The invention discloses a rapidly-charged graphite lithium ion battery anode material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method for the rapidly-charged graphite lithium ion battery anode material comprises the following steps of: (1) mixing a mixture containing natural graphite and asphalt, and heating, kneading and smashing the mixture, wherein the average grain size D50 of the natural graphite is 5 to 10 micrometers, and the mass rate of the natural graphite to the asphalt is (50:50) to (90:10); (2) carrying out heat treatment at 300-700 DEG C under the protection of an inert gas; and (3) performing graphitizing. The average grain size D50 of the rapidly-charged graphite lithium ion battery anode material prepared according to the method is ranging from 5 micrometers to 15 micrometers, the specific surface area is less than 2.0 m<2>/g, the initial discharging capacity of the battery prepared from the rapidly-charged graphite lithium ion battery anode material is over 360 mAh/g, the initial charging and discharging efficiency is over 90 percent, the charging rate (1.5C) is over 80 percent, and a product is high in discharging capacity and charging and discharging efficiency and good in rate capability. The invention also relates to a battery, and the battery comprises the rapidly-charged graphite lithium ion battery anode material.