The invention relates to an ore dressing method for comprehensively recovering gold, zinc, sulfur and iron from abandoned tailings. By grinding the abandoned tailings, useful mineral monomer dissociation is realized, and simultaneously mineral surface oxide films are stripped off to improve mineral floatation activity; by jointly using water glass and sodium hexametaphoshpate to effectively inhibit iron gangue, silicon gangue and carbonate gangue, fine silt can be better dispersed and the adverse influence of mineral silt on floatation can be eliminated; through the high-efficiency combination and reasonable matching of inhibitors, collectors and activators, the sequentially prior floatation of gold, zinc and sulfur is realized, then iron is recovered by adopting a low-intensity magnetic separation process, and thus gold concentrate, zinc concentrate, sulfur concentrate and iron concentrate are obtained. Through mineral grinding activation and floatation and reasonable fitting and matching of floatation chemicals, the method solves the problem that the floatation activity is poor due to the oxide film on surfaces of useful minerals in the abandoned tailings, and can be used for effectively separating and extracting gold, zinc and sulfur components in the abandoned tailings.