The invention provides a direct contact type stretching deformation measuring system in a high-temperature oxygen-free environment, and relates to the field of stretching deformation measurement in the high-temperature oxygen-free environment. The system comprises an environment casing, a radiation furnace, stretching clamps, a stretching sample, a first extensometer water cooling box, a second extensometer water cooling box, extensometer transmission rods, a first support adjusting device, a second support adjusting devices, elastic components and foil gauges, a signal line, a first fixed plate, a second fixed plate, an aviation plug, a signal amplification converter and a display. A direct contact type measuring method can be used to transmit deformation of the sample to the elastic components accurately, and the sensitivity is higher; and the test temperature can reach 2000 DEG C, the elastic components and foil gauges are kept below 50 DEG C always, and an extensometer can be calibrated in normal temperature and used in the high temperature environment.