The invention relates to a system for measuring a radio-frequency signal high-speed sweeping frequency spectrum based on a digital local oscillator. The system comprises a radio frequency conversion unit, an intermediate frequency signal conditioning unit and a digital intermediate frequency signal processing and controlling unit which are sequentially connected in series. The digital intermediate frequency signal processing and controlling unit is provided with a digital scan synchronous control circuit module and a programmable digital oscillator, wherein the digital scan synchronous control circuit module is connected with an in-phase quadrature (IQ) signal shunt processing circuit module through the programmable digital oscillator, the digital scan synchronous control circuit module is connected with a first local oscillator device, a detector, or a fast fourier transform (FFT) convertor. The invention further relates to a method which is based on the system and achieves synchronous control for the scanning in high-speed sweeping frequency spectrum measurement. Due to the fact that the system and method for measuring radio-frequency signal high-speed sweeping frequency spectrum based on the digital local oscillator are adopted, scanning time is greatly shortened, local frequency accuracy in a scanning process is improved, circuit hardware is simplified, cost is reduced, working performance is stable and reliable, and range of application is wide.