The application discloses a composite
aerogel and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of functional materials and environmental treatment. In the application, delignified cotton stalk
cellulose is compounded with MXene to prepare a suspension, directional freezing self-
assembly is carried out by using n-
heptane as a
heat transfer medium, and after freezing
drying and
polydimethylsiloxane dip coating, a PDMS / CMNF / MXene composite
aerogel is obtained. The
aerogel has an ultra-fine scale, high-density vertically arranged pore channels and a multi-level pore structure, and the pore channel
diameter is 20-40 mu m. Under the driving of
solar energy, the surface temperature of the aerogel can reach above 120 DEG C, the rapid in-situ
viscosity reduction and efficient adsorption of high-
viscosity crude oil are realized, the adsorption capacity is more than 56 times of the weight of the aerogel, and the performance
retention rate is greater than 90% after 10 cycles. The application provides an efficient, green and recyclable solution for the treatment of marine high-
viscosity crude oil leakage.