3885 results about "Voltage sensor" patented technology

An array of phase changing memory cells that includes a current source, a voltage sensor, a plurality of conductive bit lines electrically connected to the current source, a plurality of conductive word lines each electrically connected to a ground plane via a first resistor and to the voltage sensor, and a plurality of memory cells. Each memory cell is connected between one of the bit lines and one of the word lines and includes phase change memory material. One of the memory cells is selected by turning on switches just on the bit line and word line connected thereto, or by turning a switch connected in series between the corresponding bit and word lines, where the read current flows through the selected memory cell and the voltage sensor measures a voltage drop across the selected memory cell.

Exemplary embodiments provide an apparatus, system and method for power conversion to provide power to solid state lighting, and which may be coupled to a first switch, such as a dimmer switch. An exemplary system for power conversion comprises: a switching power supply comprising a second, power switch; solid state lighting coupled to the switching power supply; a voltage sensor; a current sensor; a memory; a first adaptive interface circuit to provide a resistive impedance to the first switch and conduct current from the first switch in a default mode; a second adaptive interface circuit to create a resonant process when the first switch turns on; and a controller to modulate the second adaptive interface circuit when the first switch turns on to provide a current path during the resonant process of the switching power supply.

Apparatus and method for stimulating neuromuscular tissue in the stomach. The neuromuscular stimulator stimulates the neuromuscular tissue by applying current-controlled electrical pulses. A voltage sensor detects the voltage across the neuromuscular tissue to determine if the voltage meets a predetermined voltage threshold. A control circuit adjusts the current-controlled pulse if the voltage is found to meet the voltage threshold, such that the voltage does not exceed the voltage threshold. A voltage-controlled pulse may also be applied to the tissue. A current sensor would then detect whether the current on the neuromuscular tissue meets a predetermined current threshold, and a control circuit adjusts the voltage controlled pulse such that the current does not exceed the current threshold. A real time clock may be provided which supplies data corresponding to the time of day during the treatment period. A programmable calendar stores parameters of the stimulating pulse, wherein the parameters have a reference to the time of day.

A power converter system advantageously employs a modular, bi-directionally symmetrical power converter assembly in a readily customizable configuration to interconnect a direct current power source to a three-phase alternating power grid. Connections external to the power converter assembly are selected to optimize the power converter system for a specific application, such as interconnecting a photovoltaic array to the three-phase electrical power grid. The electrical interconnections of various elements including isolation transformers, voltage sensors, and control switches are optimized to improve efficiency and reliability.

A solar cell array control device has a plurality of solar cell modules, a bidirectional DC converter, at least a voltage sensor and a control unit. The bidirectional DC converter corresponds to and is electrically connected to the solar cell modules to connect these solar cell modules in series to form a solar cell array. The voltage sensor is electrically connected to the solar cell modules, and can generate an abnormal voltage when detecting that one of the solar cell modules is abnormal. The control unit is electrically connected to the voltage sensor and the bidirectional DC converter, and outputs a pulse width modulation signal by detecting the abnormal voltage to control the bidirectional DC converter for compensating the conversion current and thus enhancing the output power of this solar cell module.

A power system for an electric motor drive such as may be used in an electrically propelled vehicle incorporates the combination of a high power density battery and a high energy density battery to provide an optimal combination of high energy and high power, i.e., a hybrid battery system. The hybrid battery system in one form includes components which prevent electrical recharge energy from being applied to the high energy density battery while capturing regenerative energy in the high power density battery so as to increase an electric vehicle's range for a given amount of stored energy. A dynamic retarding function for absorbing electrical regenerative energy is used during significant vehicle deceleration and while holding speed on down-hill grades, to minimize mechanical brake wear and limit excessive voltage on the battery and power electronic control devices. The high energy density battery coupled in circuit with a boost converter, a high power density battery, a dynamic retarder, and an AC motor drive circuit. The hybrid battery system is controlled by a hybrid power source controller which receives signals from a vehicle system controller using current and voltage sensors to provide feedback parameters for the closed-loop hybrid battery control functions.

A system and method for detecting faults within an electrosurgical instrument having a shield and an active electrode uses multiple possible fault conditions. In one embodiment the monitoring system comprises an electrosurgical generator coupled to the electrosurgical instrument and adapted to deliver power to the active electrode of the electrosurgical instrument, monitoring circuitry coupled to the electrosurgical generator and the electrosurgical instrument, wherein the monitoring circuitry comprises an active electrode voltage sensor an active electrode current sensor and a shield current sensor. The monitoring circuitry measures at least two of the active voltage, the active or return electrode current, and the shield current.

A clamping current and voltage sensor provides an isolated and convenient technique for measuring current passing through a conductor such as an AC branch circuit wire, as well as providing an indication of an electrostatic potential on the wire, which can be used to indicate the phase of the voltage on the wire, and optionally a magnitude of the voltage. The device includes a body formed from two handle portions that contain the current and voltage sensors within an aperture at the distal end, which may be a ferrite cylinder with a hall effect sensor disposed in a gap along the circumference to measure current, or alternatively a winding provided through the cylinder along its axis and a capacitive plate or wire disposed adjacent to, or within, the ferrite cylinder to provide the indication of the voltage. When the handles are compressed the aperture is opened to permit insertion of a wire for measurement.

The present invention provides a tire pressure sensor system that has multiple functions and is integrated into a small package. The system includes one or more Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based sensors, including a MEMS-based pressure sensor; a MEMS-oscillator-based wireless signal transmitter; and a microcontroller, where the microcontroller processes the data generated by at least one of the MEMS-based sensors, controls at least one of the MEMS-based sensors, and controls the encoding and timing of transmission of data from the wireless signal transmitter. Preferably, the MEMS-based sensors, MEMS-oscillator-based wireless signal transmitter, and microcontroller are integrated onto one or more chips in one or more packages. The system also preferably includes a MEMS-based motion sensor, a low frequency (LF) receiver, an IC-based voltage sensor, a voltage regulator, a temperature sensor and a polarization voltage generator. Thus, the disclosed tire pressure sensor system is high in functionality, yet small in size.

The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell -DC / DC boost conversion charge method which belongs to battery technique field. The method includes: 1) a portable equipment accumulator voltage is detected by a voltage sensor, when lows to full charge capacity, the voltage sensor makes DC / DC boost converter starting DC / DC conversion, and electricity quantity flows from photovoltaic current to lithium battery for charging; 2) when the portable equipment accumulator is in full charge capacity state, accumulator need not charge again, the voltage sensor makes DC / DC boost converter forbidding DC / DC conversion, thereby, the portable equipment accumulator is protected and over charge phenomena is prevented. The method can be realized simply, and has short reaction time, high efficiency, overvoltage protection and anti-counterblast protection.

A battery health monitor (BHM) that operates as a battery-mountable full-spectrum alternating current (ac) impedance meter that facilitates monitoring a state-of-charge and a state-of-health of a battery. The BHM is used for monitoring one or more electrical parameters, e.g., impedance, of a battery. The BHM includes: a current sink coupled to the first terminal and configured to sink therefrom an oscillatory current so as to cause the battery to produce at a first terminal thereof an oscillatory voltage equal to or less than a dc operating voltage of the battery that would be present at the first terminal in the absence of the oscillatory current; and a voltage sensor configured to sense the oscillatory voltage at the first terminal.

A welding system is provided that includes a wearable wire feeder having a wire drive motor that is responsive to a control signal received directly from a power unit. Another welding system is provided that includes a wearable wire feeder that is configured to couple to a constant voltage power unit and does not include a voltage sensor. Another welding system is provided that includes a power unit, a wearable wire feeder separate from the power unit, a cable extending directly from the power unit to the wearable wire feeder and a welding torch coupled to and separate from the wire feeder. A method is provided that includes receiving a control signal from a power unit at a wearable wire feeder and driving a welding wire from the wearable wire feeder to a welding torch in response to the control signal, wherein the wearable wire feeder is separate from the torch.

The present invention provides a passive RFID chip with on-chip charge pumps for generating electrical power for the chip from radio frequencies. The passive RFID chip comprises an analog portion and a digital portion. The analog portion primarily comprises a voltage sensor and an AM data detector. The digital portion comprises a state machine digital logic controller. Incoming RF signals enter the chip via external antennas. The RF signals are converted into regulated DC signals by RF-DC converters with the voltage sensor. The RF-DC converters provide power for all the on-chip components and hence the chip does not require external power supply. The incoming RF signals are demodulated by demodulators and enter the AM data detector where the envelope transitions are detected. A voltage alarm is provided to ensure the voltage level does not drop below an operational level of the chip. The logic signals and programming data are controlled by the state machine digital logic controller and the timing signals are provided by an on-chip oscillator.

A wristwatch with the function of sensing heart pulses having a watch housing on whose surface a liquid crystal display (LCD) is disposed. A voltage sensor is positioned within the watch housing for detecting the voltage frequency change during the blood circulation. The voltage sensor includes two electric terminals one of which is mounted on a bottom cover of the watch housing to permit a close contact with one hand wrist, and the other consists of two pieces of conductive rubber strips on the front surface of the insulated wristband for fingers of another hand to touch thereon. Both electric terminals are coupled by both hands while the detected voltage change frequency undergoes a static electric filtration by inductors and is transmitted to a filter shaping circuit for creating signals that are brought into a central processing unit to perform the processing and the calculating actions thereof. So, the processed result of the heart pulse rate is presented on the LCD.

A battery management unit and system for managing the state of charge of cells or batteries. Each battery management unit measures cell or battery terminal voltage and provides this information to a central controller via a communication medium. Each battery management unit monitors a plurality of batteries and can selectively charge a selected battery via a charger and switch circuit or can selectively discharge a selected battery via a load and switch circuit under the control of a controller. The controller may control charging and discharging in accordance with measurements from voltage sensors or may convey information from a voltage sensors to the central controller and receive charging and discharging commands from the central controller. Charging and discharging is controlled to maintain all batteries within a desired state of charge ranged. The central controller may selectively connect a main charger or generator to a bank of batteries associated with a battery management unit.

An electrical monitoring device includes an attachment arrangement adapted to attach the device, non-invasively, to an electrical supply line; a current sensor adapted to sense waveform characteristics relating to current flowing through the supply line; a voltage sensor adapted to sense voltage waveform characteristics of the supply line; and a processor programmed to calculate a power component using the current waveform characteristics and voltage waveform characteristics. The device also includes a wireless transmitter configured to transmit the power component to a monitoring location.

A DC to DC converter has an inverter, an inductor, a voltage sensor, a comparator, a clock generator, a driver and an output capacitor. The inverter converts an input voltage into a square-wave voltage. The inductor is electrically connected to an output of the inverter. The voltage sensor is electrically connected to the inductor and derives a sense voltage. The comparator compares the sense voltage and a reference voltage. The clock generator generates a reference clock pulse. The driver is triggered by the reference clock pulse and switches the inverter according to an output of the comparator. The output capacitor is electrically connected between the voltage sensor and the ground.

A display storage apparatus capable of detecting a pulse made in form of a pulse MP3 / 4 or a wristwatch and comprising: a) a casing having an LCD screen disposed at the front side thereof; b) a heartbeat detector unit having a plurality of electrode patches extended out from the casing and directly attached onto a human chest for detecting a pulse, the signal being transmitted in a way of wire or wireless transmission; c) a voltage sensor unit installed in the casing for sending a voltage change frequency; d) a digital signal processor for receiving a signal transmitted from the voltage sensor unit, and cumulating the signals to obtain a user's pulse (or heartbeat) value; e) a flash memory having a plurality of partitioned memory blocks with at least one memory block for storing an Auto Run program; f) a USB interface disposed on a lateral side of the casing, and electrically coupled to the digital signal processor, and if the USB interface is connected to a personal computer, the Auto Run program stored in the flash memory automatically stores the measured data of a user's pulses accumulated in a certain period of time into an operating system of the personal computer and further analyzes and record the user's physiological conditions. In this way, the apparatus can be used for listening to music anytime, displaying the current time, analyzing and evaluating a user's exercise and physiological conditions.

The invention is a charge state evaluation method and system of a power lithium ion battery. According to the method, step one is to establish a circuit model of an equivalent battery. Charging and discharging and standing experiments are performed on the battery, and timing sampling is performed so that a voltage time curve is obtained. Model parameters are identified via a formula so that a non-linear relation between an open-circuit voltage OCV and an SoC is obtained. Step two is to obtain an optical estimation value of the SoC by matrixes of state prediction, prediction error variance, filtering gain, state estimation, estimation error variance, etc., according to Kalman algorithm. According to the system, an analog / digital converter, a program storage device, a programmable storage device, a timer and a displayer are respectively connected with a microprocessor. A current sensor and a voltage sensor are respectively connected in a circuit formed by connecting the battery to be tested and a load, and outputs of the current sensor and the voltage sensor are accessed into the analog / digital converter. The programmable storage device stores battery model parameters obtained by the experiments. The program storage device stores estimation program of the method. Estimation precision of the SoC can reach 1%, and the charge state evaluation method and system is more stable; besides, the system provides estimation values of the SoC in real time.

A battery ECU estimates the SOC by integrating the battery current measured by a current sensor, and the battery voltage Vn is measured by a voltage sensor and the battery temperature Tn is measured by a thermometer if the fluctuation of the charging / discharging current is great. If the number m of estimations of SOCn is m<10, m is incremented. The battery internal resistance Rn is estimated from the measured battery temperature Tn by using a correlation map showing the correlation between the previously stored battery temperature T and the battery internal resistance R. An estimation charging / discharging current In is determined using the measured battery voltage Vn, the battery open voltage Vocvn−1 determined on the basis of the previously estimated charged state, and the estimated battery internal resistance Rn. The SOCn is estimated by integrating the estimated charging / discharging current In. If the number m of estimations of the SOCn is m=10, the number m of estimations is changed to 0. The charging / discharging current in is measured by a current sensor. The battery internal resistance Rn is calculated from the battery voltage Vn and the charging / discharging current in. The battery temperature Tn is also measured, and the T-R correlation map is corrected.

A motor drive for conditioning power to be delivered to a non-motor load includes a voltage feedback circuit that monitors a DC bus voltage and, based on changes in the DC bus voltage, adjusts a power conditioning scheme such that near steady-state load conditions are maintained in response to a transient load condition. The voltage feedback circuit has a voltage sensor that provides voltage feedback to a controller that determines what changes in power conditioning are needed in response to a transient load condition that manifests itself in a change in DC bus voltage.

An optically isolated power electronic power conversion circuit that includes an input electrical power source, a heat pipe, a power electronic switch or plurality of interconnected power electronic switches, a mechanism for connecting the switch to the input power source, a mechanism for connecting comprising an interconnecting cable and / or bus bar or plurality of interconnecting cables and / or input bus bars, an optically isolated drive circuit connected to the switch, a heat sink assembly upon which the power electronic switch or switches is mounted, an output load, a mechanism for connecting the switch to the output load, the mechanism for connecting including an interconnecting cable and / or bus bar or plurality of interconnecting cables and / or output bus bars, at least one a fiber optic temperature sensor mounted on the heat sink assembly, at least one fiber optic current sensor mounted on the load interconnection cable and / or output bus bar, at least one fiber optic voltage sensor mounted on the load interconnection cable and / or output bus bar, at least one fiber optic current sensor mounted on the input power interconnection cable and / or input bus bar, and at least one fiber optic voltage sensor mounted on the input power interconnection cable and / or input bus bar.

The invention designs a lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and an early warning method. The early warning system comprises various sensors, a battery management system, a warningdevice and an automatic emergency fire extinguishing device. The sensors comprise an ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor and a smoke sensor. The ultrasonic sensor can reflect abattery internal gas state characteristic, so prejudgment and diagnosis are carried out on battery thermal safety in a thermal runaway risk emerging early phase timely and early warning is rapid and efficient. The battery management system carries out data analysis based on various sensor combined detection, compares a plurality of parameters with set thresholds, sends out different levels of early warning signals and takes different control policies. A safety accident risk resulting from thermal runaway is reduced, and personnel injury is reduced.

Limit values of battery charging and discharging power are set by a battery charge discharge control apparatus, based on the estimation of the internal resistance of a battery according to a detected battery temperature and the sampling of a battery current and a battery voltage respectively detected by a current sensor and a voltage sensor. The limit values are used to control the battery current and the battery voltage to be within a current use range and a voltage use range of the battery, according to conditions of the battery in a vehicle.

Upon detection of a fault in a DC power supply based on a voltage from a voltage sensor or a temperature from a temperature sensor, a control device controls inverters to cause AC motors to output zero output torque, and generates and outputs signals to a voltage step-up converter and a DC / DC converter, respectively. The control device generates and outputs a signal SE of an L level to system relays to cut off the system relays. Thereafter, the control device generates and outputs a signal PWMDL to the voltage step-up converter to switch control of the voltage step-up converter to voltage step-down control.

An LED driver circuit is provided for protecting one (or more) LEDs connected in series from over-current damages which may result from a short circuit condition. The driver circuit includes a current control circuit for receiving an input signal from a power source and providing a current output for powering the LED. A voltage sensor detects a voltage across the LED. An LED current restriction circuit such as a switching element restricts a current flow into the LED. A short circuit response circuit controls the LED current restriction circuit dependent on a comparison between the voltage detected by the voltage sensor and a predetermined threshold value. When the detected voltage is less than or equal to the threshold value, the response circuit determines a short circuit, and a signal is sent to the current restriction circuit to restrict current flow into the one or more LEDs.

The invention relates to a modularized multi-level converter with an auxiliary diode. The modularized multi-level converter comprises a three-phase valve body, and three active energy feedback circuits respectively connected to the three-phase valve body, wherein each phase of valve body comprises 2M half-bridge inversion units and 2M-1 auxiliary diodes; direct current capacitors of the 1-(2M-1)th serially connected half-bridge inversion units are respectively connected with one auxiliary diode, and the final (2M)th half-bridge inversion unit is serially connected to form the valve body; the 1-Mth half-bridge inversion units form the upper-half part of the valve body to output a negative polarity voltage; and the (M+1)th to 2Mth half-bridge inversion units form the lower-half part of the valve body to output a positive polarity voltage. The auxiliary diodes and the active energy feedback circuits form a capacitor voltage sharing loop, the modularized multi-level converter realizes capacitance self voltage sharing effect, and realizes that the unit capacitance voltage is measured by using less direct current voltage sensors, thus the detection and the control of multi-level topology are greatly simplified. The modularized multi-level converter can be used in occasions such as reaction compensation and harmonic treatment of a medium-voltage or high-voltage power grid.

Apparatus and method for stimulating neuromuscular tissue in the stomach. The neuromuscular stimulator stimulates the neuromuscular tissue by applying current-controlled electrical pulses. A voltage sensor detects the voltage across the neuromuscular tissue to determine if the voltage meets a predetermined voltage threshold. A control circuit adjusts the current-controlled pulse if the voltage is found to meet the voltage threshold, such that the voltage does not exceed the voltage threshold. A voltage-controlled pulse may also be applied to the tissue. A current sensor would then detect whether the current on the neuromuscular tissue meets a predetermined current threshold, and a control circuit adjusts the voltage-controlled pulse such that the current does not exceed the current threshold. A real time clock may be provided which supplies data corresponding to the time of day during the treatment period. A programmable calendar stores parameters of the stimulating pulse, wherein the parameters have a reference to the time of day.