The invention discloses a straw gypsum lightweight plate, which comprises the following materials in part by weight: 90 to 100 parts of calcined gypsum, 20 to 40 parts of pulverized straw, 0.2 to 0.4 part of redispersible powder, 0.5 to 0.7 part of gypsum retarder, 0.2 to 0.4 part of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) powder, 5 to 15 parts of white cement and 0.1 to 0.2 part of defoaming agent. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the straw gypsum lightweight plate, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pulverizing and putting straw in a reaction kettle for pretreatment; secondly, performing enzymolysis on the straw by adopting cellulose and centrifugalizing the straw to remove moisture: and thirdly, uniformly mixing in a stirring machine in a proportion of the raw material and water, paving mixture in a paving machine into a plate blank, performing fastening and cold compression on the plate blank to form the plate, and performing subsequent treatment to obtain the straw gypsum lightweight plate. The straw gypsum lightweight plate prepared by the method has the advantages of light weight, fireproofing, waterproofing, good sound isolation effect and good durability, is particularly suitable for an inner wall partition, a non-bearing wall and other building parts, and has good market prospect.