Spur dike with multiple ecological functions

Abstract

The invention provides a spur dike with multiple ecological functions, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, the spur dike comprises a river channel, a branch dam is arranged in the river channel, a fishway is arranged on one side of the branch dam, and a plurality of rows of parallel ecological spur dikes are arranged on a bank slope on the same side of the downstream end of the fishway; the ecological spur dike is arranged in the range of the return water change line and comprises a dam root connected with the bank slope, a dam body is arranged on the side, away from the bank slope, of the dam root and evenly divided into a plurality of layers in the water flow height direction, each layer is arranged in a turning plate mode, and ecological matrixes are arranged on the surfaces of the turning plates. In the fish breeding period, the turnover structure is opened to form a migration channel, fishes are assisted in finding a proper migration route and a fishway inlet in the downstream river reach close to the fishway side, and the fish migration dam passing efficiency is improved; in the non-fish breeding period, the overturning structure is closed, the water blocking, water controlling and flow adjusting effects of the spur dike continue to be achieved, and the inhabiting conditions with rich and diversified water flow are provided for the fishes in the local space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, in particular to a spur dike with multiple ecological functions and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Spur dikes are common hydraulic structures in river regulation projects. Building spur dikes in rivers can significantly change the water flow structure around them. By constructing appropriate spur dike combinations on both sides of the river, the diversity of river flow velocity, flow direction and water depth can be increased, which can purify water quality, create biological habitats and restore the ecology.

[0003] The existing technology of groins in regulating water flow and protecting fish is relatively mature. For example, the patent "A water ecological groin for mountain rivers" with publication number CN205134269U includes a dam head, a dam body and a dam root. Diamond-shaped frames and brick layers are set on the water-facing and water-receiving surfaces. The brick layers are designed as hollow bricks with grooves at the bottom. The four walls of the hollow bricks are provided with multiple through holes. The groin weakens the disturbance of the dam head and blocks the undercurrent under the dam head, which is convenient for fish to build fish nests. Another example is the patent "A fish-attracting groin" with publication number CN207419370U, which places the fishway entrance below the end groin, sets the dam slopes on both sides of the groin as knots, and configures soil and plants, which improves the water flow conditions, attracts fish to inhabit, and improves the effect of attracting fish at the fishway entrance.

[0004] Key fish habitats usually include "three fields and one channel" such as spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds, and migration channels. Among the existing fish habitat transformation technologies, there are cases where the natural bottom of the downstream section of the fishway is preserved to improve the fish's ability to find the fishway entrance and migrate across the dam. For example, in the 2.6km long dredged river section under the dam of the Zhentou Dam Second Hydropower Station on the Dadu River in Sichuan, the original gravel bottom riverbed of no less than 10m from the right bank excavation starting point to the foot of the flood control embankment is preserved, providing clustering and upstream conditions for fish targets with gravel as the main habitat condition, and improving the efficiency of fish finding the right bank fishway entrance and upstream passing the dam. However, the existing natural bottom preservation method can only provide upstream bottom conditions for a single fish, and only considers the ecological needs of fish breeding and migration seasons, and does not combine the water control and flow regulation technology of the spur dam to improve the fish habitat conditions in the non-breeding and migration seasons. In addition, the existing spur dike technology can only provide induced water flow and habitat conditions for fish, and there is no technology that can meet the multiple ecological needs and habitat conditions of fish. Therefore, combining the ecological needs of fish during the breeding and non-breeding periods, innovating fish habitat protection structures and operation methods with multiple ecological functions has long-term application value and promotion significance in the field of water conservancy and hydropower fish protection. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a spur dike with multiple ecological functions and an operation method thereof, aiming to solve at least one technical problem existing in the prior art mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives:

[0007] A spur dike with multiple ecological functions comprises a river channel, a tributary dam is arranged in the river channel, a tributary fishway is arranged on one side of the tributary dam, and is characterized in that: a plurality of rows of parallel ecological spur dikes are arranged on the bank slope at the tributary fishway inlet side of the tributary fishway, and the ecological spur dike is arranged within the range of a variable backwater line zone, the ecological spur dike comprises a dam root connected to the bank slope, a dam body is arranged on the side of the dam root away from the bank slope, and the dam body is evenly divided into a plurality of layers along the water flow height direction, each layer is arranged in the form of a flap, and an ecological matrix is ​​arranged on the surface of the flap.

[0008] Furthermore, the dam body is divided into an upper dam body, a middle dam body and a lower dam body along the water flow height direction. The surface of the upper dam body is provided with an aquatic plant matrix, the surface of the middle dam body is provided with a gravel matrix, and the surface of the lower dam body is provided with a mud and sand matrix.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of gravity rotation axes are arranged on the surface of the lower dam body, and gravity rotation troughs are suspended on the gravity rotation axes. The gravity rotation troughs are trough structures and a sediment matrix is ​​arranged in the troughs. The gravity rotation troughs are independently controlled to rotate by the gravity rotation axes.

[0010] Furthermore, the spacing distance between the several rows of parallel ecological spur dikes is equal to the width of the flap.

[0011] Furthermore, each layer of flaps of the plurality of rows of parallel ecological spur dikes is gradually lowered from upstream to downstream.

[0012] Furthermore, a rotating shaft is provided through each layer of the flap, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the dam root, and the other end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the fixing rod.

[0013] Furthermore, a motor is arranged on the fixing rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle between the ecological spur dike and the bank slope is greater than 0° and less than 90°.

[0015] Beneficial Effects

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. Innovative ecological spur dike structure with multiple ecological benefits; the present invention gives full play to the advantages of traditional spur dikes in water control and flow regulation, transforms the spur dike into a flippable structure, and during the fish breeding period, transforms the spur dike into a migration channel with a certain slope from downstream to upstream, assisting fish to find suitable migration routes and fishway entrances in the downstream river section near the fishway side, and increasing the efficiency of fish migration across the dam; during the non-fish breeding period, the spur dike body is rotated to the restored state along the rotation axis, and the water blocking, water control and flow regulation function of the spur dike is continued to be exerted, providing fish with rich and diverse water flow habitat conditions in the local space, such as the rapid flow section in the upstream section of the spur dike and the downstream section of the tributary dam, which can provide suitable water flow conditions for fish that like rapid flow environment; the local slow-flow bay formed between each dam body can provide suitable water flow conditions for fish that like slow-flow conditions. The present invention achieves multiple ecological benefits of assisted migration and traditional flow regulation through the flexible transformation of the ecological spur dike structure.

[0018] 2. Create a comprehensive suitable habitat for multiple protected species; the present invention divides the spur dam into a multi-layer structure that can be turned over, providing suitable habitats for fish with various breeding and habitat ecological needs. For example, when carp, crucian carp and other fish are in the breeding and migratory period, the dam body is rotated by a motor to connect with each other into a whole plate and maintain a certain slope in the water body, providing suitable bottom slope and breeding and attachment conditions for fish to swim upstream; the present invention aims to provide suitable habitat conditions for a variety of different fish species, different periods and different types of ecological needs, which not only improves the efficiency of fish in finding the fishway entrance and migrating across the dam, but also improves the habitat quality of fish in local river sections for comprehensive ecological needs such as foraging and hiding.

[0019] 3. Make full use of and regulate the complex water flow conditions in the variable backwater zone; the variable backwater zone of the reservoir is the river section between the perennial reservoir area and the tail of the reservoir, and has a unique "river-reservoir" two-phase composite habitat characteristic. During high water levels, the water level in the variable backwater zone rises and the water flow is slow; during low water levels, the water level in the variable backwater zone drops and the water flow is relatively rapid. On the whole, it presents the composite habitat characteristics of the transition from the natural river water habitat to the artificial lake reservoir slow-flow habitat, and the water flow conditions are relatively disordered and complex. Fish must pass through the variable backwater area to find the entrance of the tributary fishway upstream. In order to improve the fish habitat conditions in the variable backwater area, the present invention appropriately optimizes and adjusts the water flow conditions in the water area through a flexibly changeable ecological spur dam structure to ensure that the water flow in the water area is within the regulation range of the spur dam during high and low water levels, further ensuring an excellent environment for fish to upstream and inhabit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 The general layout of this patent;

[0022] Figure 2 The structural diagram of the ecological spur dam of this patent (three-layer dam body erected);

[0023] Figure 3 A top view of the patented ecological spur dam (three-layer dam body erected);

[0024] Figure 4 Cross-section of the patented ecological spur dam (three-layer dam body erected);

[0025] Figure 5 The structural diagram of the ecological spur dam of this patent (the upper dam body is inclined as a migratory channel);

[0026] Figure 6 A top view of the patented ecological spur dike (the upper dam is tilted to serve as a migratory channel);

[0027] Figure 7 The cross-section of the ecological spur dam of this patent (the upper dam body is inclined as a migratory channel);

[0028] Figure 8 The structural diagram of the ecological spur dam of this patent (the three-layer dam body is tilted to form a migratory channel);

[0029] Fig. 9 A top view of the patented ecological spur dam (the three-layer dam is tilted to form a migratory channel);

[0030] Fig.10 The cross-section of the ecological spur dam of this patent (the three-layer dam is tilted to form a migratory channel);

[0031] Fig.11 The upper dam structure diagram of this patent;

[0032] Fig.12 The structural diagram of the middle dam body of this patent;

[0033] Fig.13 The lower dam structure diagram of this patent;

[0034] Fig.14 Cross-sectional view of the lower dam body of this patent (in an inclined state);

[0035] Fig.15 Cross-sectional view of the lower dam body of this patent (vertical state).

[0036] Figure numerals: 1-main stream dam; 2-tributary dam; 3-variable backwater zone; 4-ecological spur dike; 41-spur dike body; 42-motor; 43-upper dam body; 44-middle dam body; 45-lower dam body; 46-dam root; 47-fixing rod; 48-aquatic plant matrix; 49-pebble matrix; 410-silt matrix; 411-rotating shaft; 412-gravity rotation trough; 413-gravity rotation shaft; 5-fishway; 51-main stream fishway; 52-tributary fishway; 53-tributary fishway inlet; 54-tributary fishway outlet; 6-river channel; 7-bank slope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that in the present invention: the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses; the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These The terms are mainly used to better describe the present invention and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence; the terms "install", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", "sleeved", etc. should be understood in a broad sense; for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements or components. In addition, some terms can be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationships. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] Example 1. A spur dike with multiple ecological functions, with a structure reference Figures 1 to 4, including a river channel 6, a tributary dam 2 is arranged in the river channel 6, a tributary fishway 52 is arranged on one side of the tributary dam 2, a plurality of rows of parallel ecological spur dikes 4 are arranged on the bank slope 7 on the side of the tributary fishway inlet 53 of the tributary fishway 52, and the ecological spur dikes 4 are arranged within the range of the variable backwater zone 3, the ecological spur dike 4 includes a dam root 46 connected to the bank slope 7, a dam body is arranged on the side of the dam root 46 away from the bank slope 7, and the dam body is evenly divided into a plurality of layers along the water flow height direction, each layer is arranged in the form of a flap, and an ecological matrix is ​​arranged on the surface of the flap.

[0040] The dam body is divided into an upper dam body 43, a middle dam body 44 and a lower dam body 45. The structure is shown in FIG. Figures 11 to 13 The ecological matrix used in each layer of the dam body is determined according to the reproduction and habitat ecological habits of fish in the river. The surface of the upper dam body 43 is paved with soil, and aquatic plants are planted in the soil. The aquatic plant matrix 48 of the upper dam body 43 provides suitable attachment and habitat conditions for carp, crucian carp and other fish that like to spawn and reproduce on aquatic plants with sticky grass; the surface of the middle dam body 44 is attached with a pebble gravel matrix 49, and the pebble gravel matrix 49 is fixedly embedded in the surface of the middle dam body 44, providing suitable attachment and habitat conditions for fish that like to spawn and reproduce in the cracks of pebbles and gravels, such as schizothorax, white-shelled carp, perch carp, and reptiles; the surface of the lower dam body 45 is attached with a silt matrix 410; in order to prevent the silt matrix 410 in the lower dam body 45 from overturning and scattering during the overturning process, a number of gravity rotation axes 413 are arranged on the surface of the lower dam body 45, and the structure is referenced to FIG. Figures 14 to 15 A gravity rotation slot 412 is provided on the gravity rotation axis 413. The gravity rotation slot 412 is a slot structure. A sediment matrix 410 is attached to the slot. The gravity rotation slot 412 rotates independently under the control of the gravity rotation axis 413. When the lower dam body 45 rotates, the gravity rotation slot 412 always keeps the slot facing upward due to the gravity of the attached sediment matrix 410, ensuring that the sediment matrix 410 always stays in the gravity rotation axis 413 and will not overturn and spill out.

[0041] Each layer of the flap is provided with a rotating shaft 411, one end of which is rotatably connected to the dam root 46, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the fixing rod 47. The fixing rod 47 is provided with a motor 42. The motor 42 is provided to coordinately control the rotating shaft 411 of each layer of the flap, so as to realize the opening and closing of the flap. When the flap is opened, each layer of the dam is in a horizontal state, providing a breeding environment for various fish; when the flap is closed, each layer of the dam is in an upright state, and the three layers of the dam block the incoming water to form a spur weir structure, giving full play to the water blocking, water control and flow regulation function of the spur weir, and the local slow-flow bay formed between each dam body provides fish with rich and diverse water flow habitat conditions in the local space.

[0042] The angle between the ecological spur dam 4 and the bank slope 7 is greater than 0° and less than 90°. The ecological spur dam 4 further changes the distribution pattern of surrounding organisms by changing the flow field distribution, water flow pattern, water depth, flow velocity and other hydrodynamic conditions and riverbed morphology, which is mainly reflected in the formation of slow flow areas or even still water areas in front of and behind the ecological spur dam 4, and the vicinity of the dam head becomes a rapids area. The larger the angle between the ecological spur dam 4 and the bank slope, the larger the range of the recirculation zone, the higher the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic conditions in the area around the spur dam, and the more it meets the habitat requirements of various fish. When the angle between the ecological spur dam 4 and the bank slope 7 is 90°, the range of the recirculation zone is the largest and the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic conditions is the highest.

[0043] The present invention is a method for using a spur dike with multiple ecological functions: the main usage scenario of the present invention is in the variable backwater zone 3. Since the variable backwater zone 3 has the characteristics of a "river-reservoir" two-phase composite habitat, during high water levels, the water level in the variable backwater zone rises and the water flow is slow; during low water levels, the water level in the variable backwater zone drops and the water flow is rapid. Therefore, the water flow conditions are relatively chaotic and complex, which has an adverse effect on the upstream migration of fish. Therefore, the present invention is set up in the variable backwater zone 3 with multiple ecological functions to improve the water flow conditions and create conditions for the upstream migration of fish. Figure 1 The variable backwater zone 3 shown is located at the intersection of the tributary and the main stream of the river. The main stream dam 1 is provided with a main stream fishway 51 on the side close to the tributary. The tributary dam 2 is provided with a tributary fishway 52 on the side close to the main stream fishway 51. An ecological spur dike 4 is provided between the fish migration route formed by the main stream fishway 51 and the tributary fishway 52, and in the variable backwater zone 3. When the river section is in the non-breeding period of fish, the upper dam body 43, the middle dam body 44 and the lower dam body 45 are controlled by the motor 42 to rotate to a vertical state, and the dam body is closed to form a flow blockage to reshape the water flow. Provide a habitat for fish; when the river section is in the non-breeding period of fish, there is no strong demand for fish to migrate upstream of the dam. At this time, the ecological spur dike 4 mainly plays the role of regulating water flow and shaping stable and suitable hydraulic conditions, reshaping the water flow in the river channel to form a relatively low flow velocity zone, providing a relatively stable and suitable habitat for fish; when the river section is in the breeding period of fish, the upper dam body 43, the middle dam body 44 and the lower dam body 45 are controlled by the motor 42 to rotate to a horizontal state, and the dam body is opened to provide a migration channel for fish to migrate upstream.

[0044] Example 2. When Example 1 is in use, when the river section is in the breeding period of fish, the motor 42 is used to control the flap to rotate to a horizontal state to form a migratory channel for fish to swim upstream. However, the flaps of different rows of ecological spur dikes 4 are not connected to each other, and a complete migratory channel for fish to swim upstream is not formed, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of fish migration. Based on this, the solution of Example 1 is improved, and the structure is referenced. Figures 5 to 6The spacing distance between the several rows of parallel ecological spur dikes 4 is equal to the width of the flap. By setting the spacing distance between the ecological spur dikes 4 equal to the width of the flap, it is ensured that the flaps of different rows of ecological spur dikes 4 can be connected to each other; when the river section is in the fish breeding period, the flaps are controlled by the motor 42 to rotate to a horizontal state, and the flaps between adjacent rows can be connected. For example, when the upper dam body 43 rotates to a horizontal state, it is connected to the upper dam body 43 of the adjacent front and rear ecological spur dikes 4 to form a whole. The middle dam body 44 and the lower dam body 45 are also connected in the aforementioned manner to provide a complete upstream migration channel for fish and improve the upstream migration efficiency of fish.

[0045] Example 3. When Example 2 is in use, when the river section is in the breeding period of fish, the motor 42 is used to control the flap to rotate to a horizontal state, forming a complete fish upstream migration channel. However, the formed fish upstream migration channel is parallel to the water flow direction, and the resistance of fish in upstream migration is relatively large. Based on this, the solution of Example 2 is improved, and the structure is referenced Figures 7 to 10 , each layer of flaps of the several rows of parallel ecological spur dikes 4 is gradually lowered from upstream to downstream; the upper dam body 43, the middle dam body 44 and the lower dam body 45 of different rows of ecological spur dikes 4 are gradually lowered from upstream to downstream, so that the migration channel formed by connecting the upper dam body 43, the middle dam body 44 and the lower dam body 45 of the same layer respectively maintains a certain slope in the water body, reduces the local water flow velocity, and provides convenience for fish to migrate upstream. According to the provisions of the "Design Specifications for Fish Passage in Hydropower Engineering" NB / T35054-2015, the slope of the migration channel is between 1:10 and 1:30, which can ensure the best fish migration efficiency.

[0046] Obviously, the above is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any combination, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and all other embodiments that can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spur dam with multiple ecological functions, comprising a river channel (6), a tributary dam (2) being arranged in the river channel (6), a tributary fishway (52) being arranged on one side of the tributary dam (2), characterized in that: A plurality of parallel rows of ecological spur dikes (4) are arranged on the bank slope (7) on the side of the tributary fishway inlet (53) of the tributary fishway (52), and the ecological spur dikes (4) are arranged within the range of the variable backwater line zone (3). The ecological spur dike (4) includes a dam root (46) connected to the bank slope (7), and a dam body is arranged on the side of the dam root (46) away from the bank slope (7). The dam body is evenly divided into a plurality of layers along the height direction of the water flow, and each layer is arranged in the form of a flap, and an ecological matrix is ​​arranged on the surface of the flap.

2. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dam body is divided into an upper dam body (43), a middle dam body (44) and a lower dam body (45) along the water flow height direction; the surface of the upper dam body (43) is provided with an aquatic plant matrix (48), the surface of the middle dam body (44) is provided with a pebble matrix (49), and the surface of the lower dam body (45) is provided with a sediment matrix (410).

3. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 2 is characterized by: A plurality of gravity rotation shafts (413) are arranged on the surface of the lower dam body (45), and gravity rotation troughs (412) are suspended on the gravity rotation shafts (413). The gravity rotation troughs (412) are trough-type structures and a sediment matrix (410) is arranged in the troughs. The gravity rotation troughs (412) are independently controlled to rotate by the gravity rotation shafts (413).

4. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing distance between the plurality of rows of ecological spur dikes (4) arranged in parallel is equal to the width of the flap.

5. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of flaps of the plurality of rows of ecological spur dikes (4) arranged in parallel is arranged to gradually decrease in the direction from upstream to downstream.

6. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating shaft (411) is arranged in each layer of the flap, one end of the rotating shaft (411) is rotatably connected to the dam root (46), and the other end of the rotating shaft (411) is rotatably connected to the fixing rod (47).

7. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing rod (47) is provided with a motor (42).

8. The spur dike with multiple ecological functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the ecological spur dike (4) and the bank slope (7) is greater than 0° and less than 90°.

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