A polarization precision calibrating system of a polarity spectrometer comprises an integrating sphere, a collimator tube, a diaphragm, an interference absorber, a polarization state generator (PSG), a polarization-preserving diffuser, a collimating lens, a polarization state detector, a reference light intensity probe and a computer. The calibrating system adopts the integrating sphere, the collimator tube, the diaphragm, the interference absorber and the polarization state generator (PSG) to generate standard polarization calibration sources; and a zero vision field and a small-caliber parallel light beam generated by the calibration sources are expanded into a full vision field and a large-caliber parallel light beam with the same polarization state, so as to carry out full vision calibration to the large-caliber polarity spectrometer. The invention has a capacity of carrying out the full vision polarization calibration to the large-caliber polarity spectrometer, adopts a unequally accurate least square principle to process data during the calibration process, and greatly improves the polarization calibration accuracy of an imaging polarity spectrometer.