The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological
sediment monitoring, and particularly discloses a design method and device for an anti-freeze-thaw steel plate bayonet weir in an alpine region. Firstly, long-term dynamic stability of the geometrical shape of the weir body under
frost heaving and thaw collapse is guaranteed through cooperation of the phase-change material
temperature control layer and the prestress self-adaptive anchor rods; secondly, an
optical fiber reference array embedded into the weir plate and a multi-mode
sensor fusion algorithm are utilized, real-time self-calibration of
water level and sand content measurement data is achieved, and measurement errors caused by low temperature,
icing and micro-deformation are effectively overcome; and finally, through task cooperative
dynamic energy consumption management and self-adaptive flow channel adjustment based on upstream deposition
perception, long-term continuous, intelligent and reliable operation of the whole
system under the conditions of limited energy and harsh environment is ensured. According to the invention, full-chain optimization from stable structure and accurate sensing to
system self-adaption is realized, and the precision and reliability of runoff
sediment automatic monitoring in the alpine region are obviously improved.