The invention relates to a novel water collection and backwashing sand filter. The sand filter comprises a tank body, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the tank body are respectively provided with a water inlet, a vent port, a water outlet and an air inlet, the middle part inside the tank body is a filter material layer, a screen plate is arranged inside the filter material layer, the screen plate is provided with a plurality of filter caps and a homogenizing filter material, a collection chamber is arranged below the screen plate, a water collection air distribution pipe is arranged inside the collection chamber, and the water collection air distribution pipe is communicated with the water outlet and the air inlet. The novel water collection and backwashing filter can thoroughly filter the sand and effectively intercept the fine organic particles, and the filtering efficiency is high; thoroughness in backwashing can be realized, the washing water can be saved, and the processing capacity can be increased; and the flow area of the filter cap is large, and the filter cap is anti-aging, has good pressure resistance and long service life, is hardly damaged, is safe and reliable and has low comprehensive cost; and the floor occupied area is small, rapidness in installation can be achieved, the investment can be saved, and convenience for operation and maintenance can be realized; and the tank bodies are connected in parallel for use, so that convenience for backwashing can be achieved.