The invention relates to a domestic sewage treatment device, which is suitable to treat rural domestic sewage and decentralized domestic sewage, outside urban sewage pipe network, from units, office buildings, residential areas, dwelling buildings, hotels, public toilets and other places. The domestic sewage treatment device of the invention comprises a grit chamber, an anaerobic digester and an ecological purification filter chamber which are connected in turn, wherein a grit area, a trapping are arranged in the grit chamber and a flow guide area and an anaerobic filter area are arranged in the anaerobic digester and multiple vertically baffling sedimentation and filtration area with an aerobic area; and therefore, the effluent of the sewage treated by the domestic sewage treatment device can meet the requirements of Domestic Sewage Comprehensive Discharge Standards GB8978-1996 for first-grade effluent. All structures are buried underground, power is not required, the floor area occupation is small, the management is simple and convenient, operation cost is avoided basically, the surrounding landscape is not influenced, and the environment is beautified.