and the positioning tensioning demand.

This invention relates to a quantitative method for ultrasonic disruption of *E. coli* cells, specifically a method based on firefly luciferase in *E. coli* cells. The method involves mixing *E. coli* expressing firefly luciferase as an internal standard with a suspension of target protein-expressing bacteria, followed by ultrasonic disruption of the cells. The degree of disruption of the target protein-expressing bacterial suspension is quantitatively calculated by measuring the activity of the firefly luciferase. The target protein-expressing bacterial suspension uses *E. coli* expressing the target protein. Compared with existing technologies, this invention overcomes the shortcomings of complex experiments, low efficiency, and unstable accuracy in existing technologies. It achieves efficient and highly accurate quantification of the degree of ultrasonic disruption of *E. coli* cells, reduces experimental complexity, and improves research and development efficiency and accuracy. This provides a scientific basis and new approach for the development of new feed protein resources and livestock breeding research, and has broad application potential.

This application provides a full-cycle management system for tunneling machine cutterhead hobs, comprising: a hob status tracking module for real-time tracking and recording of the position and mileage of each hob using a calibration-then-tracking method; a voice control module for obtaining the current measured wear value of the corresponding hob or controlling the rotation angle of the cutterhead based on voice information; a hob wear prediction module for real-time prediction of the current wear value of the hob based on a preset prediction model; an anomaly warning module for determining whether abnormal wear has occurred in the cutterhead hobs based on the wear value and issuing a timely warning when abnormal wear occurs; and a data processing and storage module for receiving and recording the data output from each module, and real-time matching and storing the hob data with surrounding rock parameters, tunneling parameters, and cutter maintenance status in a database. This application realizes full-cycle management of the cutterhead hobs from parameter acquisition, data processing and storage, wear prediction, anomaly alarms to auxiliary control for cutter inspection and replacement.

This utility model relates to the field of anti-icing coating testing technology, and provides an anti-icing coating testing device using rapid cooling with liquid carbon dioxide. The device includes an aluminum substrate, an aluminum vaporization grid, and a test sample. The test sample is positioned on the top of the aluminum substrate, and the aluminum vaporization grid is positioned on the bottom of the aluminum substrate. A liquid carbon dioxide inlet is located in the middle of the left side of the aluminum vaporization grid, and a carbon dioxide outlet is located in the middle of the right side of the aluminum vaporization grid. This utility model utilizes the principle of heat absorption during liquid carbon dioxide vaporization to rapidly reduce the temperature of the aluminum substrate in a short time, quickly simulating the icing / icing phenomenon under actual extreme low-temperature environments. Compared to traditional testing methods, this significantly shortens the testing cycle, allowing for rapid testing of the anti-icing coating performance, effectively improving testing efficiency, and saving considerable time and costs for research and development and production. Simultaneously, the realistic simulation of extreme environments enhances the practicality and reference value of the test results.

This application discloses a method, apparatus, device, and computer storage medium for testing a roadside sensing system. The method includes: acquiring first detection data and first cost data of the roadside sensing system under test, and acquiring second detection data for calibrating the roadside sensing system; calculating the first and second detection data to obtain a first index value corresponding to a preset first evaluation index, wherein the first evaluation index includes at least one of a data detection quality index of the roadside sensing system under test and a system performance test index; determining a second index value corresponding to a preset system cost index based on the first cost data and pre-acquired reference cost data; and determining the test result of the roadside sensing system under test based on the first and second index values. Based on this, the roadside sensing system can be tested from multiple aspects, obtaining comprehensive and accurate test results.

The application provides a kind of fast recovery diode operating reliability test method and system, it is related to circuit test technical field, the method comprises: fast recovery diode is set on experiment table, setting test environment parameter, and setting the frequency data of test power supply;Further setting test power supply, and the test voltage data of test resistance both ends is acquired, further determines reliability variation index, and determines reliability test result according to the reliability variation index of multiple test periods.According to the application, the test authenticity and accuracy can be improved by simulating complex working conditions through periodically changing test environment parameters, and the reference value of test results can be improved.Based on the dynamic adjustment of test environment, the workload of fast recovery diode is improved, and the test accuracy is improved.The reliability variation index of each test period can also be calculated to accurately know the performance change and reliability decline range of fast recovery diode, which provides an important basis for determining the reliability of fast recovery diode.

The invention discloses an underground cavern group vibration table test model manufacturing method considering a cavern group effect, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering model tests. The method comprises the steps of mold preparation, strength improvement, layered pouring and mold installation, and installation and mold removal of other caverns, wherein high-density foam is selected to manufacture a light hollow mold, a glass fiber reinforced plastic supporting joint is matched, and an epoxy resin protection layer is coated to enhance the strength; 8-12 mm layered pouring surrounding rock similar materials are adopted, a multi-cavern mold is synchronously and accurately installed, and the poured surface is subjected to dehairing treatment before installation; and during dismantling, the support joint is taken firstly, and the foam remover is cleaned after standing for 5-10 minutes. And the model is maintained for not less than 72 hours at the temperature of 18-25 DEG C and the humidity of not less than 90%, so that interaction among caverns can be really simulated, the problem that synchronous forming of multiple caverns is difficult in the prior art is solved, the model is accurate in positioning and high in forming quality, and a reliable test basis is provided for research on the anti-seismic property of underground engineering.

The invention provides a war game deduction method and device, belongs to the technical field of data processing, and aims to solve the problems that a current war game deduction result lacks reference value and is low in accuracy and reliability in practical application. Based on the first short-distance air support flying chess piece type of the first short-distance air support flying chess piece and the first interaction signal, performing battle condition investigation and deduction on the first war chess board by adopting a preset investigation and deduction rule to obtain a first investigation and deduction result, and based on the first investigation and deduction result, the first short-distance air support flight chess piece type and the first interaction signal, carrying out combat deduction by adopting a preset combat deduction rule to obtain a first war game combat deduction result, so that the war game deduction result can better conform to the actual combat condition, and the experience of the user is improved. The reference value of war game deduction in practical application can be improved to a certain extent, and the accuracy and reliability of a war game deduction result are improved.

The utility model discloses a multidirectional adjustable gear shifting handle universal fixing support used for an MT test, and belongs to the technical field of automobile transmission rack tests. The transition plate is provided with two symmetrically-arranged first through holes, two symmetrically-arranged second through holes and four first kidney-shaped holes, the two adjusting mechanisms are installed on the two side faces of the transition plate respectively, and each adjusting mechanism is detachably connected with the corresponding first through hole and the corresponding second through hole. The longitudinal rails in the two adjusting mechanisms are symmetrically arranged, the rotating discs in the two adjusting mechanisms are arranged in a front-back staggered mode, and the four first kidney-shaped holes are detachably connected with the fixing mechanism. The gear shifting handle fixing and adjusting device has the remarkable advantages of improving adaptability, flexibility, test efficiency, stability and reliability, reducing cost and the like, and an efficient and reliable solution is provided for fixing and adjusting the gear shifting handle in an MT test.

This invention discloses a landmark estimation-guided method for predicting orthodontic facial features, comprising: collecting and detecting landmarks in pre- and post-orthodontic facial image pairs to construct a landmark image dataset; training a landmark prediction network using the landmark image dataset; training an image generation network using the landmark coordinates predicted by the landmark prediction network and the pre- and post-orthodontic facial images; and predicting and outputting the corresponding post-orthodontic facial image using the landmark prediction network and the image generation network sequentially for the pre-orthodontic facial image to be predicted. This invention's method can generate more accurate images while preserving the patient's identity characteristics, providing a reference for doctors and patients during treatment.

This utility model relates to a rear seat belt lock head support structure, comprising: a rear seat cushion foam assembly and a rear seat cushion cover assembly. The rear seat cushion foam assembly has an clearance groove on surface A, and a clamping hole is formed on surface B corresponding to the clearance groove. A fixing steel wire is embedded in the clamping hole. The lock head fixing cover of the rear seat cushion cover assembly passes through the clearance groove and is fixed to the fixing steel wire in the clamping hole via a C-ring. The advantage of this utility model is that it enables a stable and reliable connection between the seat belt lock head on the lock head fixing cover.

The application discloses an open-architecture multi-source fusion navigation system integration system and method, relates to the technical field of multi-source fusion navigation, and can cover multi-source fusion navigation system design and testing on a single digital twin platform, and when different digital twin platforms are deployed on different terminals, better interactivity can be realized. The system comprises a signal generation terminal and an algorithm test terminal. The signal generation terminal is used for building a digital twin platform to complete the building of a test virtual scene, and comprises a carrier library module, a scene library module and a sensor library module. The algorithm test terminal comprises a data processing module, a disturbance library module, an algorithm library module and a visualization module. The open-architecture multi-source fusion navigation system integration system is adopted, and the integration method specifically comprises a signal generation terminal integration method, an algorithm test terminal integration method and a cross-terminal joint simulation test integration method.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation station construction progress early warning method and system based on a high-resolution remote sensing image, and relates to the technical field of remote sensing and geographic information. A high-resolution satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle cooperatively collect images, and a multi-task convolutional neural network synchronously executes semantic segmentation and target detection to extract a construction area coverage rate and equipment installation state features; fusing macroscopic attributes and spatial features, screening high-similarity historical items by using weighted cosine similarity to generate weighted historical progress data, dynamically adjusting data weights based on an exponential decay function, inputting the data into a double-LSTM network to construct a time sequence prediction model, and performing iterative updating; and generating multi-dimensional progress information and resource allocation suggestions, comparing real-time and predicted progress detection deviations, and associating historical data to trace reasons to generate early warning. According to the method, the full-cycle progress is accurately predicted, the small ground feature recognition precision is improved, the resource allocation response is accelerated, the construction period deviation is reduced by 15%-20%, and decision support is provided for early intervention.

This invention discloses a large-tonnage pile foundation testing machine, comprising a base assembly and a hammer assembly. The base assembly includes a base mechanism and a force transmission mechanism, with the force transmission mechanism movably disposed within the base mechanism. The hammer assembly includes a drop hammer frame mechanism and a lifting mechanism. The core of this invention is a modular structure consisting of a base assembly and a hammer assembly. The frame and the base of the base mechanism are detachably connected. The positioning blocks of the base and the positioning holes of the frame form a precise fit, enabling rapid pre-positioning of both. The matching locking mechanism ensures a secure connection between the frame and the base. The disassembly and assembly process requires no complex procedures, and the equipment can be moved flexibly and conveniently. This structure allows for individual adjustment of each assembly component according to testing needs, adapting to the working space and testing requirements of different construction sites, significantly improving the efficiency of multi-point testing at construction sites.

The present application relates to the technical field of pump shell material strength test, and discloses a pump shell compression resistance detection device and a detection method, which comprises a pipe base, the outer wall of the top end of the pipe base extends outward to form a ring disc, a plurality of guide grooves are arranged at the top end of the ring disc, a sliding block is slidably arranged in the guide groove through a guide rail, a pressing block is arranged at the top end of the sliding block, and an arc pressing piece is arranged at the output end of the pressing block; a micro deformation detection mechanism is arranged between the pressing block and the arc pressing piece and is used for detecting the micro deformation of the outer surface of the pump shell; a reset mechanism is used for automatically resetting the sliding block after the pump shell compression resistance detection is completed; and a traction mechanism converts the axial driving force along the pipe base into radial traction of the ring disc. The present application realizes synchronous radial pressure on the outer surface of the pump shell at multiple points, realizes synchronous radial loading and real-time dynamic monitoring of the micro deformation of the outer surface of the pump shell during the compression resistance loading process, and improves the accuracy of the compression resistance detection.

The application provides a kind of social governance auxiliary decision-making method and system, it is related to governance auxiliary decision-making technical field, specific steps include: suspected illegal building clues are verified and legality is judged by three levels, determine to be demolished illegal building;Collect multiple related parameters of to-be-demolished illegal building, calculate comprehensive score in combination with surrounding pedestrian density and gas pipeline distance and predict processing period;Based on feature vector, calculate the comprehensive similarity of historical illegal building and to-be-demolished illegal building, combined with processing period adaptability, screen reference case group;The department synergy efficiency, mass satisfaction and cost level of reference case group are weighted and calculated to form a comprehensive score, select the optimal case and reuse its disposal experience to form a decision-making scheme.The application introduces the time sensitivity analysis of illegal building disposal period, adds the deviation constraint of historical illegal building disposal period and to-be-demolished illegal building disposal period, to ensure that the historical reference cases selected are highly consistent with to-be-demolished illegal building in feature matching degree and disposal period adaptability.

The application discloses a mower performance testing device and relates to the technical field of testing devices, which comprises a mower positioning channel, wheel limiting frames are fixedly installed on the two sides of the top of the mower positioning channel, and a mower to be tested is parked on the surface of the mower positioning channel. The combination of a grass bundle circulating supply assembly, a front pre-pressing grass guiding assembly, a rebound grass supplementing assembly and a warping assembly enables the simulated grass bundle to sequentially experience multiple processing procedures, such as continuous conveying, pre-pressing, guiding combing, transverse rebounding, local disturbance and front end warping limiting, before entering the front of the cutterhead of the mower to be tested. Compared with a testing mode in which the grass bundle is directly sent into the cutting area in a natural upright or disordered state, the structure can make the grass bundle form a state closer to the pressed and inclined, locally rebounded and unevenly distributed state in actual mowing operation before testing, thereby improving the restoration degree of the testing environment to the real use working condition.

The present application belongs to the field of medical informatization and artificial intelligence technology, and particularly relates to a method and system for real-time prediction of the consumption of surgical anesthesia consumables. The present application incorporates environmental management factors such as real-time consumable inventory level, operating room scheduling saturation, and subsequent surgery linkage tightness into the secondary correction link, calculates the environmental correction coefficient to calibrate the preliminary prediction consumption, and automatically links the prediction results with the inventory and shelf life data to generate a high-value consumable priority allocation plan, a low-value consumable supply suggestion, and a near-expiration consumable priority use prompt. This mechanism breaks down the information barrier between clinical prediction and management decision-making, enabling active planning and closed-loop linkage of consumable scheduling. At the same time, the fixed period is used to update the reference consumption lookup table and optimize the environmental correction coefficient with the newly added complete surgery data, effectively solving the problem of model performance degradation caused by surgical technology iteration and clinical pathway optimization.