48 results about "Abnormal discharge" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of power system state monitoring, and discloses an insulator defect detection method and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the leakage current of an insulator, and constructing a polarity conduction screening model through power frequency phase information, so as to generate a composite current sequence which highlights the polarization attribute of an interface; analyzing the nonlinear degree of the attenuation rate of the sequence drifting along with evolution time in a multi-stage diffusion evolution time domain, and generating an interface electrochemical mass transfer composite index; utilizing the index to invert and construct an interface polarization background reference and stripping the interface polarization background reference from the composite current sequence so as to extract an abnormal discharge pulse residual error; and finally, quantizing the pulse form distortion degree of the residual error, and performing suppression normalization operation on the distortion degree by using the index to output a judgment result. According to the invention, the interference of the interface mass transfer process is effectively eliminated, and the specific detection of the pollution flashover hidden danger is realized.

The invention relates to a rapid arc fault detection device and method for a photovoltaic power station. The device comprises a power station data acquisition module for acquiring circuit topology data and electric signals; the arc fault identification module is used for identifying an arc fault; the fault area positioning module is used for comparing and analyzing the electric signals according to circuit topology data and positioning an arc fault area; the abnormal discharge mode extraction module is used for extracting an abnormal discharge mode in allusion to the arc fault area and in combination with the electric signal; the fault evolution path determination module is used for determining a potential fault evolution path based on the abnormal discharge mode; and the arc fault alarm module is used for integrating the abnormal discharge mode and the potential fault evolution path and generating an arc fault alarm. By adopting the device, rapid identification, positioning and early warning of arc faults can be realized through cooperation of multiple modules, and the safety and reliability of a photovoltaic power station are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment state monitoring, and discloses a switch cabinet partial discharge detection method, which comprises the following steps: synchronously collecting multi-source heterogeneous signals generated by partial discharge through a multi-sensor array, and carrying out preprocessing and feature extraction to obtain a multi-modal feature vector; inputting the multi-modal feature vector into a recognition and evaluation model for automatic recognition of discharge types, evaluation of discharge severity and sensing of abnormal discharge; real-time analysis and fusion decision making are carried out on an abnormal sensing result, a recognition result and an evaluation result through a collaborative architecture of edge computing nodes and a cloud platform; wherein the edge computing node utilizes a lightweight real-time sensing module to execute real-time abnormal discharge sensing and triggers local early warning when sensing abnormity, and the cloud platform utilizes a depth evaluation module to execute comprehensive state evaluation, recognition and long-term prediction. According to the invention, the limitation of a single detection method is overcome through multi-sensor synchronous acquisition and in combination with a D-S evidence theory information fusion method.

This utility model relates to the technical field of safety protection devices for partial discharge testing, and more particularly to a safety protection device for partial discharge testing, including a fixed base frame. A connecting mechanism is provided at the top of the fixed base frame, and the connecting mechanism includes a driving component located at the top of the fixed base frame. The driving component is connected to an adjusting component, and a protective component is provided in the middle section of the fixed base frame. The combination of a fixed base, adjusting screw, and measuring scale measures the relevant dimensions of the testing equipment, providing data support for the adjusting component. Hooks on the insulating frame facilitate the suspension and fixing of auxiliary equipment, optimizing the testing operation process. Conductive springs at both ends of the inner wall of the insulating box can quickly conduct current to the ground in case of abnormal discharge or leakage during the test, effectively preventing electric shock to operators and equipment damage, achieving overload protection, and comprehensively ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment during the test, solving the problem of inadequate traditional safety protection measures.

The application relates to a coating carrier plate and a coating device. The coating carrier plate comprises a carrier plate body and a conductive structure. The conductive structure comprises a first conductor and a second conductor. The first conductor is protruded on the carrier plate body along a first direction. The second conductor is electrically connected to the first conductor and extends along at least one direction intersecting the first direction. The first conductor is protruded on the carrier plate body along the first direction. Due to the tip effect, the electric charges accumulated on the carrier plate preferentially gather to the tip of the protruded first conductor. The electric field intensity of the tip part is higher, and the electric charges distributed everywhere can be more efficiently captured, the state of the disordered gathering of the electric charges is changed, the random accumulation of the electric charges on the carrier plate is avoided, and the risk of abnormal discharge is reduced. After the electric charges gather to the tip of the first conductor, the second conductor can provide a discharge path for the gathered electric charges due to the good conductivity of the second conductor, so that the accumulated negative electric charges can be drained along the second conductor, and the abnormal discharge caused by the more and more accumulated electric charges is prevented.

The utility model provides a battery monomer, a battery device, electric equipment and an energy storage device, and belongs to the field of batteries. The battery monomer comprises an electrode part and an adapter part, wherein the electrode part comprises two electrode assemblies which are stacked along a first direction; the switching component is used for electrically connecting the electrode terminal with the tab, the switching component comprises a first connecting part, two second connecting parts and two bending parts, the two second connecting parts are located on the two sides of the first connecting part in the first direction respectively, the second connecting parts are connected with the first connecting part through the bending parts, the first connecting part is connected with the electrode terminal, and the second connecting part is connected with the tab. The two second connecting parts are in one-to-one correspondence with the tabs of the two electrode assemblies and are connected with the tabs; the adapter component further comprises a reinforcing part, the reinforcing part is connected with the bending part, and the reinforcing part can resist deformation of the bending part, so that the deformation degree of the bending part is reduced. Therefore, the risk of abnormal discharge or short circuit in the single battery caused by the deformation of the switching component can be reduced.

The invention discloses a plasma etching chamber, a cleaning method and semiconductor process equipment. The plasma etching chamber comprises a chamber body, a substrate table, a metal plate and an edge pressing piece. The edge pressing piece comprises a first end, the first end abuts against the side, away from the substrate table, of the metal plate, and the surface, extending along the side, away from the substrate table, of the first end is configured to be a first area. Wherein the metal plate is provided with an internal sputtering area and an insulating sputtering area surrounding the internal sputtering area, the internal sputtering area is used for providing cleaning particles for the inner wall of the chamber body under the excitation of plasma, and the first area is located in the insulating sputtering area; the insulating sputtering region is configured to inhibit formation of a conductive film in the first region of the blank holder during deposition of the cleaning particles. Cleaning can be completed on the premise that the vacuum cavity is not opened, and meanwhile the risk that a conductive film is formed on the edge of the edge pressing piece due to metal deposition, and then abnormal discharge is induced is eliminated.

This invention relates to a transformer core discharge detection device, comprising a base; a clamping assembly mounted on the base for detachably clamping and fixing the part to be detected to the transformer core; a power extraction component disposed on the clamping assembly for extracting an electrical signal from the part to be detected; a first discharge electrode electrically connected to the power extraction component; a second discharge electrode disposed opposite to the first discharge electrode, forming a detection gap between them; a recording medium disposed between the first and second discharge electrodes to leave a trace when an abnormal discharge occurs; a discharge detection unit electrically connected to the second discharge electrode to detect abnormal discharge and output a trigger signal; a conveying mechanism driving the recording medium to move; the conveying mechanism electrically connected to the discharge detection unit, responding to the trigger signal and driving the recording medium forward a predetermined distance. This invention has a simple structure, is easy to install, and can intuitively record abnormal discharge events.

Provided is a manufacturing method of an electrostatic chuck capable of preventing abnormal discharge, an electrostatic chuck, and a substrate processing apparatus. A manufacturing method of an electrostatic chuck includes: a step of preparing a first ceramic plate in which a first hole is formed; a step of preparing a second ceramic plate in which a second hole is formed, the second hole being formed at a position different from that of the first hole in a horizontal direction; a step of forming a slurry layer on the first ceramic plate or the second ceramic plate using a slurry, the slurry layer being formed with a flow path connecting the first hole and the second hole; a step of stacking the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate with the slurry layer interposed therebetween; and a step of joining the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate stacked with the slurry layer interposed therebetween.

The invention relates to an abnormal discharge current detection method and device for electric spark discharge machining, and is applied to the technical field of discharge machining. A direct current-direct current power supply module is adopted as a current detection core element, has a stable voltage output characteristic and is sensitive to current fluctuation response, and a traditional Hall sensor is replaced; the problem of high-precision detection of small current in a strong electromagnetic interference environment is successfully solved; on the basis of current rising edge characteristic differences of abnormal discharge and normal discharge, two key time points are selected for voltage comparison, abnormal states such as excessive arc, arc, short circuit and micro open circuit can be accurately distinguished, and missed judgment and misjudgment are avoided; a reference value lookup table corresponding to different peak currents is established through experimental calibration to adapt to various medium and finish machining parameter scenes; and the detection branch adopts the design of an isolation diode and a current-limiting resistor, and is matched with pulse-type intermittent measurement of a controlled switch tube, so that shunting interference on a main discharge loop is avoided, and the stability of the processing process is ensured.

This invention provides an optical laminate and its manufacturing method. The optical laminate can prevent abnormal discharge to the marking layer at display defect sites and marks defect sites with fewer steps and lower cost. An optical laminate is characterized in that it is an optical laminate formed by stacking a substrate and an optical functional layer, wherein the optical functional layer comprises an inorganic oxide or an inorganic nitride, and a marking layer is locally formed on the surface of the optical functional layer. The marking layer is made of a semiconductor material and has a reflectivity of 40% or more for light in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm.

The invention provides a capacitor abnormal discharge detection method and device, a storage medium and computer equipment, and relates to the technical field of capacitor state monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multiple paths of voltages and multiple paths of currents of a capacitor to be detected, and carrying out the pulse coding of each path of voltage and each path of current, and obtaining each path of pulse sequence; a spiking neural network is determined, the number of input channels of the spiking neural network is the same as the number of the pulse sequences, and the spiking neural network establishes a relation with the characteristic response of abnormal discharge by adopting a specific neuron group; and inputting each pulse sequence into the pulse neuron network to obtain the abnormal discharge type of the capacitor to be detected. Therefore, the adaptive learning capability of the complex pulse sequence can be realized, so that the health state of the capacitor can be accurately and comprehensively evaluated.

To provide a technique for suppressing occurrence of abnormal discharge in a through hole of an electrostatic chuck.SOLUTION: There is provided a plasma processing apparatus including a plasma processing chamber, a base disposed in the plasma processing chamber, and an electrostatic chuck. The electrostatic chuck includes a placing table, an electrostatic electrode, a bias electrode, an embedding member, and a conductive member. The mounting table includes an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a through hole penetrating the upper surface and the lower surface. The embedded member is disposed in the through hole and has a diameter smaller than a hole diameter of the through hole. The conductive member is spaced apart from the electrostatic electrode and the bias electrode within the mounting table. The conductive member includes a tubular portion surrounding the through hole, and a flange portion extending radially outward from an upper end of the tubular portion in parallel with the upper surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

The invention provides an electrode device, semiconductor process equipment and a voltage regulation and control method, the electrode device comprises an electrode piece and a voltage regulation and control device, the electrode piece is connected with a radio frequency device of the semiconductor process equipment, and the radio frequency device is used for feeding radio frequency into the electrode piece; the voltage regulation and control device comprises a measuring unit and a direct-current power supply; the measuring unit is used for measuring the direct-current bias voltage of the electrode piece; the direct-current power supply is electrically connected with the measuring unit and used for applying correction bias voltage opposite to the polarity of the direct-current bias voltage to the electrode piece according to the direct-current bias voltage. Abnormal discharge in a cavity of semiconductor process equipment is often caused by direct current bias voltage acting on an electrode piece. The measuring unit can measure the magnitude of the direct-current bias voltage and output the correction bias voltage with the polarity opposite to that of the direct-current bias voltage to the electrode piece, the numerical value of the direct-current bias voltage on the electrode piece is reduced, and then the risk of abnormal discharge caused by too high direct-current bias voltage is reduced.

The invention discloses an intelligent detection system and method for abnormal discharge of high-voltage equipment, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent power distribution, and the method comprises the steps: extracting macroscopic discharge characteristics from real-time multi-modal data, inputting the macroscopic discharge characteristics and operation scene information into a diagnosis decision model, and obtaining diagnosis opinions and confidence; if the confidence coefficient is greater than a first threshold value, taking the diagnosis opinion as a basic conclusion, otherwise, carrying out spatial spectrum estimation to extract a direction of arrival, taking the direction of arrival as a spatial constraint to unmix the signal, and obtaining a mixed physical signal waveform; matching the mixed physical signal waveform with high-voltage equipment in the three-dimensional topological model to determine a discharge source; and calculating a three-dimensional coordinate retrieval mapping knowledge domain of abnormal discharge by combining a three-dimensional topological model based on a mixed physical signal waveform arrival time difference and a direction of arrival obtained by a sensor array so as to deduce a fault propagation chain. According to the invention, multi-point discharge source detection can be realized, and the intelligent degree of a power distribution system is improved.

The application discloses an electrical fire monitoring and identifying method and system based on electrical load fluctuation, relates to the technical field of electrical fire monitoring and identifying, and comprises the following steps: collecting three-phase voltage and current signals for preprocessing, generating instantaneous power fluctuation, and then performing energy conversion and frequency domain conversion to obtain power spectrum density for linear regression, generating a weighted coefficient for preliminary fluctuation state detection, and obtaining a detection result; based on the detection result, probability density estimation is performed, a numerical matrix is constructed, a concave function value is solved for iteration, an iteration result is output, combined parameters are calculated, a fluctuation dynamics equation is constructed for numerical integration solution, an envelope response value is output, and based on the envelope response value, binarization and Bernoulli entropy calculation are performed to obtain a smooth entropy value; the application can issue an early warning in the early stage of abnormal discharge or contact deterioration of the electrical load, and significantly improves the sensitivity and anti-interference ability of electrical fire monitoring.

The utility model discloses a hidden danger current sensor for power transmission line distributed fault current monitoring, which belongs to the technical field of current sensors and comprises a high-frequency broadband current sensor S1 and a first transmission line transformer B1. The output port is connected to the high-frequency broadband current sensor S1; the output end of the first transmission line transformer B1 is connected to an abnormal discharge traveling wave current signal interface JK1. The two ends of the sampling resistor R1 are connected to a power frequency current signal interface JK2. Acquiring an abnormal discharge traveling wave current signal of which the amplitude is as small as milliampere level and the bandwidth is 10KHz-14MHz or 50KHz-30MHz level from a JK1 port; a power frequency current signal with the amplitude reaching the KA level and a fault traveling wave current signal capable of being secondarily extracted are obtained from a JK2 port.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a semiconductor manufacturing device, a plasma treatment device, and an electrostatic chuck capable of suppressing abnormal discharge of an electrode. The present invention is provided with: a base (10); a placement member (13) that is equipped with a placement surface (15) on which an object to be placed is placed; and a first conductive layer (11) that is provided inside the placement member (13). A second conductive layer (12) formed from the base (10) or provided between the base (10) and the first conductive layer (11) is disposed along the placement surface (15) together with the first conductive layer (11). When the placement surface (15) is viewed in a plan view, the second conductive layer (12) overlaps a range that includes the first conductive layer (11), and the second conductive layer (12) includes a region not overlapping the first conductive layer (11).

The invention discloses a multi-nozzle three-dimensional printing method and system based on dynamic temperature control compensation, and the method comprises the steps: predicting the temperature state of a non-movable nozzle at a future moment through analyzing the thermal response characteristics of each nozzle and combining with an impending switching plan, and starting a stepped preheating program in advance when it is confirmed that the non-movable nozzle cannot be naturally maintained to a startable level; when a plurality of nozzles need to be intervened at the same time, a priority queue is established according to the switching urgency degree of the nozzles, heating resources are distributed in a time-division and sequence-division mode, and concurrency conflicts are avoided. In the whole process, the output intensity is dynamically adjusted based on real-time temperature feedback, and it is ensured that stable transition is achieved under the lowest energy consumption. The technical problem that the temperature is insufficient when a non-movable spray head is restarted due to long-time standing is effectively solved, the wake-up time of the spray head is remarkably shortened, the occurrence probability of abnormal discharging is reduced, the continuity and stability of spray head switching in the multi-material printing process are improved, and the printing efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, the heat energy utilization efficiency of the whole machine is optimized through on-demand compensation and a priority scheduling mechanism.

The utility model provides a photovoltaic PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) equipment carrier plate conductive mechanism, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic PVD manufacturing, and comprises a conductive base arranged on the side surface of a conveying mechanism and connected with a conductor to conduct electricity outwards; the bottoms of the supporting plates are connected with the conductive base, and the middle parts of the supporting plates are rotationally connected with a rotating shaft; the bottoms of the rotating plates are connected with the rotating shafts in a matched mode, and the tops of the rotating plates are rotationally connected with conductive wheels; the elastic reset mechanism is arranged on the rotating shaft, keeps the conductive wheel in a jacking state in a normal state, and is used for solving the problems that a film layer on a carrier plate is continuously increased after the carrier plate is produced for a long time, the conductive effect of the carrier plate becomes poor, electrons attached to the carrier plate cannot be timely led out, and the production efficiency is low after the carrier plate is conveyed through a conveying wheel in a cavity. And abnormal discharge of the chamber is inevitable.

The invention relates to the technical field of guiding devices, in particular to a wire guiding device and method based on micro-channel tungsten steel inlay die low-speed wire feeding machining. The wire guiding device comprises a machine table assembly, a driving assembly and a wire collecting assembly are installed on the inner side of the machine table assembly, a driven assembly is installed at the upper end of the machine table assembly, and a clamping assembly is installed at one end of the driven assembly; a mold assembly is installed on the inner side of the clamping assembly, the driven assembly comprises a shell plate, a sliding column is fixedly connected to the inner side of the shell plate, a column hole is formed in one end of the shell plate, an extending groove is formed in the middle of the shell plate, the clamping assembly comprises a driven block, a guide rod and a second spring are fixedly connected to the side face of the driven block, and a second slope groove is formed in the position, close to the lower portion, of the driven block. According to the device, the guiding function can be compensated and stabilized, the problems of electrode wire shaking and wire breaking caused by abrasion of a guiding part are solved, die ablation marks caused by abnormal discharge are avoided, and the machining precision and surface quality of a micro-channel are guaranteed.

A kind of 10kV AC voltage insulation shield protective cover and shielding method, belong to 10kV system AC voltage test field.The purpose of the present application is to solve the problem of abnormal discharge phenomenon when 10kV system AC voltage is carried out in the field at present.The discharge part of the insulating cover when 10kV system AC voltage occurs, conductive foam layer is attached to the inner wall of insulating layer, conductive foam layer contacts abnormal discharge part in the process of 10kV system AC voltage test, a wire hole is formed in the insulating cover, one end of the grounding wire is connected with the conductive foam layer, the other end of the grounding wire passes through the wire hole and is connected with the wire clamp outside the insulating cover;Fastening rope is arranged at the sealing portion of the insulating cover, for tightening the sealing portion of the insulating cover.It is used for preventing abnormal discharge in the process of 10kV system AC voltage test.

The present invention provides an ozone generation system that can detect abnormal discharge in a discharge tube when no short-circuit current flows through the discharge tube. [Solution] The ozone generation system comprises an ozone generator, a power supply, a camera, a memory unit, and a control unit. The ozone generator has a window. The camera can image the discharge of the discharge tube through the window. The memory unit stores a first image obtained by imaging the discharge of the discharge tube with the camera. The control unit generates a second image in which one or more colors are displayed in gradation according to the brightness of multiple regions in the first image, and the brightness is binarized with a predetermined value as the first threshold. The control unit detects that the proportion of regions in the second image whose density exceeds the first threshold is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, which is the second threshold, and determines that there is an abnormal discharge in the discharge tube. Based on the abnormal discharge determination result by the control unit, the ozone generation system either issues a warning to the operator or stops operation.

This invention relates to a backplate for a target assembly, specifically to the field of target materials. The backplate for the target assembly has an annular sealing groove surrounding its center on its surface. At least one venting groove is radially connected to the annular sealing groove. The venting groove includes a first groove connecting the annular sealing groove and the edge of the backplate, and a second groove connecting the annular sealing groove and extending towards the center of the backplate. The length of the second groove is less than the length of the first groove. The angle between the line connecting the center of the second groove and the center of the backplate and the line connecting the center of the first groove and the center of the backplate is an acute angle. The backplate for the target assembly provided by this invention, through the design of specific venting grooves, significantly reduces the probability of particles in the deposition chamber environment entering the sealing groove during venting, thereby reducing the occurrence of abnormal discharges during subsequent sputtering and ensuring the stable operation of the sputtering process.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment monitoring, and discloses a battery insulation abnormal discharge monitoring method based on a space electric field. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a joint baseline model by acquiring space electric field and temperature configuration information around a battery module; further extracting operation signals for correction and comparison, and generating a disturbance event list; carrying out time sequence and space feature analysis and stage judgment on the list, and generating a risk level record; and finally, matching a grading processing instruction according to the record and updating the baseline model to form a closed-loop control link. According to the invention, through multi-dimensional fusion of the space electric field and the temperature signal, early and accurate identification and graded early warning of battery insulation degradation and partial discharge risks are realized, and the operation safety and the state diagnosis capability of the energy storage system are significantly improved.

The application discloses an early fire smoke feature identification and early warning method, and relates to the early fire identification and early warning field.The method comprises the following steps: analyzing the charging pile branch current waveform, identifying the power-on and power-off events, recording the cooling duration, combining the current amplitude and the voltage amplitude to determine the branch cumulative damage, and determining the damage risk branch; collecting the high-frequency current waveform at the electrical connection node, capturing the number of abnormal discharge pulses and the discharge pulse amplitude distribution in a unit time, identifying the evolution trend of the increasing number of pulses and the refreshing historical maximum value of the discharge amplitude from multiple observations, and determining the contact deterioration area; cross-screening the damage risk branch and the contact deterioration area to obtain the early fire abnormal area, and extracting the temperature rise rate trigger grading early warning; starting from the physical deterioration mechanism of the charging pile electrical circuit, the early fire risk identification and early warning are realized.

A wafer heat treatment apparatus includes: a heat treatment plate; the plurality of conductive supporting columns are arranged on the heat treatment plate and used for placing a wafer to be treated, the wafer to be treated comprises a piezoelectric layer, an interdigital electrode structure located on the piezoelectric layer and a dielectric layer located on the interdigital electrode structure, and each conductive supporting column comprises a main body part and an end part located at the top of the main body part; the main body part is adjacent to the heat treatment plate, the end part is in a circular truncated cone shape, the end part is provided with an upper end face and a lower end face which are opposite, the lower end face is adjacent to the main body part, and the size of the upper end face is smaller than that of the lower end face, so that the abnormality that static electricity discharges through an interdigital electrode structure in a wafer to be treated is avoided; and possible mechanical damage of the conductive support columns to the surface of the to-be-processed wafer can be reduced.

The application discloses a power transmission line abnormal discharge fault point positioning method, comprising the following steps: S1, installing a high-frequency current transformer at a key node to collect a transient current signal during abnormal discharge at a frequency not lower than 1MHz and to carry out denoising and standardization preprocessing; S2, parallelly applying wavelet transform and Fourier transform, the wavelet transform extracts local detail features of the signal in the time-frequency domain, the Fourier transform obtains global frequency spectrum features of the signal, and the two are fused into a high-dimensional composite feature vector; S3, inputting the obtained feature vector into a pre-trained BP neural network to realize intelligent mapping from the features to the fault mode; S4, adopting an electromagnetic time reversal method, intercepting a fault initial traveling wave signal, reversing on a time axis, replaying in an accurate electromagnetic model of the line, calculating and scanning a spatial distribution function of electromagnetic energy along the line, and obtaining an accurate fault point; the application has the advantages of intelligent identification, high positioning precision and strong anti-interference performance.

This invention relates to the field of pollution source tracing technology in urban drainage pipe networks, specifically to a DAS-based system and method for tracing abnormal emissions from underground stormwater pipes. It utilizes optical sensing cables laid within the pipes as the sensing medium, combined with a DAS demodulator and edge computing units to achieve continuous sound field monitoring along the entire stormwater pipe line. Simultaneously, the tracing results are visualized through a cloud management platform. The method includes data acquisition, signal processing, feature extraction, event detection, and source tracing inference. Specifically, it combines multi-feature analysis and a symbolic directed graph (SDG) inference model, directly capturing the steady-state flow characteristics of emission dynamics through the orthogonality of physical features, achieving real-time identification and accurate source tracing of abnormal emissions. This invention transforms the source tracing problem into a one-time set topology operation with minimal computational overhead, which can be completed at the edge in milliseconds, resolving the contradiction between existing methods' difficulty in edge deployment and their disconnect from law enforcement response time.

This invention provides an optical laminate and its manufacturing method that prevent abnormal discharge of the marking layer on defective areas of a display and enable marking of defective areas with fewer steps and lower cost. The optical laminate of this invention is characterized by being formed by laminating a substrate and an optical functional layer, wherein the optical functional layer comprises an inorganic oxide or an inorganic nitride, and a marking layer is locally formed on the surface of the optical functional layer. The marking layer comprises a semiconductor material and has a reflectivity of 40% or more for light in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm.