258 results about "Crystallization rate" patented technology

The embodiment of the invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a back contact battery and a manufacturing method thereof, and a photovoltaic module, the back contact battery comprises a substrate, the substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other along a first direction, and the second surface is provided with first regions and second regions which are alternately arranged along a second direction; the first dielectric layer and the first doping layer are stacked on the first region, and P-type doping elements are arranged in the first doping layer; the second dielectric layer and the second doping layer are stacked on the second region, and the second doping layer is provided with N-type doping elements; wherein the first doped layer comprises N layers of stacked first doped films, the crystallization rate of the (N-1) th layer of first doped film is higher than the crystallization rate of the Nth layer of first doped film in the direction away from the substrate, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The embodiment of the invention is at least beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back contact battery.

A method for separating amoxicillin and phenylacetic acid from reaction solution in one-step enzymatic synthesis of amoxicillin is provided. The method employs immobilized penicillin acylase mutant to catalyze the one-step synthesis of amoxicillin from penicillin potassium, and develops a separation process for the resulting reaction mixture. The technical scheme mainly comprises: Firstly separating the immobilized penicillin acylase mutant from the reaction solution through filtration; subsequently isolating amoxicillin via crystallization; followed by separating and recovering phenylacetic acid through toluene extraction and back extraction. This separation method enables rapid and efficient isolation of amoxicillin with high production yield, achieving an average crystallization rate of 93.22%. Concurrently, it demonstrates effective separation and recovery of phenylacetic acid while allowing recyclable use of the toluene extractant.

The invention discloses a method for selectively and efficiently removing impurities in desulfurized gypsum and preparing high-quality alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum, which comprises the following steps: (1) removing organic impurities in the desulfurized gypsum by utilizing flotation, then removing soluble impurities by washing, and aerating air to oxidize calcium sulfite into calcium sulfate dihydrate while washing, then carrying out acid leaching in a hydrochloric acid solution to remove insoluble impurities, taking out and drying to obtain treated desulfurized gypsum; and (2) adding the desulfurized gypsum treated in the step (1) into a carboxylic acid aqueous solution to carry out solution crystallization reaction, adding potassium carboxylate into the carboxylic acid aqueous solution to regulate and control the crystallization rate and crystal morphology, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the reaction is finished, and washing, drying and ball-milling the solid to obtain the high-quality alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum powder. The alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum product obtained by the invention is high in purity, and the hydrated body has high absolute dry compressive and flexural strength.

The invention provides a tin-based perovskite thin film, a preparation method thereof and a tin-based perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a tin-based perovskite raw material in an organic solvent, and adding polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone to prepare a tin-based perovskite precursor solution; and coating the tin-based perovskite precursor solution through a printing method to form a film, and carrying out annealing treatment to obtain the tin-based perovskite thin film. According to the invention, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone is used to slow down the crystallization rate of perovskite, and is used as a template to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites, so that the defect state density is reduced, and the compactness of the perovskite film is improved.

The utility model provides a brine evaporative crystallization device for industrial salt production, which comprises a box body, foot stools which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the box body, a ventilation bin is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body, and the brine evaporative crystallization device further comprises a bearing assembly which is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body and is used for bearing brine to be evaporated, the bearing assembly comprises rotating frames rotationally connected to the inner wall of the box body and symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the box body, an evaporation disc rotationally connected to the inner wall of the box body through the rotating frames, and an adapter fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the evaporation disc; the supporting assembly is rotationally connected to the inner wall of the box body; the heating assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the evaporation disc; the ventilation assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the ventilation bin; the collecting assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the box body. The brine evaporation device can control the air velocity on the surface of brine in the brine evaporation process, accelerates the evaporation and crystallization rate, can automatically collect crystals evaporated from the brine, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and improves the collection efficiency of the crystals.

The invention provides a production device and process for increasing the content of magnesium citrate crystals. The problems that in the prior art, the impurity co-crystallization rate is high, and crystal forms are difficult to control are solved. The device comprises a gradient temperature control multi-stage crystallization device and a crystal form directional regulation and self-adaptive separation system. The gradient temperature control multi-stage crystallization device is composed of a main crystallizer, a gradient temperature control system, an ultrasonic-assisted system and a liquid phase partition circulating system, and the crystallization environment is accurately controlled through the temperature gradients of five independent temperature zones. The crystal form directional regulation and self-adaptive separation system is composed of a seed crystal dynamic inoculation device, an electric field auxiliary directional crystallization system, a real-time crystal morphology analysis system and a self-adaptive separation system, and the crystal morphology and particle size distribution can be accurately controlled. According to the process disclosed by the invention, the main content of magnesium citrate is increased to 98.8 + / -0.3%, heavy metal impurities and organic impurities are respectively reduced by 70% and 75%, the crystal form consistency is increased to 96 + / -2%, the production period is shortened by 33%, and the process has remarkable economic benefits and social benefits.

The present invention provides a novel crystal seed suitable for a crystallization fluidized bed, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The performance and function of the crystal seed are optimized and improved, the crystallization rate is accelerated, the crystallization speed is shortened, and the crystal nuclei can be effectively fixed on the surface of the crystal seed during the hardness removal process, thereby avoiding the formation of microcrystalline nuclei in the water body, reducing scaling, and accelerating the start-up speed of crystallization. In addition, the preparation method of the novel crystal seed is simple and the performance is stable. According to tests, when the novel crystal seed prepared by the present invention is put into a crystallization fluidized bed reactor for a hardness removal process, the hardness removal rate can reach 85%-95%.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tungsten hydrometallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for improving the crystallization rate of ammonium paratungstate, which comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining an ammonium tungstate solution which comprises metatungstate ions; s2, adding a supersaturation degree regulator into the ammonium tungstate solution, wherein the supersaturation degree regulator comprises hydrogen peroxide and ammonia water; s3, heating the ammonium tungstate solution to a first temperature, and then adding superfine ammonium paratungstate; s4, the ammonium tungstate solution is heated to a second temperature, heat preservation and continuous stirring are conducted, and ammonium paratungstate crystals are obtained; by adjusting parameters such as temperature, pH value, solvent type and concentration, optimizing crystallization conditions with metatungstate ions and ammonium paratungstate at the same time, improving the crystallization rate, and by controlling the degree of supersaturation of the solution, the situation that the crystallization rate is affected due to non-uniform crystal growth caused by too high crystallization rate is avoided, and the quality of the product is improved. The supersaturation degree can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as solution concentration and temperature.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric materials and devices, and particularly relates to a perovskite thin film and a preparation method and application thereof. A fluorine-containing phosphazene compound is used as a ligand and is mixed with a perovskite precursor solution composed of lead iodide, formamidine iodine and cesium iodide, spin coating is performed, the fluorine-containing phosphazene compound and part of formamidine cations form hydrogen bonds, part of formamidine cations are anchored at the bottom of a perovskite film, Cs-formamidine cations are uniformly distributed, and the perovskite film is prepared. Meanwhile, the fluorine-containing phosphazene compound and Pb < 2 + > form a coordinate bond, Pb < 2 + > defects are passivated, and the perovskite thin film is obtained through anti-solvent treatment and annealing treatment. The fluorine-containing phosphazene compound interacts with the components in the perovskite precursor solution, so that the nucleation rate of perovskite can be increased, the crystallization rate can be slowed down, the tensile stress can be eliminated, the perovskite does not enter crystal lattices, and the stability and crystallinity of the film are guaranteed. The perovskite thin film can be used for an inverted perovskite solar cell, and the performance and the stability of a device are improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and discloses a selective passivation contact structure and a double-sided selective TOPCon cell. The selective passivation contact structure comprises a silicon wafer, the back surface of the silicon wafer is sequentially provided with a first tunneling oxide layer and first boron-doped polycrystalline silicon, and a back surface electrode contact region of the first boron-doped polycrystalline silicon is also provided with second boron-doped polycrystalline silicon; the thickness of the first boron-doped polycrystalline silicon is smaller than that of the second boron-doped polycrystalline silicon, the crystallization rate of the first boron-doped polycrystalline silicon is larger than that of the second boron-doped polycrystalline silicon, and the doping concentration of the first boron-doped polycrystalline silicon is larger than that of the second boron-doped polycrystalline silicon. The selective passivation contact structure can reduce parasitic absorption of light, reduce recombination and improve the passivation effect and the transverse transmission performance of carriers, so that the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the fill factor and the cell efficiency of the double-sided selective TOPCon cell can be further improved.

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and discloses a solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, wherein the back surface of the silicon substrate comprises first regions and second regions which are alternately arranged; the first dielectric layer is located in the first region; the first doping layer is positioned on one side, deviating from the silicon substrate, of the first dielectric layer; the second doping layer is located on the side, away from the first dielectric layer, of the first doping layer; wherein the crystallization rate of the first doping layer is greater than that of the second doping layer, and the thickness of the second doping layer is greater than that of the first doping layer. The passivation contact performance of the battery can be improved, and the conversion efficiency of the battery is improved.

The invention discloses a regulation and control method and system for controlling the beef tallow crystallization morphology based on ultrasonic assistance, and belongs to the technical field of food production control, and the regulation and control method comprises the steps: deploying a sensor cluster on a beef tallow cooling crystallization tank, collecting process data of the beef tallow crystallization state in real time in the beef tallow crystallization process, and uploading the process data to a processing device; the processing device preprocesses the data collected by the sensor cluster, aligns the preprocessed data with a timestamp, and integrates the preprocessed data to construct a sensor historical database; a processing device is called to analyze data in the sensor historical database, a key index dynamic model capable of reflecting internal association between regulation and control parameters and crystal morphology is constructed, and an optimized regulation and control algorithm is designed based on the key index dynamic model; based on the model design optimization regulation and control algorithm, the technical problem that the crystallization rate and beta'crystal form control cannot be realized at the same time due to single regulation and control means in the traditional method is solved.

The invention discloses a hydrolysis-resistant PBT reinforced material capable of being subjected to laser welding and a preparation method of the hydrolysis-resistant PBT reinforced material, and belongs to the field of engineering plastics. Comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 45-70 parts of PBT resin, 0.5-1 part of a nucleating agent, 0.5-1 part of a nucleating auxiliary agent, 0.1-1 part of an antioxidant, 0.1-1 part of a lubricant, 0.2-0.8 part of a hydrolysis-resistant agent, 1-3 parts of a toughening agent and 25-45 parts of glass fibers, the nucleating auxiliary agent is sodium-doped potassium aluminosilicate. The nucleating agent can improve the crystallization rate of PBT, refine the grain size and reduce light scattering, and the hydrolysis-resistant agent can block autocatalytic hydrolysis circulation. And the composite sodium-doped potassium aluminosilicate not only can provide a large number of sites for PBT nucleation, but also can adsorb and capture water molecules in the environment and small molecules in an adsorption material and reduce hydrolysis reaction, so that the reinforced PBT material can be suitable for laser welding, and the long-term stability of the material in a high-temperature and humid environment can be guaranteed.

Disclosed is a polymer composition including a polyester copolymer and a biodegradable polymer, wherein the polyester copolymer includes two types of ester bond-forming monomer residues as main structural units, when the two types of ester bond-forming monomers are defined as “monomer A” and “monomer B”, respectively, the polyester copolymer satisfies (1) to (3) below, the biodegradable polymer has a melting point of 100° C. or higher, and the biodegradable polymer is included in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more and less than 30% by weight in 100% by weight of the total of the polyester copolymer and the biodegradable polymer. The present invention provides a polymer composition having low Young's modulus and high tensile strength. (1) An R value represented by the following formula is 0.45 or more and 0.99 or less. R=[AB] / (2[A][B])×100, where [A]: molar fraction (%) of monomer A residues in the polyester copolymer, [B]: molar fraction (%) of monomer B residues in the polyester copolymer, and [AB]: molar fraction (%) of a structure in which monomer A residues and monomer B residues are adjacent to each other (A-B and B-A) in the polyester copolymer. (2) A crystallization rate of monomer A residues and a crystallization rate of monomer B residues are less than 14%. (3) A melting point is lower than 100° C. or a clear melting point does not exist.

The invention discloses a measurement device and a measurement method for a solution crystallization growth rate, relates to the technical field of solution crystallization measurement equipment, and mainly aims to provide a measurement device capable of simply, conveniently and intuitively measuring the one-dimensional crystallization growth rate of a solvent in a solution with different compositions and different supercooling degrees. According to the main technical scheme, the device for measuring the crystallization growth rate of the solution comprises a constant-temperature part, a temperature measuring part and a control part, one end of a first circulating pipeline is connected to the first thermostatic bath, the other end of the first circulating pipeline is connected to the upper side surface of the first sleeve, one end of a second circulating pipeline is connected to the first thermostatic bath, and the other end of the second circulating pipeline is connected to the lower side surface of the first sleeve; the first sleeve is sleeved outside the sample tube component, and one end of the sample tube component is inserted into the second thermostatic bath; and the shooting end of the camera part faces the first sleeve. The method is mainly used for measuring the crystallization rate of the solution.

The application discloses a nucleating agent, a non-woven fabric and a preparation method and application thereof. The nucleating agent comprises inorganic nucleating agents and high molecular nucleating agents; the inorganic nucleating agents comprise at least one of carboxyl modified nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate and sharp titanium type nano-titanium dioxide; the high molecular nucleating agents comprise at least one of a wholly aromatic polyester, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer sodium salt and a long chain carboxylic acid salt; and the nucleating agent is in the form of a water dispersion. The nucleating agent comprises inorganic nucleating agents and high molecular nucleating agents, and can quickly induce nucleation at a lower temperature, reduce crystallization enthalpy and significantly improve the crystallization rate, so that the mechanical properties, dimensional stability and thermal stability of the non-woven fabric are enhanced. The use of the nucleating agent makes the fiber structure of the non-woven fabric more uniform and dense, reduces the crystallization temperature, improves the mechanical properties, and reduces shrinkage and deformation during use.

The invention particularly relates to a preparation method of a functional carrier for inducing crystallization of high-salinity leachate, and aims to solve the problems of low removal efficiency of multivalent ions in high-salinity wastewater, low crystallization rate and difficulty in resource recovery. According to the functional carrier, silanization modified FeO and aniline are subjected to in-situ polymerization to form a core-shell structure, the core-shell structure is compounded with activated nano CaCOs, and the functional carrier with a hierarchical porous structure, surface difunctional acid-base sites and superparamagnetism is prepared through a sol-gel method and temperature-controlled calcination. By the adoption of the technical scheme, efficient synergistic adsorption and directional induced crystallization of ions such as sulfate radicals, calcium and magnesium can be achieved, the crystallization induction period is remarkably shortened, good regeneration performance and magnetic separation convenience are achieved, and the method is suitable for efficient treatment of high-salt leachate and salt resource recycling.

The invention discloses an alcohol modified TS-1 catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of molecular sieve catalysts. The alcohol modified TS-1 catalyst is prepared by the following steps: preparing a mixed solution from SiO2, 0.04 TiO2, 0.30 TPAOH, 50 H2O and nMOH according to the molar ratio of SiO2: 0.04 TiO2: 0.30 TPAOH: 50 H2O: nMOH; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the mixed solution to obtain the alcohol modified TS-1 molecular sieve catalyst in one step; the preparation method is simple, the crystallization rate of the molecular sieve is increased by adding alcohols, more titanium atoms can be promoted to enter a skeleton, formation of a Ti-OOH active intermediate is facilitated, and generation of non-active anatase is reduced; the TS-1 molecular sieve is high in crystallinity and shows relatively high activity and alkylene oxide selectivity in a long-chain olefin epoxidation reaction.

The invention discloses a bio-based low-carbon environment-friendly functional furan polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of macromolecules, and particularly relates to a polyfurandicarboxylic acid cyclohexanedimethanol-ethylene glycol copolyester fiber. The invention also provides a preparation method of the bio-based furan copolyester, and the bio-based furan copolyester obtained according to the preparation method provided by the invention has higher crystallinity and crystallization rate, excellent fiber mechanical properties and remarkable antibacterial property, and is a sustainable environment-friendly fiber with good comprehensive properties. The bio-based furan copolyester fiber and the like can be widely applied to the related fields of conventional clothes, home textiles and the like.

The invention provides a method for reducing short broken bracts of a single crystal silicon rod. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a pulling speed correction in a medium-diameter section of a previous crystal rod; the actual shouldering power drop amplitude value of the previous crystal bar is obtained; and obtaining a pre-shouldering power drop value of the next crystal bar based on the pulling speed correction and the shouldering power drop value of the previous crystal bar. According to the method for reducing the short broken bracts of the silicon single crystal rod, the pulling speed deviation caused by the difference of shouldering power drop amplitude in different coil bases can be accurately corrected, the reliability is high, the reproducibility is good, the stability of crystal growth is guaranteed, the occurrence rate of the short broken bracts can be reduced, and the crystallization rate of crystal growth is increased.

The invention discloses a 3F-BZH-containing perovskite crystallization regulation and control method and a battery preparation method, 3F-BZH is introduced into an organic salt as an additive to regulate and control the crystallization rate, and the reaction rate between the organic salt and PbI2 is slowed down by virtue of the interaction between a Cheno group in 3F-BZH and the organic salt, so that the crystallization process of a perovskite film is delayed, and the reaction is more complete. According to the method, the crystallization quality of the thin film is improved, non-radiative recombination of current carriers is inhibited, the defect state density in the perovskite thin film is effectively reduced, and the high-quality perovskite thin film is successfully prepared. Finally, under the synergistic effect of crystallization regulation and control and defect passivation, the 3F-BZH improves the performance of a perovskite solar cell device, and the conversion efficiency of 22.77% is obtained.

Provided are a solid food and a solid milk which have suitable solubility and strength adequate to resist breakage during handling. The solid food is a solid food having a solid form obtained by compression molding a food powder, in which an increase in total crystallization rate that is a difference of a crystal ratio with respect to a total weight on a surface of the solid food relative to a crystal ratio in an inner part of the solid food is 0.1% by weight or less. Further, a depth from the surface of the solid food at which the increase in total crystallization rate is zero or minimal is 0.2 mm or less.

The application provides a continuous crystallization mother liquor concentration regulation and impurity removal device and method, and belongs to the technical field of continuous crystallization equipment. A suction circulating pipe is designed outside the crystallization tank to ensure that the mother liquor fully flows in the whole continuous crystallization system, the concentration of the crystallization mother liquor is homogenized, and local supersaturation and thermal crystallization are avoided. A first inner pipe is arranged above the working liquid level in the crystallization tank to draw out the upper impurities and the accumulated light component mother liquor of the crystallization tank. In combination with the design of the open mother liquor and the impurity separation device, not only can the crystallization rate be reduced due to the too low local concentration, but also the impurities enriched at the top of the crystallization tank can be discharged, so that the influence of the impurities on the crystal quality is greatly reduced. In combination with the mother liquor parameter monitoring device arranged on the outer circulating pipe, the parameters of the crystallization mother liquor can be monitored in real time, the mother liquor extraction and circulation amount are more controllable, the crystallization environment stability is improved, and the efficient and stable generation of large particle crystals is facilitated.

The present application relates to the technical field of polyester material modification, and particularly relates to a high-transparency polyethylene naphthalate material, a preparation method and application, aiming at the problems of fast crystallization rate of the PEN material in the process of processing and molding, easy crystallization of thick products, light transmittance reduction caused by the crystallization, and insufficient material toughness, the present application introduces a diol monomer containing a side group and a flexible chain segment diol monomer into the PEN melt polycondensation process for copolymerization, wherein the diol containing a side group introduces a steric hindrance structure in the molecular chain to destroy the regular packing of the PEN molecular chain, thereby inhibiting the material crystallization behavior and improving the light transmittance of the thick product; the flexible diol introduces a flexible chain segment in the molecular chain to increase the free volume of the molecular chain and improve the molecular chain movement ability, thereby improving the material toughness. Through the above-mentioned synergistic copolymerization modification method, the crystallization tendency of the PEN material can be effectively reduced, the obtained PEN thick product has excellent light transmittance and toughness at the same time, and is suitable for the preparation of high-performance transparent polyester products.

The invention discloses a method for purifying refined glufosinate-ammonium, which belongs to the technical field of refined glufosinate-ammonium production, and is characterized in that during crystallization, a solvent is added into a crystallization system for multiple times at different temperatures so as to reduce the crystal nucleus generation speed in the crystallization process, and meanwhile, sufficient time is given to enable crystals to grow, so that the purity of the refined glufosinate-ammonium is improved. The refined glufosinate-ammonium hydrate solid with more regular refined glufosinate-ammonium crystals, higher crystallization rate and lower impurity content is obtained; ultrasonic waves are introduced in the refined glufosinate-ammonium crystallization process, on one hand, crystal nucleation can be promoted, the width of a crystallization metastable region is reduced, meanwhile, the particle size distribution of refined glufosinate-ammonium crystals can be narrowed, the efficiency during solid-liquid separation is higher, on the other hand, the ultrasonic waves can prevent crystal coalescence, the product has a better crystal form and higher product purity, and finally, the purity of the product is improved. The ultrasonic waves can provide energy to destroy hydrogen bonds of the refined glufosinate-ammonium crystalline hydrate, so that refined glufosinate-ammonium without crystal water is obtained, and the product purity is higher.

The embodiment of the invention provides a monocrystalline silicon drawing power automatic adjusting method and device, equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of monocrystalline silicon. Firstly, historical crystal pulling data is obtained; determining the reference power and the total offset of the single crystal furnace at the current process stage according to the historical crystal pulling data; and finally, determining a power adjustment strategy of the current process stage according to the reference power and the total offset. According to the method, accurate derivation of a power adjustment strategy is realized through historical crystal pulling data, a manual adjustment mode depending on subjective experience of operators is avoided, and the temperature stability in the single crystal furnace is effectively maintained, so that the stability of the crystal bar crystallization rate is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a preparation method of flame-retardant polyester-containing plastic particles, and relates to the technical field of plastic particles. The modified flame retardant is tightly combined with secondary amine groups in polyester, so that the hydrolysis resistance and mechanical strength of the plastic are improved. According to the modified flame retardant, chlorine groups of vinylphosphonic acid bis (2-chloroethyl ester) and hydroxyl groups of m-hydroxybenzoic acid protected by ester groups react under the low-temperature condition, plastic particles can be promoted to be dehydrated into carbon in the presence of phosphate groups, continuous proceeding of a chain reaction during plastic combustion is prevented, the flame retardant performance is preliminarily achieved, an aromatized structure is assisted, and the flame retardant performance is improved. The formation of a low-permeability and high-continuity carbon layer is promoted, the transmission of combustible gas and heat is prevented, and the flame-retardant effect is further enhanced; after ester groups are removed from carboxyl, the carboxyl reacts with 2, 6-dihydroxytoluene to be combined to form a benzophenone structure, the anti-ultraviolet effect is achieved, the methyl is matched, the crystallization rate of plastic particles is increased, a more compact stacking structure is formed, and therefore the mechanical strength of the plastic particles is enhanced.

The present invention relates to the technical field of biodegradable materials, and in particular, to a novel foamed material, a method for preparing same, and use thereof. The foamed material at least comprises a crystalline PHA and an amorphous PHA. The foamed material prepared by the present invention features good foaming performance. It improves the poor thermal stability, narrow processing window, low crystallization rate, and high fragility of PHA materials while retaining the original advantages and performances of the PHA materials. Therefore, the foamed material of the present invention can meet the requirements for biodegradability and certain cushion performance in applications such as high-tech appliances, packaging materials of electronic equipment, sports shoe sole materials, carpet materials, soft package materials of automotive interiors, sewage treatment materials, medical microporous foamed materials, and the like.

The invention discloses a preparation method of flame-retardant polyester-containing plastic particles, and relates to the technical field of plastic particles. The modified flame retardant is tightly combined with secondary amine groups in polyester, so that the hydrolysis resistance and mechanical strength of the plastic are improved. According to the modified flame retardant, chlorine groups of vinylphosphonic acid bis (2-chloroethyl ester) and hydroxyl groups of m-hydroxybenzoic acid protected by ester groups react under the low-temperature condition, plastic particles can be promoted to be dehydrated into carbon in the presence of phosphate groups, continuous proceeding of a chain reaction during plastic combustion is prevented, the flame retardant performance is preliminarily achieved, an aromatized structure is assisted, and the flame retardant performance is improved. The formation of a low-permeability and high-continuity carbon layer is promoted, the transmission of combustible gas and heat is prevented, and the flame-retardant effect is further enhanced; after ester groups are removed from carboxyl, the carboxyl reacts with 2, 6-dihydroxytoluene to be combined to form a benzophenone structure, the anti-ultraviolet effect is achieved, the methyl is matched, the crystallization rate of plastic particles is increased, a more compact stacking structure is formed, and therefore the mechanical strength of the plastic particles is enhanced.

The invention discloses a passivator for a solar cell, application of the passivator and the solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells. The passivator comprises one or more of compounds shown in the formula (I) and derivatives of the compounds, wherein R1-R10 are independently selected from hydrogen and fluorine; and Z is a monovalent anion of one of iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, thiocyanate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ions. According to the passivator for the solar cell, the application of the passivator and the solar cell, the crystallization rate of a perovskite thin film can be effectively adjusted, the crystallization process is optimized, segregation of A-site cations in a perovskite layer is restrained, and the stability and performance of the cell are improved.