The invention provides an on-line roll grinding method for a carbon jacket hearth roll. According to the invention, for great accretion, temperature of each furnace segment is set to be 20 to 25 DEG C higher than normal temperature, a transitional coil which has been used less than 4 times and has a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm is put in a furnace, tension in the furnace is eliminated, the roll is allowed to revolve for 8 to 12 min in a manner of combined inching after revolution for 4 to 5 min, then heating is carried out so as to control furnace temperature, and the above mentioned procedures are repeated for 3 cycles; for fine accretion, temperature of each furnace segment is set to be 10 to 15 DEG C higher than normal temperature, a transitional coil which has been used less than 4 times and has a thickness of 0.35 to 0.5 mm is put in a furnace, tension in the furnace is eliminated, and the roll is allowed to revolve for 1 to 3 min. According to the invention, accretion in the carbon jacket hearth roll can be rapidly removed; for the fine accretion, it is guaranteed that no accretion occurs any longer within 16 h after removal of the fine accretion; for the great accretion, it is guaranteed that no accretion occurs any longer within 30 h after removal of the great accretion; and therefore, an operating rate of a unit and rolling yield of products are greatly improved, and production cost and energy consumption are reduced.